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}


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}


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  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
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  YEAR = {1994},
  MONTH = AUG,
  KEY = {ASSERT}
}


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@INCOLLECTION{bain:bkchapter92,
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}


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  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth ACM SIGKDD International
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                 (KDD-2003)},
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  YEAR = 2003,
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}


@UNPUBLISHED{banerjee:proposal01,
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  TITLE = {Large Scale Clustering of Sequential Patterns},
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}


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  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the SIAM International Conference on Data Mining},
  PAGES = {333-349},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{banerjee:sdm04,
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  TITLE = {Clustering with {B}regman Divergences},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 2004 {SIAM} International Conference on Data Mining (SDM-04)},
  YEAR = {2004},
  ADDRESS = {Lake Buena Vista, FL}
}


@TECHREPORT{banerjee:tr03,
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  INSTITUTION = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas at Austin},
  YEAR = {2003},
  NUMBER = {TR-03-07}
}


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  KEY = {Predicate Invention}
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  ADDRESS = {Washington, DC},
  YEAR = 2003
}


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  AUTHOR = {Ray Bareiss and Bruce W. Porter and Kenneth S.
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  TITLE = {Partial Order Planning: Evaluating Possible Efficiency
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  PAGES = {71--112}
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@TECHREPORT{barrett:tr93,
  TITLE = {{UCPOP}: User's Manual (Version 2.0)},
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  MONTH = OCT,
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}


@TECHREPORT{barrett:tr95,
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}


@ARTICLE{basili:ai96,
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  VOLUME = {85},
  PAGES = {59--99},
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  KEY = {ariosto-lex}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{basu:aaai98,
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                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-98)},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  MONTH = JUL,
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  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{basu:ifwkshp00,
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                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  ADDRESS = {Stockholm},
  YEAR = {2000},
  KEY = {recommender systems}
}


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                 Lexical Knowledge},
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                 Ghosh},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh ACM SIGKDD International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2001)},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  PAGES = {233--239},
  KEY = {DiscoTEX, KDD, IE},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{basu:ml02,
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                 Learning (ICML-2002)},
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  YEAR = {2002}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{basu:ml03-wkshp,
  AUTHOR = {Sugato Basu and Mikhail Bilenko and Raymond
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  TITLE = {Comparing and Unifying Search-based and
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  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the ICML-2003 Workshop on the
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  YEAR = 2003,
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  ADDRESS = {Washington, DC}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{basu:sdm04,
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  TITLE = {Active Semi-Supervision for Pairwise Constrained Clustering},
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  PAGES = {},
  ADRESS = {Lake Buena Vista, FL},
  MONTH = APR,
  YEAR = {2004},
  NOTE = {to appear}
}


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  PAGES = {144--149},
  KEY = {DiscoTEX, KDD, IE},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@INCOLLECTION{bates:atn78,
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}


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                 Saitta and Davide {De Marchi} and Filippo Brancadori},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-90)},
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@INPROCEEDINGS{berger:sigir00,
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  TITLE = {Ocelot: {A} system for summarizing Web pages},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 23rd International ACM SIGIR
                 Conference on Research and Development in Information
                 Retrieval},
  ADDRESS = {Athens, Greece},
  PAGES = {144--151},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@MISC{berners-lee:sciam01,
  AUTHOR = {T. Berners-Lee and J. Hendler and O. Lassila},
  TITLE = {The {S}emantic {W}eb},
  MONTH = MAY,
  YEAR = {2001},
  NOTE = {Scientific American}
}


@ARTICLE{berry:ijsa92,
  AUTHOR = {M. Berry},
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  JOURNAL = {International Journal of Supercomputer Applications},
  VOLUME = 6,
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  YEAR = 1992,
  PAGES = {13--49}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{berry:sdm03-wkshp,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Third SIAM International Conference on
                  Data Mining(SDM-2003) Workshop on Text Mining},
  EDITOR = {Michael W. Berry},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  MONTH = MAY,
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@BOOK{berwick:book85,
  AUTHOR = {Robert C. Berwick},
  TITLE = {The Acquisition of Syntactic Knowledge},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1985},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{berwick:ijcai83,
  TITLE = {Learning Word Meanings from Examples},
  AUTHOR = {Robert C. Berwick},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-83)},
  YEAR = {1983},
  ADDRESS = {Karlsruhe, West Germany},
  PAGES = {459--461}
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@ARTICLE{berwick:mlj87,
  TITLE = {Learning Syntax by Automata Induction},
  AUTHOR = {Robert C. Berwick and Samuel F. Pilato},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {2},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {9--38},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{besag:rss86,
  AUTHOR = {Julian Besag},
  TITLE = {On the Statistical Analysis of Dirty Pictures},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B (Methodological)},
  YEAR = {1986},
  VOLUME = {48},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {259-302}
}


@ARTICLE{bhatnagar:mlj94,
  TITLE = {On-Line Learning from Search Failure},
  AUTHOR = {Neeraj Bhatnagar and Jack Mostow},
  YEAR = {1994},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {15},
  PAGES = {69--117},
  KEY = {FAILSAFE}
}


@MANUAL{bies:manual95,
  TITLE = {Bracketing Guidelines for Treebank {II} Style Penn
                 Treebank Project},
  AUTHOR = {Ann Bies and Mark Ferguson and Karen Katz and Robert
                 MacIntyre},
  ORGANIZATION = {University of Pennsylvania},
  MONTH = JAN,
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@ARTICLE{bikel:mlj99,
  AUTHOR = {Daniel M. Bikel and Richard Schwartz and Ralph M.
                 Weischedel},
  YEAR = {1999},
  TITLE = {An Algorithm that Learns What's in a Name},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {34},
  PAGES = {211--232},
  KEY = {NLL}
}


@ARTICLE{bilenko:ieeeis03,
  AUTHOR = {Mikhail Bilenko and Raymond Mooney and William Cohen and Pradeep Ravikumar and Stephen Fienberg},
  TITLE = {Adaptive Name Matching in Information Integration},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Intelligent Systems},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {16-23},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{bilenko:ijcai03-wkshp,
  AUTHOR = {Mikhail Bilenko and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Employing Trainable String Similarity Metrics for Information Integration},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the IJCAI-03 Workshop on Information Integration on the Web},
  PAGES = {67--72},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {2003},
  ADDRESS = {Acapulco, Mexico}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{bilenko:kdd03,
  AUTHOR = {Mikhail Bilenko and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Adaptive Duplicate Detection Using Learnable String
                  Similarity Measures},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth ACM SIGKDD International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2003)},
  PAGES = {39--48},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {2003},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, DC}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{bilenko:kdd03-wkshp,
  AUTHOR = {Mikhail Bilenko and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {On Evaluation and Training-Set Construction for Duplicate Detection},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the KDD-03 Workshop on Data Cleaning, Record Linkage, and Object Consolidation},
  PAGES = {7--12},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {2003},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, DC}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{bilenko:proposal03,
  AUTHOR = {Mikhail Bilenko},
  TITLE = {Learnable Similarity Functions and Their Applications to Record Linkage and Clustering},
  NOTE = {Doctoral Dissertation Proposal, University of Texas at Austin},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{bilenko:submitted04,
  AUTHOR = {Mikhail Bilenko and Sugato Basu and Raymond
                  J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Integrating Constraints and Metric Learning in Semi-Supervised Clustering},
  NOTE = {Submitted for publication},
  YEAR = 2004
}


@TECHREPORT{bilenko:tr02,
  AUTHOR = {Mikhail Bilenko and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Learning to Combine Trained Distance Metrics for
                 Duplicate Detection in Databases},
  MONTH = FEB,
  YEAR = {2002},
  NUMBER = {AI 02-296},
  INSTITUTION = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of
                 Texas at Austin},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{billsus:agents99,
  AUTHOR = {Daniel Billsus and Michael Pazzani},
  TITLE = {A Personal News Agent that Talks, Learns and
                 Explains},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
                 Autonomous Agents (Agents-99)},
  YEAR = {1999},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{billsus:ml98,
  AUTHOR = {Daniel Billsus and Michael J. Pazzani},
  TITLE = {Learning Collaborative Information Filters},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-98)},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {46--54},
  KEY = {recommender systems, LSI, collaborative filtering}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{billsus:msl96,
  TITLE = {Revising User Profiles: The Search for Interesting Web
                 Sites},
  AUTHOR = {Daniel Billsus and Michael Pazzani},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on
                 Multistrategy Learning},
  PAGES = {239--250},
  MONTH = MAY,
  ADDRESS = {Harper's Ferry, W.Va.},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {agents syskill webert}
}


@TECHREPORT{bilmes:tr99,
  AUTHOR = {Jeff Bilmes},
  TITLE = {A Gentle Tutorial on the {EM} Algorithm and its
                 Application to Parameter Estimation for {G}aussian
                 Mixture and Hidden {M}arkov Models},
  YEAR = {1997},
  NUMBER = {ICSI-TR-97-021},
  INSTITUTION = {ICSI}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{birnbaum:ml91,
  EDITOR = {Lawrence A. Birnbaum and Gregg C. Collins},
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning: Section on Learning From Theory and
                 Data},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{bishop:book95,
  AUTHOR = {Christopher M. Bishop},
  TITLE = {Neural Networks for Pattern Recogntion},
  PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press},
  YEAR = 1995,
  ISBN = {0-19-853864-2}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{black:acl92,
  AUTHOR = {Ezra Black and John D. Lafferty and Salim Roukos},
  TITLE = {Development and Evaluation of a Broad-Coverage
                 Probabilistic Grammar of {English}-Language Computer
                 Manuals},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-92)},
  YEAR = {1992},
  PAGES = {185--192},
  ADDRESS = {Newark, Delaware}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{black:acl93,
  AUTHOR = {Ezra Black and Frederick Jelineck and John Lafferty
                 and David M. Magerman and Robert L. Mercer and Salim
                 Roukos},
  TITLE = {Towards History-Based Grammars: Using Richer Models
                 for Probabilistic Parsing},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-93)},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PAGES = {31--37},
  ADDRESS = {Columbus, Ohio}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{black:snlw91,
  AUTHOR = {Ezra Black and {et al.}},
  TITLE = {A procedure for quantitatively comparing the syntactic
                 coverage of {English} grammars},
  YEAR = {1991},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth {DARPA} Speech and Natural
                 Language Workshop},
  PAGES = {306--311},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{blake:icdm-wkshp01,
  AUTHOR = {Catherine Blake and Wanda Pratt},
  TITLE = {Better Rules, Fewer Features: {A} Semantic Approach to
                 Selecting Features from Text},
  BOOKTITLE = {Working Notes of the 2001 IEEE International Conference 
                  on Data Mining (ICDM-2001) Workshop on Text Mining (TextDM'2001)},
  ADDRESS = {San Jose, CA},
  MONTH = NOV,
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{blake:unpublished98,
  AUTHOR = {C. L. Blake and C. J. Merz},
  YEAR = {1998},
  TITLE = {{UCI} Repository of machine learning databases},
  NOTE = {http://www.ics.uci.edu/{\textasciitilde}mlearn/MLRepository.html},
  INSTITUTION = {University of California, Irvine, Dept. of Information
                 and Computer Sciences}
}


@ARTICLE{blaschke:cfg01,
  TITLE = {Can bibliographic pointers for known biological data
                 be found automatically? Protein interactions as a case
                 study},
  AUTHOR = {C. Blaschke and A. Valencia},
  JOURNAL = {Comparative and Functional Genomics},
  VOLUME = {2},
  PAGES = {196--206},
  YEAR = {2001},
  KEY = {compbio, IE}
}


@ARTICLE{blaschke:ieeeis02,
  TITLE = {The frame-based module of the {Suiseki} information extraction system},
  AUTHOR = {C. Blaschke and A. Valencia},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Intelligent Systems},
  VOLUME = {17},
  PAGES = {14--20},
  YEAR = {2002},
  KEY = {compbio, IE}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{blockeel:ilp96,
  AUTHOR = {Henrik Blockeel and Luc deRaedt},
  TITLE = {Relational Knowledge Discovery in Databases},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Inductive Logic Programming (ILP-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PAGES = {1--13}
}


@INCOLLECTION{bloom:bkchapter94,
  AUTHOR = {Paul Bloom},
  TITLE = {Overview: Controversies in Language Acquisition},
  BOOKTITLE = {Language Acquisition: Core Readings},
  EDITOR = {Paul Bloom},
  PAGES = {5--48},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {nla psych}
}


@BOOK{bloom:book00,
  TITLE = {How Children Learn the Meanings of Words},
  AUTHOR = {P. Bloom},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@ARTICLE{blum:ai97,
  AUTHOR = {A. L. Blum and P. Langley},
  TITLE = {Selection of Relevant Features and Examples in Machine
                 Learning},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {97},
  PAGES = {245--271},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{blum:colt98,
  AUTHOR = {Avrim Blum and Tom Mitchell},
  TITLE = {Combining Labeled and Unlabeled Data with
                 Co-Training},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference on
                 Computational Learning Theory},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {92--100},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{blumer:ipl87,
  TITLE = {Occam's Razor},
  AUTHOR = {Avrim Blumer and Andrzej Ehrenfeucht and David
                 Haussler and Manfred K. Warmuth},
  JOURNAL = {Information Processing Letters},
  VOLUME = {24},
  PAGES = {377--380},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{bockhorst:ml02,
  AUTHOR = {J. Bockhorst and M. Craven},
  TITLE = {Exploiting Relations Among Concepts to Acquire Weakly Labeled Training Data},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Machine
                 Learning (ICML-2002)},
  YEAR = {2002},
  PAGES = {19--26}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{bod:aaai93,
  TITLE = {Using an Annotated Language Corpus as a Virtual
                 Stochastic Grammar},
  AUTHOR = {Rens Bod},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-93)},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PAGES = {778--783}
}


@BOOK{boguraev:book89,
  TITLE = {Computational lexicography for natural language
                 processing},
  EDITOR = {Bran Boguraev and Ted Briscoe},
  PUBLISHER = {Longman},
  ADDRESS = {London},
  YEAR = {1989}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{bollacker:ml98,
  AUTHOR = {Kurt D. Bollacker and Joydeep Ghosh},
  TITLE = {A Supra-Classifier Architecture for Scalable Knowledge
                 Reuse},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-98)},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {64--72}
}


@ARTICLE{bonvillian:childdev83,
  AUTHOR = {John D. Bonvillian and Michael D. Orlansky and Lesley
                 L. Novack},
  TITLE = {Developmental milestones: Sign language acquisition
                 and motor development},
  JOURNAL = {Child Development},
  VOLUME = {54},
  PAGES = {1435--1445},
  YEAR = {1983},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{borg:book97,
  AUTHOR = {Ingwer Borg and Patrick Groenen},
  TITLE = {Modern Multidimensional Scaling: Theory and
                  Applications},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  YEAR = 1997
}


@UNPUBLISHED{borgelt:unpublished00,
  AUTHOR = {Christian Borgelt},
  TITLE = {Apriori version 2.6},
  YEAR = {2000},
  NOTE = {http://fuzzy.cs.UniMagdeburg.de/{\textasciitilde}borgelt/}
}


@BOOK{borland:book88,
  TITLE = {Turbo Prolog 2.0 Reference Guide},
  AUTHOR = {{Borland International}},
  PUBLISHER = {Borland International},
  ADDRESS = {Scotts Valley, CA},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{borrajo:ecml94,
  AUTHOR = {Daniel Borrajo and Manuela Veloso},
  TITLE = {Incremental Learning of Control Knowledge for
                 Nonlinear Problem Solving},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Machine
                 Learning (ECML-94)},
  PAGES = {64--82},
  ADDRESS = {Springer Verlag},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{borrajo:sopl94,
  AUTHOR = {Daniel Borrajo and Manuela Veloso},
  TITLE = {Incremental Learning of Control Knowledge for
                 Improvement of Planning Efficiency and Plan Quality},
  BOOKTITLE = {AAAI-94 Fall Symposium on Planning and Learning},
  YEAR = {1994},
  MONTH = OCT,
  ADDRESS = {New Orleans, LA},
  PAGES = {5--9}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{bousson:dx94,
  AUTHOR = {K. Bousson and L. Zimmer and L.
                 Trav\'{e}-Massuy\`{e}s},
  TITLE = {Causal Model-Based Diagnosis of Dynamic Systems},
  PAGES = {34--41},
  BOOKTITLE = {Fifth International Workshop on Principles of
                 Diagnosis},
  YEAR = {1994},
  ADDRESS = {New Paltz, NY}
}


@INCOLLECTION{bowerman:bkchapter94,
  AUTHOR = {Melissa Bowerman},
  TITLE = {Learning a Semantic System: What Role do Cognitive
                 Predispositions Play},
  BOOKTITLE = {Language Acquisition: Core Readings},
  EDITOR = {Paul Bloom},
  PAGES = {329--363},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {nla psych}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{boykov:cvpr98,
  TITLE = {Markov Random Fields with Efficient Approximations},
  AUTHOR = {Yuri Boykov and Olga Veksler and Ramin Zabih},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern
                  Recognition Conference (CVPR-98)},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {648--655}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{bradley:nips97,
  AUTHOR = {P. S. Bradley and O. L. Mangasarian and W. N. Street},
  TITLE = {Clustering via Concave Minimization},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 9},
  PUBLISHER = {The {MIT} Press},
  EDITOR = {Michael C. Mozer and Michael I. Jordan and Thomas
                 Petsche},
  PAGES = {368--374},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@TECHREPORT{bradley:tr00,
  AUTHOR = {P. S. Bradley and K. P. Bennett and A. Demiriz},
  TITLE = {Constrained {K}-Means Clustering},
  INSTITUTION = {Microsoft Research},
  YEAR = {2000},
  NUMBER = {MSR-TR-2000-65},
  MONTH = MAY
}


@TECHREPORT{bradley:tr98,
  AUTHOR = {Paul S. Bradley and Usama M. Fayyad and Cory A.
                 Reina},
  TITLE = {Scaling {EM} ({E}xpectation-{M}aximization) Clustering
                 to Large Databases},
  INSTITUTION = {Microsoft Research},
  YEAR = {1998},
  NUMBER = {MSR-TR-98-35}
}


@BOOK{bratko:book90,
  TITLE = {{P}rolog Programming for Artificial Intelligence},
  AUTHOR = {Ivan Bratko},
  PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley},
  ADDRESS = {Reading:MA},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{bratko:cacm95,
  TITLE = {Applications of Inductive Logic Programming},
  AUTHOR = {Ivan Bratko and Stephen Muggleton},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {38},
  NUMBER = {11},
  PAGES = {65--70},
  YEAR = {1995},
  KEY = {ILP}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{bratko:ml91,
  TITLE = {Learning Qualitative Models of Dynamic Systems},
  AUTHOR = {Ivan Bratko and Stephen Muggleton and Alen Varsek},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {385--388},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {GOLEM}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{braudaway:ijcai89,
  TITLE = {Automatic Synthesis of Constrained Generators},
  AUTHOR = {Wesley Braudaway and Chris Tong},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {test incorporation}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{bray:unpublished00,
  TITLE = {{E}{X}tensible {M}arkup {L}anguage ({XML}) 1.0 (Second
                 Edition)},
  AUTHOR = {Tim Bray and Jean Paoli and C. M. Sperberg-McQueen and
                 Eve Maler},
  MONTH = OCT,
  YEAR = {2000},
  NOTE = {http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006},
  KEY = {XML}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{bregler:cvpr97,
  AUTHOR = {Chris Bregler},
  TITLE = {learning and recognizing human dynamics in video
                 sequences},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of {IEEE} Conference on Computer vision and Pattern
                 recognition},
  YEAR = {1997},
  ADDRESS = {San Juan, Puerto Rico}
}


@BOOK{breiman:book84,
  TITLE = {Classification and Regression Trees},
  AUTHOR = {Leo Breiman and Jerome H. Friedman and Richard Olshen
                 and Charles Stone},
  PUBLISHER = {Wadsworth and Brooks},
  ADDRESS = {Monterey, CA},
  YEAR = {1984},
  KEY = {CART}
}


@ARTICLE{breiman:mlj01,
  AUTHOR = {Leo Breiman},
  TITLE = {Random Forests},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {45},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {5-32},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@ARTICLE{breiman:mlj96,
  TITLE = {Bagging Predictors},
  AUTHOR = {Leo Breiman},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {24},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {123--140},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {}
}


@MISC{breiman:nips-wkshp96,
  AUTHOR = {Leo Breiman},
  YEAR = 1996,
  NOTE = {Neural Information Processing Systems Workshop}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{brent:acl91,
  TITLE = {Automatic Acquisition of Subcategorization Frames from
                 Untagged Text},
  AUTHOR = {Michael Brent},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-91)},
  PAGES = {209--214},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@ARTICLE{brent:cog96,
  AUTHOR = {Michael Brent},
  TITLE = {Advances in the Computational Study of Language
                 Acquisition},
  JOURNAL = {Cognition},
  YEAR = {1996},
  VOLUME = {61},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {1--38}
}


@ARTICLE{brent:cog96b,
  AUTHOR = {Michael R. Brent and Timothy A. Cartwright},
  TITLE = {Distributional Regularity and Phonotactic Constraints
                 are Useful for Segmentation},
  JOURNAL = {Cognition},
  YEAR = {1996},
  VOLUME = {61},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {93--125}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{brent:cogsci90,
  TITLE = {Semantic Classification of Verbs from their Syntactic
                 Contexts: Automated Lexicography with Implications for
                 Child Language Acquisition},
  AUTHOR = {Michael Brent},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Conference of the
                 Cognitive Science Society},
  PAGES = {428--437},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@ARTICLE{brent:mlj99,
  AUTHOR = {Michael Brent},
  YEAR = {1999},
  TITLE = {An Efficient, Probabilistically Sound Algorithm for
                 Segmentation and Word Discovery},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {34},
  PAGES = {71--106},
  KEY = {NLL}
}


@INCOLLECTION{bresina:bkchapter93,
  AUTHOR = {John Bresina and Mark Drummond and Smadar Kedar},
  TITLE = {Reactive, Integrated Systems Pose New Problems for
                 Machine Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning Methods for Planning},
  EDITOR = {Steven Minton},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{brill:aaai94,
  AUTHOR = {Eric Brill},
  TITLE = {Some Advances in Rule-based Part of Speech Tagging},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)},
  YEAR = {1994},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  PAGES = {722--727}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{brill:acl93,
  AUTHOR = {Eric Brill},
  TITLE = {Automatic Grammar Induction and Parsing Free Text: 
                 {A} Transformation-Based Approach},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-93)},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PAGES = {259--265},
  ADDRESS = {Columbus, Ohio}
}


@ARTICLE{brill:aimag97,
  TITLE = {An overview of Empirical Natural Language Processing},
  AUTHOR = {Eric Brill and Raymond J. Mooney},
  JOURNAL = {AI Magazine},
  YEAR = {1997},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {13--24}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{brill:coling94,
  TITLE = {A Transformation-Based Approach to Prepositional
                 Phrase Attachment Disambiguation},
  AUTHOR = {Eric Brill and Phillip Resnik},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International
                 Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  ADDRESS = {Kyoto, Japan},
  KEY = {PP attachment, EMNLP},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@ARTICLE{brill:compling95,
  TITLE = {Transformation-Based Error-Driven Learning and Natural
                 Language Processing: {A} Case Study in Part-of-Speech
                 Tagging},
  AUTHOR = {Eric Brill},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {21},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {543--565},
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@BOOK{brill:emnlp96,
  EDITOR = {Eric Brill and K. Church},
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in
                 Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PUBLISHER = {University of Pennsylvania},
  ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, PA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{brin:webdb98,
  AUTHOR = {Sergey Brin},
  TITLE = {Extracting Patterns and Relations from the
                 {W}orld-{W}ide {W}eb},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on
                 the World Wide Web and Databases (WebDB-1998), Selected
                 Paper},
  EDITOR = {Paolo Atzeni and Alberto O. Mendelzon and
                 Giansalvatore Mecca},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Valencia, Spain},
  PAGES = {172--183},
  MONTH = MAR,
  YEAR = {1998},
  NOTE = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1590}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{brinker:ml03,
  AUTHOR = {Klaus Brinker},
  TITLE = {Incorporating Diversity in Active Learning with Support Vector Machines},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning, Proceedings of the Twentieth International
               Conference (ICML 2003), August 21-24, 2003, Washington, DC, USA},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press},
  YEAR = 2003,
  PAGES = {59--66}
}


@ARTICLE{briscoe:compling93,
  TITLE = {Generalized Probabilistic {LR} Parsing of Natural
                 Language (Corpora) with Unification-Based Grammars},
  AUTHOR = {Ted Briscoe and John Carroll},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {19},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {25--59},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@ARTICLE{broomhead:cs88,
  AUTHOR = {D. S. Broomhead and D. Lowe},
  TITLE = {Multivariable Functional Interpolation and Adaptive
                 Networks},
  JOURNAL = {Complex Systems},
  YEAR = {1988},
  VOLUME = {2},
  PAGES = {321--355},
  ANNOTE = {RBF regression}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{brown:acl91,
  TITLE = {Word Sense Disambiguation using Statistical Methods},
  AUTHOR = {P. Brown and S. Della-Pietra and V. Della-Pietra and
                 R. Mercer},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-91)},
  PAGES = {264--270},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@INCOLLECTION{brown:bkchapter75,
  AUTHOR = {J. S. Brown and R. R. Burton},
  TITLE = {Multiple Representations of Knowledge for Tutorial
                 Reasoning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Representation and Understanding},
  EDITOR = {D. G. Bobrow and A. Collins},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1975},
  KEY = {SOPHIE}
}


@ARTICLE{brown:cogscij78,
  TITLE = {Diagnostic models for procedural bugs in basic
                 mathematical skills},
  AUTHOR = {J. S. Brown and R. R. Burton},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  VOLUME = {2},
  PAGES = {155--192},
  YEAR = {1978},
  KEY = {debuggy}
}


@ARTICLE{brown:cogscij80,
  TITLE = {Repair theory: {a} generative theory of bugs in
                 procedural skills},
  AUTHOR = {J. S. Brown and K. VanLehn},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  VOLUME = {4},
  PAGES = {379--426},
  YEAR = {1980},
  KEY = {repair theory}
}


@ARTICLE{brown:compling90,
  TITLE = {A Statistical Approach to Machine Translation},
  AUTHOR = {P. Brown and {et al.}},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {16},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {79--85},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@ARTICLE{brown:compling92,
  TITLE = {Class Based n-gram Models of Natural Language},
  AUTHOR = {P. Brown and V. Della Pietra and P. deSouza and J. Lai
                 and R. Mercer},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {467--479},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{brown:icml03,
  AUTHOR = {Gavin Brown and Jeremy L. Wyatt},
  TITLE = {The {U}se of the {A}mbiguity {D}ecomposition in {N}eural
                  {N}etwork {E}nsemble {L}earning {M}ethods},
  BOOKTITLE = {20th {I}nternational {C}onference on {M}achine {L}earning
                  (ICML'03)},
  YEAR = 2003,
  EDITOR = {Tom Fawcett and Nina Mishra},
  MONTH = {August},
  ADDRESS = {Washington DC, USA}
}


@BOOK{bruner:book56,
  TITLE = {A Study of Thinking},
  AUTHOR = {J. S. Bruner and J. J. Goodnow and G. A. Austin},
  PUBLISHER = {Wiley},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  YEAR = {1956},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{brunk:ml95,
  AUTHOR = {Clifford Brunk and Michael Pazzani},
  TITLE = {A Lexically Based Semantic Bias for Theory Revision},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-95)},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {81--89}
}


@PHDTHESIS{brunk:thesis96,
  TITLE = {An Investigation of Knowledge Intensive Approaches to
                 Concept Learning and Theory Refinement},
  AUTHOR = {Clifford A. Brunk},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Information and Computer Science,
                 University of California},
  ADDRESS = {Irvine, CA},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {CLARUS}
}


@ARTICLE{bruynooghe:jlp89,
  TITLE = {Compiling Control},
  AUTHOR = {Maurice Bruynooghe and Danny De Schreye and Bruno
                 Krekels},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  VOLUME = {6},
  PAGES = {135--243},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{buchanan:book84,
  TITLE = {Rule-Based Expert Systems:The {MYCIN} Experiments of
                 the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project},
  EDITOR = {G. G. Buchanan and E. H. Shortliffe},
  PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley},
  ADDRESS = {Reading, MA},
  YEAR = {1984},
  KEY = {Dempster Shafer}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{buhmann:icpr00,
  AUTHOR = {Joachim M. Buhmann and Thomas Zöller},
  TITLE = {Active Learning for Hierarchical Pairwise Data
                   Clustering.},
  BOOKTITLE = {ICPR},
  PAGES = {2186-2189},
  URL = {http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/icpr/icpr2000-2.html#BuhmannZ00},
  YEAR = 2000
}


@INCOLLECTION{bullock:bkchapter82,
  AUTHOR = {M. Bullock and R. Gelman and R. Baillargeon},
  TITLE = {The development of causal reasoning},
  BOOKTITLE = {The developmental psychology of time},
  EDITOR = {W. J. Friedman},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  ADDRESS = {San Diego, CA},
  PAGES = {209--254},
  YEAR = {1982}
}


@ARTICLE{bunescu:aimed,
  TITLE = {Learning to Extract Proteins and their Interactions from {Medline} Abstracts},
  AUTHOR = {Razvan Bunescu and Ruifang Ge and Rohit J. Kate and Edward M. Marcotte and Raymond J. Mooney and Arun Kumar Ramani and Yuk Wah Wong},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence in Medicine},
  YEAR = {submitted 2002},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{bunescu:aimed04,
  TITLE = {Comparative Experiments on Learning Information Extractors for Proteins and their Interactions},
  AUTHOR = {Razvan Bunescu and Ruifang Ge and Rohit J. Kate and Edward M. Marcotte and Raymond J. Mooney and
                  Arun Kumar Ramani and Yuk Wah Wong},
  JOURNAL = {Special Issue in the Journal Artificial Intelligence in Medicine on
                  Summarization and Information Extraction from Medical Documents},
  EDITORS = {Constantine D. Spyropoulos and Vangelis Karkaletsis},
  PUBLISHER = {Elsevier},
  YEAR = {2004},
  NOTE = {To appear}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{bunescu:eacl03-wkshp,
  AUTHOR = {Razvan Bunescu},
  TITLE = {Associative Anaphora Resolution: A Web-Based
                  Approach},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the EACL-2003 Workshop on the
                  Computational Treatment of Anaphora},
  PAGES = {47--52},
  ADDRESS = {Budapest, Hungary},
  YEAR = 2003
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{bunescu:ml03-wkshp,
  AUTHOR = {R. Bunescu and R. Ge and R. J. Kate and E. M. Marcotte and  R. J. Mooney and A. K. Ramani and Y. W. Wong},
  TITLE = {Learning to Extract Proteins and their Interactions from {Medline} Abstracts},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the ICML-03 Workshop on Machine Learning in Bioinformatics},
  PAGES = {46--53},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {2003},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, DC}
}


@ARTICLE{buntine:cs91,
  AUTHOR = {Wray L. Buntine and Andreas S. Weigend},
  TITLE = {Bayesian Back-propagation},
  JOURNAL = {Complex Systems},
  YEAR = {1991},
  VOLUME = {5},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {603--643},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@ARTICLE{buntine:jair94,
  AUTHOR = {Wray L. Buntine},
  TITLE = {Operations for Learning Graphical Models},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  YEAR = {1994},
  VOLUME = {2},
  PAGES = {159--225},
  MONTH = DEC
}


@ARTICLE{buntine:mlj92,
  TITLE = {A Further Comparison of {SP}litting Rules for
                 Decision-Tree Induction},
  AUTHOR = {W. Buntine and T. Niblett},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {8},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {75--86},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {ID3}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{buntine:uai91,
  AUTHOR = {W. Buntine},
  TITLE = {Theory Refinement on {Bayesian} networks},
  PAGES = {52--60},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh Conference on Uncertainty
                 in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-91)},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{burke:fs-knr95,
  AUTHOR = {Robin D. Burke and Krisitan Hammond and Julia
                 Kozlovsky},
  TITLE = {Knowledge-Based Information Retrieval from
                 Semi-Structured Text},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the AAAI Fall Symposium on AI
                 Applications in Knowledge Navigation \& Retrieval},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {15--19},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press}
}


@ARTICLE{burnell:cacm95,
  AUTHOR = {Lisa Burnell and Eric Horovitz},
  TITLE = {Structure and Chance: Melding Logic and Probability
                 for Software Debugging},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  YEAR = {1995},
  VOLUME = {38},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {31--41},
  MONTH = MAR,
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@INCOLLECTION{burton:bkchapter82,
  AUTHOR = {Richard R. Burton},
  TITLE = {Diagnosing bugs in a simple procedural skill},
  BOOKTITLE = {Intelligent Tutoring Systems},
  EDITOR = {Derek H. Sleeman and J. S. Brown},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  CHAPTER = {8},
  ADDRESS = {London},
  YEAR = {1982},
  KEY = {learning models}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{bylander:kr89,
  AUTHOR = {Tom Bylander and Dean Allemang and Michael C. Tanner
                 and John R. Josephson},
  TITLE = {Some Results Concerning the Computational Complexity
                 of Abduction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on
                 Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  YEAR = {1989},
  PAGES = {44--54},
  ADDRESS = {Toronto, Ontario, Canada}
}


@ARTICLE{byrd:compling87,
  TITLE = {Tools and methods for computational lexicology},
  AUTHOR = {R. Byrd and N. Calzolari and M. Chodorow and J.
                 Klavans and M. Neff and O. Risk},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {13},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {219--240},
  YEAR = {1987}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cain:aaai-abduction91,
  TITLE = {Constraining Abduction in Integrated Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Timothy Cain},
  BOOKTITLE = {Ninth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence
                 Workshop, Towards Domain-Independent Strategies for
                 Abduction},
  PAGES = {14--17},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1991},
  ADDRESS = {Anaheim, CA},
  KEY = {abduction}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cain:ml91,
  TITLE = {The {DUCTOR}: {A} Theory Revision System for
                 Propositional Domains},
  AUTHOR = {Timothy Cain},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {485--489},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{califf:aaai99,
  TITLE = {Relational Learning of Pattern-Match Rules for
                 Information Extraction},
  AUTHOR = {Mary Elaine Califf and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99)},
  ADDRESS = {Orlando, FL},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {328--334},
  KEY = {RAPIER},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{califf:aclwkshp97,
  AUTHOR = {Mary Elaine Califf and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Relational Learning of Pattern-Match Rules for
                 Information Extraction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Natural Language
                 Learning},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PAGES = {9--15},
  ADDRESS = {Madrid, Spain},
  MONTH = JUL
}


@ARTICLE{califf:jmlr03,
  TITLE = {Bottom-Up Relational Learning of Pattern Matching Rules for Information Extraction},
  AUTHOR = {M. E. Califf and R. J. Mooney},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  VOLUME = 4,
  PAGES = {177--210},
  YEAR = 2003,
  KEY = {Rapier}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{califf:ml-ie-wkshp99,
  TITLE = {Papers from the AAAI-1999 Workshop on Machine Learning for Information Extraction},
  EDITOR = {Mary Elaine Califf},
  YEAR = {1999},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press},
  ADDRESS = {Orlando, FL}
}


@ARTICLE{califf:ngc98,
  AUTHOR = {Mary Elaine Califf and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Advantages of Decision Lists and Implicit Negatives in
                 Inductive Logic Programming},
  JOURNAL = {New Generation Computing},
  YEAR = {1998},
  VOLUME = {16},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {263--281}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{califf:paper94,
  AUTHOR = {Mary Elaine Califf},
  TITLE = {Learning the Past Tense of {English} Verbs: An
                 Inductive Logic Programming Approach},
  NOTE = {Unpublished project report},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@PHDTHESIS{califf:thesis98,
  TITLE = {Relational Learning Techniques for Natural Language
                 Information Extraction},
  AUTHOR = {Mary Elaine Califf},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1998},
  MONTH = AUG,
  NOTE = {Also appears as Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
                 Technical Report AI 98-276},
  KEY = {RAPIER}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cameron-jones:ijcai93,
  TITLE = {Avoiding Pitfalls when Learning Recursive Theories},
  AUTHOR = {R. Mike Cameron-Jones and J. Ross Quinlan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-93)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1993},
  PAGES = {1050--1055},
  ADDRESS = {Chambery, France},
  KEY = {FOIL ILP}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{carberry:aaai90,
  AUTHOR = {Sandra Carberry},
  TITLE = {Incorporating Default Inferences into Plan
                 Recognition},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90)},
  YEAR = {1990},
  PAGES = {471--478},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA}
}


@BOOK{carberry:book90,
  AUTHOR = {Sandra Carberry},
  TITLE = {Plan recognition in natural language dialogue},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  KEY = {Math-cs q335.c28}
}


@TECHREPORT{carbonell:tr70,
  NUMBER = {BBN Report No. 1971},
  TITLE = {Mixed-initiative man-computer instructional
                 dialogues},
  AUTHOR = {Jamie R. Carbonell},
  INSTITUTION = {Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc.},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1970},
  KEY = {pro student modeling}
}


@TECHREPORT{carbonell:tr92,
  AUTHOR = {Jamie R. Carbonell and {et al.}},
  NUMBER = {CMU-CS-92-150},
  TITLE = {{PRODIGY4.0}: The Manual and Tutorial},
  INSTITUTION = {School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
                 University},
  ADDRESS = {Pittsburg, PA},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cardie:aaai92,
  TITLE = {Learning to Disambiguate Relative Pronouns},
  AUTHOR = {Claire Cardie},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-92)},
  PAGES = {38--43},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {San Jose, CA},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cardie:aaai93,
  TITLE = {A case-based apprach to knowledge acquisition for
                 domain-specific sentence analysis},
  AUTHOR = {Claire Cardie},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-93)},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, D.C.},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PAGES = {798--803}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cardie:acl98,
  AUTHOR = {Claire Cardie and David Pierce},
  TITLE = {Error-Driven Pruning of Treebank Grammars for Noun
                 Phrase Identification},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics and COLING-98
                 (ACL/COLING-98)},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {218--224},
  ADDRESS = {Montreal, Quebec}
}


@ARTICLE{cardie:aimag97,
  AUTHOR = {Claire Cardie},
  TITLE = {Empirical Methods in Information Extraction},
  JOURNAL = {AI Magazine},
  YEAR = {1997},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {65--79}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cardie:emnlp96,
  AUTHOR = {Claire Cardie},
  TITLE = {Automating Feature Set Selection for Case-Based
                 Learning of Linguistic Knowledge},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in
                 Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PAGES = {113--126}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cardie:ml93,
  TITLE = {Using Decision Trees to Improve Case-Based Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Claire Cardie},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-93)},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PAGES = {25--32},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, California}
}


@ARTICLE{cardie:mlj99,
  AUTHOR = {Claire Cardie and Raymond J. Mooney},
  YEAR = {1999},
  TITLE = {Machine Learning and Natural Language ({I}ntroduction
                 to Special Issue on Natural Language Learning)},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {34},
  PAGES = {5--9},
  KEY = {NLL}
}


@TECHREPORT{carr:tr77,
  NUMBER = {A. I. Memo 406},
  TITLE = {Overlays: a theory of modeling for computer-aided
                 instruction},
  AUTHOR = {Brian Carr and Ira P. Goldstein},
  INSTITUTION = {MIT},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1977},
  KEY = {overlay}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cartwr:cogsci94,
  TITLE = {Segmenting speech without a lexicon: Evidence for a
                 bootstrapping model of lexical acquisition},
  AUTHOR = {Timothy A. Cartwright and Michael R. Brent},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the
                 Cognitive Science Society},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@ARTICLE{caruana:mlj97,
  AUTHOR = {Rich Caruana},
  YEAR = {1997},
  TITLE = {Multitask Learning},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {28},
  PAGES = {41--75},
  KEY = {}
}


@PHDTHESIS{catino:thesis93,
  AUTHOR = {Catherine A. Catino},
  TITLE = {Automated Modeling of Chemical Plants with Application
                 to Hazard and Operability Studies},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
                 Pennsylvania},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{catizone:law93,
  TITLE = {Deriving Translation Data from Bilingual Texts},
  AUTHOR = {R. Catizone and G. Russell and S. Warwick},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Lexical
                 Acquisition Workshop},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PLACE = {Detroit, MI}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{catlett:ml91,
  TITLE = {Megainduction: {A} Test Flight},
  AUTHOR = {Jason Catlett},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  PAGES = {596--599}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cauwenberghs:nips00,
  AUTHOR = {Gert Cauwenberghs and Tomaso Poggio},
  TITLE = {Incremental and Decremental Support Vector Machine
                   Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems},
  PAGES = {409-415},
  URL = {http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/nips/nips2000.html#CauwenberghsP00},
  YEAR = 2000
}


@INCOLLECTION{cestnik:bkchapter87,
  EDITOR = {Ivan Bratko and Nada Lavrac},
  BOOKTITLE = {{Progress in machine learning}},
  TITLE = {{ASSISTANT} 86: {A} Knowledge Elicitation Tool for
                 Sophisticated Uses.},
  AUTHOR = {B. Cestnik and I. Kononenko and I. Bratko},
  ADDRESS = {Wilmslow},
  PUBLISHER = {Sigma Press},
  YEAR = {1987}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cestnik:ecai90,
  AUTHOR = {Bojan Cestnik},
  TITLE = {Estimating probabilities: {A} crucial task in machine
                 learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence},
  PAGES = {147--149},
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Stockholm, Sweden},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{chai:aaai99,
  TITLE = {Two Dimensional Generalization in Information
                 Extraction},
  AUTHOR = {Joyce Yue Chai and Alan W. Biermann and Curry I.
                 Guinn},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99)},
  ADDRESS = {Orlando, FL},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {431--438},
  KEY = {TIMES},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@ARTICLE{chai:aimag02,
  TITLE = {Natural Language Assistant: A Dialog System for Online Product Recommendation},
  AUTHOR = {Joyce Yue Chai and Veronika Horvath and Nicolas Nicolov and Margo Stys and Nanda Kambhatla and Wlodek Zadrozny and Prem Melville},
  JOURNAL = {AI Magazine},
  YEAR = 2002,
  VOLUME = 23,
  NUMBER = 2,
  PAGES = {63-76}
}


@BOOK{chakrabarti:book02,
  AUTHOR = {Soumen Chakrabarti},
  TITLE = {Mining the {W}eb: {A}nalysis of Hypertext and Semi Structured Data},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {2002},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA}
}


@BOOK{chakrabarti:book03,
  AUTHOR = {Soumen Chakrabarti},
  TITLE = {Mining the Web},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@BOOK{chang:book73,
  TITLE = {Symbolic Logic and Mechanical Theorem Proving},
  AUTHOR = {C. L. Chang and R. C. Lee},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  ADDRESS = {Bethesda, MD},
  YEAR = {1973},
  KEY = {logic}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{charniak:aaai86,
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak},
  TITLE = {A Neat Theory of Marker Passing},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-86)},
  YEAR = {1986},
  PAGES = {584--588},
  ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, PA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{charniak:aaai90,
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak and Solomon E. Shimony},
  TITLE = {Probabilistic Semantics for Cost Based Abduction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90)},
  YEAR = {1990},
  PAGES = {106--111},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{charniak:aaai91,
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak and Robert Goldman},
  TITLE = {A Probabilistic Model of Plan Recognition},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-91)},
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {160--165},
  ADDRESS = {Anaheim, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{charniak:aaai93,
  TITLE = {Equations for Part-of-Speech Tagging},
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak and Curtis Hendrickson and Neil
                 Jacobson and Mike Perkowitz},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-93)},
  PAGES = {784--789},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, D.C.},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{charniak:aaai94,
  TITLE = {Context-Sensitive Statistics for Improved Grammatical
                 Language Models},
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak and Glenn Carroll},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGE = {676--681},
  KEY = {},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{charniak:aaai96,
  TITLE = {Tree-Bank Grammars},
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96)},
  ADDRESS = {Portland, OR},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {1031--1036},
  KEY = {PCFG empirical NLP},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@ARTICLE{charniak:ai88,
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak},
  TITLE = {Motivation Analysis, Abductive Unification, and
                 Nonmonotonic Equality},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1988},
  VOLUME = {34},
  PAGES = {275--295}
}


@ARTICLE{charniak:ai93,
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak and Robert P. Goldman},
  TITLE = {A {Bayesian} model of Plan Recognition},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1993},
  VOLUME = {64},
  PAGES = {53--79}
}


@ARTICLE{charniak:aimag91,
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak},
  TITLE = {Bayesian Networks Without Tears},
  JOURNAL = {AI Magazine},
  YEAR = {1991},
  VOLUME = {12},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {50--63}
}


@ARTICLE{charniak:aimag97,
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak},
  TITLE = {Statistical Techniques for Natural Language Parsing},
  JOURNAL = {AI Magazine},
  YEAR = {1997},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {33--43}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{charniak:anlp-naacl00,
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak and Yasemin Altun and Rodrigo de Salvo
                 Braz and Benjamin Garrett and Margaret Kosmala and
                 Tomer Moscovich and Lixin Pang and Changhee Pyo and Ye
                 Sun and Wei Wy and Zhongfa Yang and Shawn Zeller and
                 Lisa Zorn},
  TITLE = {Reading Comprehension Programs in a
                 Statistical-Language-Processing Class},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of ANLP-NAACL Workshop on Reading
                 Comprehension Tests as Evaluation for Computer-Based
                 Lanugage Understanding Systems},
  PAGES = {1--5},
  YEAR = {2000},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA}
}


@BOOK{charniak:book76,
  EDITOR = {Eugene Charniak and Yorick Wilks},
  TITLE = {Computational Semantics},
  PUBLISHER = {North-Holland},
  ADDRESS = {Amsterdam},
  YEAR = {1976}
}


@BOOK{charniak:book85,
  TITLE = {Introduction to {AI}},
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak and Drew McDermott},
  PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley},
  ADDRESS = {Reading, MA},
  YEAR = {1985},
  KEY = {intro}
}


@BOOK{charniak:book87,
  TITLE = {Artificial Intelligence Programming (2nd Ed)},
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak and Christopher Riesbeck and Drew
                 McDermott and James Meehan},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {AIP}
}


@BOOK{charniak:book93,
  TITLE = {Statistical Language Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{charniak:ci87,
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak},
  TITLE = {Logic and Explanation},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1987},
  VOLUME = {3},
  PAGES = {172--174}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{charniak:ijcai89,
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak and Robert P. Goldman},
  TITLE = {A Semantics for Probabilistic Quantifier-Free
                 First-Order Languages, with Particular Application to
                 Story Understanding},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{charniak:naacl00,
  TITLE = {A Maximum-Entropy-Inspired Parser},
  AUTHOR = {E. Charniak},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Meeting of the North American
                 Association for Computational Linguistics},
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{charniak:tinlp78,
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak},
  TITLE = {With a Spoon in Hand this Must be the Eating Frame},
  BOOKTITLE = {Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing 2},
  YEAR = {1978},
  PAGES = {187--193},
  ADDRESS = {Urbana, IL}
}


@TECHREPORT{charniak:tr72,
  TITLE = {Toward a Model of Children's Story Comprehension},
  AUTHOR = {Eugene Charniak},
  INSTITUTION = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts
                 Institute of Technology},
  NUMBER = {TR266},
  YEAR = {1972}
}


@MISC{charras:tr98,
  TITLE = {Sequence comparison {\footnotesize
                  \verb+http://www-igm.univ-mlv.fr/~lecroq/seqcomp+}},
  AUTHOR = {Christian Charras and Thierry Lecroq},
  YEAR = 1998,
  HOWPUBLISHED = {Laboratoire d'Informatique de Rouen et Atelier
                  Biologie Informatique Statistique
                  Socio-Linguistique, Universit'e de Rouen, France},
  KEY = {String comparison}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{chase:ml89,
  TITLE = {Approximating Learned Search Control Knowledge},
  AUTHOR = {M. Chase and M. Zweben and R. Piazza and J. Burger and
                 P. Maglio and H. Hirsh},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {40--42},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Ithaca, NY},
  KEY = {ebg}
}


@BOOK{chauvin:book95,
  TITLE = {Backpropagation: Theory Architectures, and
                 Applications},
  EDITOR = {Yves Chauvin and David E. Rumelhart},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  YEAR = {1995},
  KEY = {backprop}
}


@INCOLLECTION{chauvin:nips89,
  EDITOR = {David S. Touretzky},
  BOOKTITLE = {{Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
                 1}},
  ANNOTE = {[Collected papers of the {IEEE} Conference on Neural
                 Information Processing Systems - Natural and Synthetic,
                 Denver, Nov. 28-Dec. 1, 1988]},
  TITLE = {A back-propagation algorithm with optimal use of
                 hidden units},
  AUTHOR = {Yves Chauvin},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  PAGES = {519--526},
  YEAR = {1989}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cheeseman:aaai88,
  TITLE = {Bayesian Classification},
  AUTHOR = {P. Cheeseman and M. Self and J. Kelly and W. Taylor
                 and D. Freeman and J. Stutz},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-88)},
  PAGES = {607--617},
  YEAR = {1988},
  ADDRESS = {St. Paul, MN},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{cheng:jpsp90,
  AUTHOR = {Patricia W. Cheng and Laura R. Novick},
  TITLE = {A probabilistic contrast model of causal induction},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  YEAR = {1990},
  VOLUME = {58},
  PAGES = {545--567}
}


@ARTICLE{cheng:psyrev92,
  AUTHOR = {Patricia W. Cheng and Laura R. Novick},
  TITLE = {Covariation in natural causal induction},
  JOURNAL = {Psychological Review},
  YEAR = {1992},
  VOLUME = {99},
  PAGES = {365--382}
}


@MISC{cheng:tr91a,
  AUTHOR = {Shan-Hwei Nienhuys-Cheng},
  TITLE = {Flattening, Generalizations of Clauses and Absorption Algorithms},
  YEAR = 1991,
  URL = {citeseer.nj.nec.com/294304.html}
}


@MISC{cheng:tr91b,
  AUTHOR = {Shan-Hwei Nienhuys-Cheng},
  TITLE = {Term Partitions and Minimal Generalizations of Clauses},
  YEAR = 1991,
  URL = {citeseer.nj.nec.com/291869.html}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{chennubhotla:iccv01,
  AUTHOR = {Chakra Chennubhotla and Allan Jepson},
  TITLE = {Sparse {PCA}: Extracting Multi-scale Structure from
                  Data},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
                  Computer Vision (ICCV)},
  ADDRESS = {Vancouver, Canada},
  MONTH = {July},
  YEAR = 2001,
  PAGES = {641--647}
}


@BOOK{cheong:book96,
  TITLE = {Internet Agents: Spiders, Wanderers, Brokers, and
                 Bots},
  AUTHOR = {Fah-Chun Cheong},
  PUBLISHER = {New Riders},
  YEAR = {1996},
  ADDRESS = {Indianapolis, IN},
  KEY = {IR}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{chiang:widm-wkshp03,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on
                  Web Information and Data Management(WIDM-2003)},
  EDITOR = {Roger Chiang and Alberto Laender and Ee-Peng Lim},
  ADDRESS = {New Orleans, LA},
  PUBLISHER = {ACM},
  MONTH = NOV,
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{chien:aaai96,
  TITLE = {Hierarchical Task Network and Operator-Based Planning:
                 Competing or Complementary?},
  AUTHOR = {Steve Chien and Tara Estlin and XueMei Wang},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96)},
  MONTH = {},
  YEAR = {1996},
  ADDRESS = {},
  KEY = {DPLAN}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{chien:aips94,
  TITLE = {Incremental Reasoning in Explanation-Based Learning of
                 Plans},
  AUTHOR = {Steve Chien and Gerald F. DeJong},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference of
                 AI Planning Systems},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1994},
  ADDRESS = {Chicago},
  KEY = {}
}


@INCOLLECTION{chien:bkchapter96,
  TITLE = {Why Real-World Planning is Difficult: {A} Tale of Two
                 Applications},
  AUTHOR = {Steve Chien and Randall Hill and XueMei Wang and Tara
                 Estlin and Kristina Fayyad and Helen Mortensen},
  BOOKTITLE = {New Directions in AI Planning},
  EDITOR = {M. Ghallab and A. Milani},
  PUBLISHER = {IOS Press},
  ADDRESS = {Amsterdam},
  PAGES = {287--298},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{chien:ijcai89,
  TITLE = {Using and Refining Simplifications: Explanation-Based
                 Learning of Plans in Intractable Domains},
  AUTHOR = {Steve Chien},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  PAGES = {590--595},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  KEY = {ebl intractible}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{chien:sopl94,
  AUTHOR = {Steve Chien},
  TITLE = {Towards an Intelligent Planning Knowledge Base
                 Development Environment},
  BOOKTITLE = {AAAI-94 Fall Symposium on Planning and Learning},
  YEAR = {1994},
  MONTH = OCT,
  ADDRESS = {New Orleans, LA},
  PAGES = {23--27}
}


@TECHREPORT{chien:tr96,
  TITLE = {Hierarchical Task Network and Operator-Based Planning:
                 Competing or Complementary?},
  AUTHOR = {Steve Chien and Tara Estlin and XueMei Wang},
  INSTITUTION = {NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory},
  NUMBER = {D-13390},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{chieu:conll03,
  AUTHOR = {Hai Leong Chieu and Hwee Tou Ng},
  TITLE = {Named Entity Recognition with a Maximum Entropy Approach},
  BOOKTITLE = {CoNLL-2003},
  YEAR = 2003,
  PAGES = {160--163}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{childers:aps96,
  AUTHOR = {Jane. B. Childers},
  TITLE = {Children's Use of Syntactic Cues: Difficulties with
                 Word Order},
  BOOKTITLE = {Poster presented at the meeting of the American
                 Psychological Society},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@PHDTHESIS{childers:thesis98,
  TITLE = {The interaction of animacy and the agent category in
                 language acquisition},
  AUTHOR = {Jane B. Childers},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {University of Texas},
  INSTITUTION = {Department of Psychology},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1998},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{chomsky:book57,
  AUTHOR = {Noam Chomsky},
  TITLE = {Syntactic Structures},
  PUBLISHER = {Mouton \& Co.},
  ADDRESS = {The Hague},
  YEAR = {1957}
}


@BOOK{chomsky:gb88,
  TITLE = {Lectures on Government and Binding, 
                  the {Pisa} lectures},
  AUTHOR = {Noam Chomsky},
  PUBLISHER = {Floris Publications},
  ADDRESS = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands and Providence, Rhode
                 Island},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{chomsky:lang59,
  TITLE = {Review of {Skinner's `Verbal Behavior'}},
  AUTHOR = {Noam Chomsky},
  JOURNAL = {Language},
  VOLUME = {35},
  PAGES = {26--58},
  YEAR = {1959},
  KEY = {}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{christiansen:ms97,
  AUTHOR = {M. H. Christiansen and J. Allen and M. S. Seidenberg},
  TITLE = {Learning to segment speech using multiple cues: 
                  {A} connectionist model},
  NOTE = {Manuscript, University of Southern California},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{chucarrol:acl97,
  AUTHOR = {Jennifer Chu-Carroll and M. Brown},
  TITLE = {Tracking Initiative in Collaborative Dialogue
                 Interactions},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-97)},
  YEAR = {1997},
  ADDRESS = {Montreal, Canada}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{church:anlp88,
  TITLE = {A Stochastic Parts Program and Noun Phrase Parser for
                 Unrestricted Text},
  AUTHOR = {Kenneth W. Church},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Applied
                 Natural Language Processing},
  PUBLISHER = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  PAGES = {136--143},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1988}
}


@ARTICLE{church:compling82,
  TITLE = {Coping with Syntactic Ambiguity or How to Put the
                 Block in the Box on the Table},
  AUTHOR = {Kenneth W. Church and Ramesh Patil},
  JOURNAL = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {8},
  NUMBER = {3-4},
  PAGES = {139--149},
  YEAR = {1982},
  KEY = {catalan numbers}
}


@ARTICLE{church:compling90,
  TITLE = {Word Association Norms, Mutual Information and
                 Lexicography},
  AUTHOR = {Kenneth W. Church and Patrick W. Hanks},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {16},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {22--29},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@ARTICLE{church:compling93,
  TITLE = {Introduction to the Special Issue on Computational
                 Linguistics Using Large Corpora},
  AUTHOR = {Kenneth W. Church and R. L. Mercer},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {19},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {1--24},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{ciravegna:atem-wkshp03,
  TITLE = {Papers from the 14th European Conference on Machine Learning({ECML-2003})
                  and the 7th European Conference on Principles and Practice of
                  Knowledge Discovery in Databases({PKDD-2003}) Workshop on Adaptive
                  Text Extraction and Mining},
  EDITOR = {Fabio Ciravegna and Nicholas Kushmerick},
  ADDRESS = {Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia},
  MONTH = SEP,
  YEAR = {2003},
  KEY = {text mining}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{ciravegna:ecai-wkshp00,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Artificial 
                  Intelligence(ECAI-2000) Workshop on Machine Learning for
                  Information Extraction},
  EDITOR = {Fabio Ciravegna and Roberto Basili and Robert Gaizauskas},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin, Germany},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INCOLLECTION{clancey:bkchapter84,
  AUTHOR = {W. J. Clancey},
  TITLE = {{NEOMYCIN}: Reconfiguring a Rule-Based System with
                 Application to Teaching},
  BOOKTITLE = {Reading in Medical Artificial Intelligence},
  EDITOR = {W. J. Clancey and E. H. Shortliffe},
  PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley},
  PAGES = {361--381},
  YEAR = {1984},
  KEY = {expert systems}
}


@INCOLLECTION{clark:bkchapter78,
  AUTHOR = {K. Clark},
  TITLE = {Negation as Failure},
  BOOKTITLE = {Logic and Data Bases},
  EDITOR = {H. Gallaire and J. Minker},
  PUBLISHER = {Plenum Press},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  YEAR = {1978},
  KEY = {EITHER}
}


@BOOK{clark:book92,
  TITLE = {Arenas of language use},
  AUTHOR = {Herbert Clark},
  PUBLISHER = {The University of Chicago Press},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@BOOK{clark:book96,
  TITLE = {Using Language},
  AUTHOR = {Herbert Clark},
  PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@ARTICLE{clark:cognition86,
  TITLE = {Referring as a collaborative process},
  AUTHOR = {H. Clark and D. Wilkes-Gibbs},
  JOURNAL = {Cognition},
  VOLUME = {22},
  PAGES = {1--39},
  YEAR = {1986}
}


@ARTICLE{clark:cogsci89,
  TITLE = {Contributing to Discourse},
  AUTHOR = {H. Clark and E. Schaefer},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  VOLUME = {13},
  PAGES = {259--294},
  YEAR = {1989},
  ABSTRACT = {Model of discourse emphasizing the fact that
                 contributions to discourse are jointly constructed. An
                 utterance is only completed when the mutual belief is
                 established that the utterance is understood. This may
                 involve various types of acknowledgments and repair
                 move, leading to a complex hierarchical structure of
                 contributions (acknowledgments, questions and repair
                 initiators are also contributions which require some
                 acknowledgment, even if just by continuing attention or
                 continuing the discourse at the same level.}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{clark:mlec91,
  TITLE = {Rule Induction with {CN2}: Some Recent Improvements},
  AUTHOR = {Peter Clark and Robin Boswell},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning: Proceedings of the Fifth European
                 Conference},
  PAGES = {151--163},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@ARTICLE{clark:mlj89,
  TITLE = {The {CN2} Induction Algorithm},
  AUTHOR = {P. Clark and T. Niblett},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {3},
  PAGES = {261--284},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{clearwater:ml89,
  TITLE = {Incremental Batch Learning},
  AUTHOR = {S. H. Clearwater and T. P. Cheng and H. Hirsh and B.
                 G. Buchanan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Ithaca, NY},
  PAGES = {366--370}
}


@BOOK{clement:book91,
  TITLE = {Logic Program Synthesis and Transformation:
                 Proceedings of {LOPSTR}'91, International Workshop on
                 Logic {PR}ogram Synthesis and Transformation},
  EDITOR = {T. P. Clement and K. Lau},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{clifton:pkdd99,
  AUTHOR = {Chris Clifton and Robert Cooley},
  TITLE = {Top{C}at: Data Mining for Topic Identification in a 
                 Text Corpus},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of Third European Conference of Principles
                 and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in
                 Databases(PKDD-99)},
  EDITOR = {Jan M. Zytkow and Jan Rauch},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Prague, Czech Replublic},
  PAGES = {174--183},
  MONTH = SEP,
  YEAR = {1999},
  NOTE = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 1704}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{coen:ie98,
  AUTHOR = {M. Coen},
  TITLE = {Design principles for intelligent environments},
  BOOKTITLE = {AAAI Spring Symposium on Intelligent Environments},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:aaai90,
  TITLE = {Learning From Textbook Knowledge: {A} Case Study},
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90)},
  PAGES = {743--748},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA},
  KEY = {ana ebl}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:aaai93,
  TITLE = {Pac-Learning a Restricted Class of Recursive Logic
                 Programs},
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-93)},
  PAGES = {86--92},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, D.C.},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:aaai94,
  TITLE = {Pac-learning Nondeterminate Clauses},
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {676--681},
  KEY = {ILP, PAC theory},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:aaai96,
  TITLE = {Learning Trees and Rules with Set-Valued Features},
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96)},
  ADDRESS = {Portland, OR},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {709--716},
  KEY = {RIPPER},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@ARTICLE{cohen:aimag91,
  TITLE = {A Survey of the {Eighth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence}: Pulling Together or Pulling
                 Apart},
  AUTHOR = {P. Cohen},
  JOURNAL = {AI Magazine},
  YEAR = {1991},
  VOLUME = {12},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {16--41}
}


@INCOLLECTION{cohen:bkchapter75,
  TITLE = {Infant visual memory},
  AUTHOR = {L. B. Cohen and E. R. Gerber},
  BOOKTITLE = {Infant perception: From sensation to cognition, Vol.1.
                 Basic Visual Processes},
  EDITOR = {L. Cohen and S. Salapatek},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  PAGES = {347--403},
  YEAR = {1975},
  KEY = {}
}


@INCOLLECTION{cohen:bkchapter96,
  TITLE = {Learning to Classify {English} Text with {ILP} Methods},
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Inductive Logic Programming},
  EDITOR = {Luc {De Raedt}},
  PUBLISHER = {IOS Press},
  ADDRESS = {Amsterdam},
  PAGES = {124--143},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {Ripper, Flipper, text categorization}
}


@INCOLLECTION{cohen:bkchapter98,
  TITLE = {The development of infant causal perception},
  AUTHOR = {L. B. Cohen and G. Amsel and M. A. Redford and M.
                 Casasola},
  BOOKTITLE = {Perceptual development: Visual, auditory, and speech
                 perception in infancy},
  EDITOR = {A. Slater},
  PUBLISHER = {University College London Press and Taylor and
                 Francis},
  ADDRESS = {London},
  YEAR = {in press},
  KEY = {}
}


@INCOLLECTION{cohen:categ,
  TITLE = {An information-processing approach to infant cognitive
                 development},
  AUTHOR = {L. Cohen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Thought without language},
  EDITOR = {L. Weiskrantz},
  PUBLISHER = {Clarenden},
  ADDRESS = {Oxford},
  PAGES = {211--228},
  YEAR = {1988}
}


@ARTICLE{cohen:devpsych93,
  AUTHOR = {L. B. Cohen and L. M. Oakes},
  TITLE = {How infants perceive a simple causal event},
  JOURNAL = {Developmental Psychology},
  VOLUME = {29},
  PAGES = {421--433},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:iaai03,
  AUTHOR = {William Cohen},
  TITLE = {Infrastructure Components for Large-Scale
                  Information Extraction Systems},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth Innovative Applications of 
                  Artificial Intelligence Conference (IAAI-03)},
  YEAR = 2003,
  PAGES = {71--78}
}


@ARTICLE{cohen:ibd,
  AUTHOR = {L. B. Cohen and G. Amsel},
  TITLE = {Precursors to Infants' Perception of Causality},
  JOURNAL = {Infant Behavior and Development},
  YEAR = {in press}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:icas98,
  AUTHOR = {L. B. Cohen and L. J. Rundell and B. A. Spellman and
                 C. Cashon},
  TITLE = {Infants' Perception of Causal Chains},
  BOOKTITLE = {Poster presented at International Conference on Infant
                 Studies},
  ADDRESS = {Atlanta, GA},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@ARTICLE{cohen:jair99,
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen and Robert E. Schapire and Yoram
                 Singer},
  TITLE = {Learning to Order Things},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {10},
  PAGES = {243--270},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:kdd00,
  TITLE = {Hardening Soft Information Sources},
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen and Henry Kautz and David
                 McAllester},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on
                 Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-2000)},
  YEAR = {2000},
  MONTH = AUG,
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA},
  KEY = {Hardening, Information integration}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:kdd02,
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen and Jacob Richman},
  TITLE = {Learning to Match and Cluster Large High-Dimensional
                  Data Sets for Data Integration},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth ACM SIGKDD International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2002)},
  YEAR = 2002,
  ADDRESS = {Edmonton, Alberta}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:kdd03,
  AUTHOR = {William Cohen and Richard Wang and Robert Murphy},
  TITLE = {Understanding Captions in Biomedical Publications},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth ACM SIGKDD International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2003)},
  YEAR = 2003,
  PAGES = {499--504}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:kdd98,
  TITLE = {Joins that Generalize: Text Classification Using
                 {WHIRL}},
  AUTHOR = {Willima W. Cohen and Haym Hirsh},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on
                 Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-98)},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {169--173},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:ml90,
  TITLE = {Learning Approximate Control Rules of High Utility},
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-90)},
  PAGES = {268--276},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {ANA-EBL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:ml91,
  TITLE = {The Generality of Over-Generality},
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1991},
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  PAGES = {490--495}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:ml92,
  TITLE = {Compiling Prior Knowledge into an Explicit Bias},
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-92)},
  PAGES = {102--110},
  MONTH = JUL,
  ADDRESS = {Aberdeen, Scotland},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {GRENDEL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:ml95,
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  TITLE = {Text Categorization and Relational Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-95)},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {124--132}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:ml95a,
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  TITLE = {Fast Effective Rule Induction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-95)},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {115--123},
  KEY = {Ripper}
}


@ARTICLE{cohen:mlj92,
  TITLE = {Abductive Explanation-Based Learning: {A} Solution to
                 the Multiple Inconsistent Explanation Problem},
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {8},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {167--219},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {A-EBL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:nips03,
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  TITLE = {Improving a Page Classifier with Anchor Extraction and Link Analysis},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15},
  EDITOR = {S. Becker and S. Thrun and K. Obermayer},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  PAGES = {1481--1488},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:sigir01-wkshp,
  TITLE = {Learning to Match and Cluster Entity Names},
  AUTHOR = {William Cohen and Jacob Richman},
  BOOKTITLE = {ACM SIGIR-2001 Workshop on Mathematical/Formal Methods
                 in Information Retrieval},
  YEAR = {2001},
  MONTH = SEP,
  ADDRESS = {New Orleans, LA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:sigmod98,
  TITLE = {Providing Database-Like Access to the Web Using
                 Queries Based on Textual Similarity},
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMOD International
                 Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD-98)},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {558--560},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  KEY = {WHIRL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:sigmod98a,
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  TITLE = {Integration of heterogeneous databases without
                  common domains using queries based on textual
                  similarity},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMOD International
                 Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD-98)},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {201--212},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:ss-mlia96,
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen},
  TITLE = {Learning Rules that Classify {E}-Mail},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the AAAI Spring Symposium on Machine
                 Learning in Information Access},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PAGES = {18--25},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:www00,
  TITLE = {Web-Collaborative Filtering: Recommending Music by
                 Crawling the Web},
  AUTHOR = {W. W. Cohen and W. Fan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Ninth International World Wide Web Conference},
  ADDRESS = {Amsterdam},
  YEAR = {2000},
  KEY = {recommender systems, collaborative filtering}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:www02,
  AUTHOR = {William W. Cohen and Matthew Hurst and Lee S. Jensen},
  TITLE = {A flexible learning system for wrapping tables and 
                  lists in {HTML} documents},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International World Wide
                 Web Conference (WWW-2002)},
  ADDRESS = {Honolulu, HI},
  PUBLISHER = {ACM},
  PAGES = {232--241},
  MONTH = MAY,
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cohen:www99,
  AUTHOR = {William Cohen and Wei Fan},
  TITLE = {Learning Page-Independent Heuristics for Extracting
                  Data from Web Pages},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International World Wide Web Conference (WWW-99)},
  YEAR = 1999
}


@ARTICLE{cohn:jair96,
  AUTHOR = {David A. Cohn and Zoubin Ghahramani and Michael I. Jordan},
  TITLE = {Active Learning with Statistical Models},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  PAGES = {129--145},
  VOLUME = 4,
  YEAR = 1996
}


@ARTICLE{cohn:mlj94,
  TITLE = {Improving Generalization with Active Learning},
  AUTHOR = {D. Cohn and L. Atlas and R. Ladner},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {15},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {201--221},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {}
}


@TECHREPORT{cohn:tr03,
  AUTHOR = {David Cohn and Rich Caruana and Andrew McCallum},
  TITLE = {Semi-supervised Clustering with User Feedback},
  INSTITUTION = {Cornell University},
  YEAR = {2003},
  NUMBER = {TR2003-1892}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{cohn:unpublished00,
  AUTHOR = {David Cohn and Rich Caruana and Andrew McCallum},
  TITLE = {Semi-supervised Clustering with User Feedback},
  NOTE = {Unpublished manuscript. Available at
                 {\verb+http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~mccallum/+}},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@TECHREPORT{coiera:tr89,
  AUTHOR = {Enrico Coiera},
  TITLE = {Generating Qualitative Models From Example
                 Behaviours},
  INSTITUTION = {University of New South Wales},
  YEAR = {1989},
  NUMBER = {8901}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{collier:coling00,
  AUTHOR = {N. Collier and C. No and J. Tsujii},
  TITLE = {Extracting the names of genes and gene products with a {H}idden {M}arkov {M}odel},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighteenth International
                   Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  ADDRESS = {Saarbruken, Germany},
  YEAR = {2000},
  PAGES = {201--207}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{collier:eacl99,
  AUTHOR = {N. Collier and H. Park and N. Ogata and Y. Tateisi and C. Nobata and T.Ohta and T. Sekimizu and H. Imai and K. Ibushi and J. Tsujii},
  TITLE = {The {GENIA} Project: Corpus-based Knowledge Acquisition and Information Extraction from Genome Research Papers},
  BOOKTITLE = {Ninth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association 
for Computational Linguistics (EACL-99)},
  YEAR = 1999,
  PAGES = {271--272},
  ADDRESS = {Bergen}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{collins:acl02,
  AUTHOR = { Michael Collins},
  TITLE = {Ranking Algorithms for Named-Entity Extraction: Boosting and the Voted Perceptron},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-02)},
  YEAR = 2002
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{collins:acl96,
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Collins},
  TITLE = {A New Statistical Parser Based on Bigram Lexical
                 Dependencies},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PAGES = {184--191},
  ADDRESS = {Santa Cruz, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{collins:acl97,
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Collins},
  TITLE = {Three generative, lexicalised models for statistical
                 parsing},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-97)},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PAGES = {16--23}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{collins:emnlp99,
  AUTHOR = {Michael Collins and Yoram Singer},
  TITLE = {Unsupervised Models for Named Entity Classification},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in
                 Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora
                 (EMNLP/VLC-99)},
  ADDRESS = {University of Maryland},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@PHDTHESIS{collins:thesis99,
  AUTHOR = {Michael Collins},
  TITLE = {Head-driven Statistical Models for Natural Language
                 Parsing},
  SCHOOL = {University of Pennsylvania},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{collins:wvlc95,
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Collins and J. Brooks},
  TITLE = {Propositional Phrase Attachment through a Back-off
                 Model},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very Large
                 Corpora},
  YEAR = {1995},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@ARTICLE{comon:sp94,
  AUTHOR = {Pierre Comon},
  TITLE = {{\it Independent component analysis}, a new concept?},
  JOURNAL = {Signal Processing},
  VOLUME = 36,
  PAGES = {287--314},
  YEAR = 1994
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{connolly:ml93,
  AUTHOR = {Dennis Connolly},
  TITLE = {Constructing Hidden Variables in {Bayesian} Networks
                 via Conceptual Clustering},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-93)},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PAGES = {65--72},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Amherst, MA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{conrad:sigir94,
  AUTHOR = {Jack G. Conrad and Mary Hunter Utt},
  TITLE = {A System for Discovering Relationships by Feature
                 Extraction from Text Databases},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of Seventeenth International ACM SIGIR 
                 Conference on Research and Development in Information
                 Retrieval (SIGIR-94)},
  EDITOR = {W. Bruce Croft and C. J. {van Rijsbergen}},
  PUBLISHER = {ACM / Springer},
  ADDRESS = {Dublin, Ireland},
  PAGES = {260--270},
  MON = JUL,
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@BOOK{cook:book89,
  AUTHOR = {Walter Cook},
  TITLE = {Case Grammar Theory},
  PUBLISHER = {Georgetown Univ. Press},
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Washington D. C.}
}


@ARTICLE{cook:is00,
  TITLE = {Graph-Based Data Mining},
  AUTHOR = {D. J. Cook and L. B. Holder},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Intelligent Systems},
  VOLUME = {15},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {32--41},
  YEAR = {2000},
  KEY = {SUBDUE}
}


@ARTICLE{cook:jair94,
  AUTHOR = {D. J. Cook and L. B. Holder},
  TITLE = {Substructure Discovery Using Minimum Description
                 Length and Background Knowledge},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {1},
  PAGES = {231--255},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{cooper:ai90,
  AUTHOR = {G. Cooper},
  TITLE = {Computational complexity of probabilistic inference
                 using {B}ayesian belief networks (Research note).},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1990},
  VOLUME = {42},
  PAGES = {393--405},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@ARTICLE{cooper:mlj92,
  TITLE = {A {B}ayesian Method for the Induction of Probabilistic
                 Networks from Data},
  AUTHOR = {G. G. Cooper and E. Herskovits},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {9},
  PAGES = {309--347},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@TECHREPORT{cooper:tr87,
  NUMBER = {KSL-87-27},
  TITLE = {Probabilistic Inference Using Belief Networks is
                 {NP}-Hard},
  AUTHOR = {G. F. Cooper},
  INSTITUTION = {Medical Computer Science Group, Stanford Univ.},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {Bayesian Networks}
}


@ARTICLE{copestake:mt95,
  TITLE = {Acquisition of Lexical Translation Relations from
                 {MRDS}},
  AUTHOR = {A. Copestake and T. Briscoe and P. Vossen and A. Ageno
                 and I. Castellon and F. Ribas and G. Rigan and H.
                 Rodr\'{\i}guez and A. Samiotou},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Translation},
  VOLUME = {9},
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@ARTICLE{cost:mlj93,
  TITLE = {A Weighted Nearest Neighbor Algorithm for Learning
                 with Symbolic Features},
  AUTHOR = {S. Cost and S. Salzberg},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {10},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {57--78},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {instance-based knn PEBLS}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cotter:iaai00,
  TITLE = {{PTV}: Intelligent Personalized {TV} Guides},
  AUTHOR = {P. Cotter and B. Smyth},
  BOOKTITLE = {Twelfth Conference on Innovative Applications of
                 Artificial Intelligence},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  PAGES = {957--964},
  KEY = {recommender systems, collaborative filtering},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cottrell:cogsc91,
  TITLE = {Learning the Past Tense in a Recurrent Network:
                 Acquiring the Mapping from Meaning to Sounds},
  AUTHOR = {G. Cotrell and K. Plunkett},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of
                 the Cognitive Science Society},
  YEAR = {1991},
  ADDRESS = {Chicago, IL},
  PAGES = {328--333},
  KEY = {FLIP}
}


@BOOK{cover&thomas:bk91,
  AUTHOR = {T. M. Cover and J. A. Thomas},
  TITLE = {Elements of Information Theory},
  PUBLISHER = {Wiley},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  YEAR = 1991
}


@BOOK{cover:book91,
  AUTHOR = {T. M. Cover and J. A. Thomas},
  TITLE = {Elements of Information Theory},
  PUBLISHER = {Wiley-Interscience},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@ARTICLE{cover:ieee65,
  AUTHOR = {T.M. Cover},
  TITLE = {Geometrical and statistical properties of systems of
                  linear inequalities with applications in pattern
                  recognition},
  YEAR = 1965,
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers},
  VOLUME = {EC--14},
  PAGES = {326--334},
  KEYWORD = {Cover's theorem}
}


@ARTICLE{cover:it67,
  TITLE = {Nearest Neighbor Pattern Classification},
  AUTHOR = {T. M. Cover and P. E. Hart},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Information Theory},
  VOLUME = {13},
  PAGES = {21--27},
  YEAR = {1967},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{cowie:cacm96,
  TITLE = {Information Extraction},
  AUTHOR = {J. Cowie and W. Lehnert},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {39},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {80--91},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cox:cade86,
  AUTHOR = {P. T. Cox and T. Pietrzykowski},
  TITLE = {Causes for Events: Their Computation and
                 Applications},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on
                 Automated Deduction},
  YEAR = {1986},
  PAGES = {608--621},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  NOTE = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science 230}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cox:slp87,
  AUTHOR = {P. T. Cox and T. Pietrzykowski},
  TITLE = {General Diagnosis by Abductive Inference},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1987 Symposium on Logic
                 Programming},
  YEAR = {1987},
  PAGES = {183--189}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{craven:aaai98,
  AUTHOR = {Mark Craven and Dan DiPasquo and Dayne Freitag and
                 Andrew McCallum and Tom Mitchell and Kamal Nigam and
                 Sean Slattery},
  TITLE = {Learning to Extract Symbolic Knowledge from the
                 {W}orld {Wide} {W}eb},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-98)},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {509--516}
}


@ARTICLE{craven:ai00,
  AUTHOR = {Mark Craven and Dan DiPasquo and Dayne Freitag and
                 Andrew McCallum and Tom Mitchell and Kamal Nigam and
                 Sean Slattery},
  TITLE = {Learning to construct knowledge bases from the {W}orld
                 {W}ide {W}eb},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {118},
  NUMBER = {1-2},
  PAGES = {69--113},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{craven:ismb99,
  TITLE = {Constructing Biological Knowledge Bases by Extracting
                 Information from Text Sources},
  AUTHOR = {M. Craven and J. Kumlien},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on
                 Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB-1999)},
  ADDRESS = {Heidelberg, Germany},
  PAGES = {77--86},
  KEY = {IE CompBio},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{craven:ml00,
  AUTHOR = {Mark Craven and David Page and Jude Shavlik and Joseph
                 Bockhorst and Jeremy Glasner},
  TITLE = {Using Multiple Levels of Learning and Diverse Evidence
                 Sources to Uncover Coordinately Controlled Genes},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International
                 Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-2000)},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  PAGES = {199--206},
  YEAR = {2000},
  KEY = {operon prediction,consensus clustering}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{craven:mlie99,
  TITLE = {Learning to Extract Relations from {MEDLINE}},
  AUTHOR = {Mark Craven},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the Sixteenth National Conference
                 on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99) Workshop on
                 Machine Learning for Information Extraction},
  YEAR = {1999},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {25--30},
  ADRESS = {Orlando, FL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{craven:nips95,
  AUTHOR = {Mark W. Craven and Jude W. Shavlik},
  TITLE = {Extracting Tree-Structured Representations of Trained
                   Networks},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  EDITOR = {David S. Touretzky and Michael C. Mozer and Michael E.
                   Hasselmo},
  VOLUME = {8},
  PAGES = {24--30},
  PUBLISHER = {The {MIT} Press},
  YEAR = 1995
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{craw:ml91,
  TITLE = {The Flexibility of Speculative Refinement},
  AUTHOR = {Susan Craw and Derek H. Sleeman},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  PAGES = {28--32}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{crawford:aaai90,
  TITLE = {{QPC}: {A} Compiler from Physical Models into
                 Qualitative Differential Equations},
  AUTHOR = {James M. Crawford and Adam Farquhar and Benjmain J.
                 Kuipers},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90)},
  PAGES = {365--372},
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA}
}


@MASTERSTHESIS{croft:mthesis84,
  AUTHOR = {David Croft},
  TITLE = {Choices Made by a Planner: Identifying Them, and
                 Improving the Way in Which They are Made},
  SCHOOL = {Deparment of Artificial Intelligence, University of
                 Edinburgh},
  YEAR = {1984}
}


@BOOK{cronbach:book77,
  AUTHOR = {Lee J. Cronbach and Richard E. Snow},
  TITLE = {Aptitudes and Instructional Methods},
  PUBLISHER = {Irving Publishers},
  YEAR = {1977},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY}
}


@ARTICLE{cross:pami98,
  AUTHOR = {Andrew D. J. Cross and Edwin R. Hancock},
  TITLE = {Graph Matching with a Dual-Step {EM} Algorithm},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
                 Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1998},
  VOLUME = {20},
  NUMBER = {11},
  PAGES = {1236--1253},
  MONTH = NOV
}


@TECHREPORT{cullingford:tr78,
  AUTHOR = {Richard E. Cullingford},
  TITLE = {Script Application: Computer Understanding of
                 Newspaper Stories},
  INSTITUTION = {Department of Computer Science, Yale University},
  MONTH = JAN,
  YEAR = {1978},
  TYPE = {Technical Report},
  NUMBER = {116},
  ADDRESS = {New Haven, CT}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cunningham:ecml00,
  AUTHOR = {P. Cunningham and J. Carney},
  TITLE = {Diversity versus quality in classification ensembles based on feature selection},
  BOOKTITLE = {11th European Conference on Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {109-116},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cussens:ilp97,
  AUTHOR = {James Cussens},
  TITLE = {Part-of-Speech Tagging using {P}rogol},
  PAGES = {93--108},
  BOOKTITLE = {Inductive Logic Programming: Proceedings of the 7th
                 International Workshop (ILP-97). LNAI 1297},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  YEAR = {1997},
  URL = {ftp://ftp.cs.york.ac.uk/pub/ML_GROUP/Papers/ilp97.ps.gz}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{cussens:ilp99,
  AUTHOR = {James Cussens and Sa\v{s}o D\v{z}eroski and Toma\v{z} Erjavec},
  TITLE = {Morphosyntactic Tagging of {S}lovene using {P}rogol},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on
                 Inductive Logic Programming (ILP-99)},
  YEAR = {1999},
  EDITOR = {Sa\v{s}o D\v{z}eroski and Peter Flach},
  ADDRESS = {Bled, Slovenia},
  MONTH = JUN,
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag}
}


@BOOK{cypher:book93,
  TITLE = {Watch What I Do: Programming by Demonstration},
  EDITOR = {Allen Cypher},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {PBD, programming by demonstration}
}


@ARTICLE{daelemans:compling94,
  TITLE = {The Acquisition of Stress: {A} Data-Oriented
                 Approach},
  AUTHOR = {Walter Daelemans and Gert Durieux and Steven Gillis},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {20},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {421--451},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{daelemans:conll99,
  AUTHOR = {Walter Daelemans and Sabine Buchholz and Jorn Veenstra},
  TITLE = {Memory-based Shallow Parsing},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of {C}o{NLL}-1999},
  YEAR = {1999},
  ADDRESS = {Bergen, Norway}
}


@ARTICLE{daelemans:mlj99,
  AUTHOR = {Walter Daelemans and Antal van den Bosch and Jakub
                 Zavrel},
  YEAR = {1999},
  TITLE = {Forgetting Exceptions is Harmful in Language
                 Learning},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {34},
  PAGES = {11--42},
  KEY = {NLL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{daelemans:wvlc96,
  AUTHOR = {Walter Daelemans and Jakub Zavrel and Peter Berck and
                 Steven Gillis},
  TITLE = {{MBT}: {A} Memory-Based Part of Speech
                 Tagger-Generator},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Very Large
                 Corpora},
  PAGES = {14--27},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PUBLISHER = {ACL SIGDAT},
  KEY = {POS tagging, IBL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dagan:ml95,
  AUTHOR = {Ido Dagan and Sean P. Engelson},
  TITLE = {Committee-Based Sampling for Training Probabilistic
                 Classifiers},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-95)},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {150--157}
}


@ARTICLE{dagan:mlj99,
  AUTHOR = {Ido Dagan and Lillian Lee and Fernando C. N. Pereira},
  YEAR = {1999},
  TITLE = {Similarity-Based Models of Word Cooccurrence
                 Probabilities},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {34},
  PAGES = {43--70},
  KEY = {NLL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dague:ijcai91,
  AUTHOR = {Philippe Dague and Olivier Jehl and Philippe Deves and
                 Pierre Luciani and Patrick Taillibert},
  TITLE = {When Oscillators Stop Oscillating},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-91)},
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {1109--1115},
  ADDRESS = {Sydney, Australia}
}


@ARTICLE{dahl:compling83,
  TITLE = {Treating Coordination in Logic Grammars},
  AUTHOR = {Veronica Dahl and Michael C. McCord},
  JOURNAL = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {9},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {69--91},
  YEAR = {1983}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dai:sdm03,
  AUTHOR = {Bi-Ru Dai and Cheng-Ru Lin and Ming-Syan Chen},
  TITLE = {On the Techniques for Data Clustering with Numerical Constraints},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the SIAM International Conference on Data Mining},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@TECHREPORT{dallemolle:tr89,
  TITLE = {Qualitative Simulation of Dynamic Chemical Processes},
  AUTHOR = {David {Dalle Molle}},
  INSTITUTION = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of
                 Texas at Austin},
  YEAR = {1989},
  MONTH = MAY,
  NUMBER = {AI89--107},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, Texas 78712}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{danyluk:ijcai87,
  TITLE = {The Use of Explanations for Similarity-Based
                 Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Andrea Pohoreckyj Danyluk},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-87)},
  PAGES = {274--276},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1987},
  ADDRESS = {Milan, Italy},
  KEY = {ebl sbl hybrid}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{danyluk:ml89,
  TITLE = {Finding New Rules for Incomplete Theories: Explicit
                 Biases for Induction with Contextual Information},
  AUTHOR = {Andrea Pohoreckyj Danyluk},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {34--36},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Ithaca, NY},
  KEY = {ebl/sbl}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{danyluk:msl91,
  TITLE = {Gemini: An Integration of Analytical and Empirical
                 Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Andrea Pohoreckyj Danyluk},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on
                 Multistrategy Learning},
  PAGES = {191--206},
  MONTH = NOV,
  ADDRESS = {Harper's Ferry, W.Va.},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@TECHREPORT{danyluk:tr89,
  TITLE = {Rule Induction for Incomplete Domains: An Integration
                 of Machine Learning Methods},
  AUTHOR = {Andrea Pohoreckyj Danyluk},
  NUMBER = {TN-89-049},
  INSTITUTION = {Philips Laboratories},
  ADDRESS = {Briarcliff, NY},
  MONTH = FEB,
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {EBL/SBL}
}


@ARTICLE{darroch:ams72,
  AUTHOR = {J. Darroch and D. Ratchliff},
  TITLE = {Generalized iterative scaling for log-linear models},
  JOURNAL = {The Annals of Mathematical Statistics},
  YEAR = 1972,
  VOLUME = 43,
  NUMBER = 5,
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}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dasgupta:colt02,
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  AUTHOR = {Sanjoy Dasgupta},
  BOOKTITLE = {Conf. on Computational Learning Theory},
  YEAR = {2002},
  PAGES = {351-363}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dasigi:ijcai91,
  AUTHOR = {Venu Dasigi},
  TITLE = {Parsing = Parsimonious Covering? (Abduction in Logical
                 Form Generation)},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-91)},
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {1031--1036},
  ADDRESS = {Sydney, Australia}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dave:www03,
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  TITLE = {Mining the Peanut Gallery: {O}pinion Extraction and
                 Semantic Classification of Product Reviews},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International World Wide
                 Web Conference (WWW-2003)},
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  PUBLISHER = {ACM},
  MONTH = MAY,
  YEAR = {2003}
}


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  AUTHOR = {D. T. Davis and J. N. Hwang},
  TITLE = {Attentional focus training by boundary region data selection},
  BOOKTITLE = {International Joint Conference on Neural Networks},
  OPTCROSSREF = {},
  OPTKEY = {},
  PAGES = {676-81},
  YEAR = {1992},
  OPTEDITOR = {},
  VOLUME = {1},
  OPTNUMBER = {},
  OPTSERIES = {},
  OPTADDRESS = {},
  OPTMONTH = {},
  ORGANIZATION = {IEEE},
  OPTPUBLISHER = {},
  OPTNOTE = {},
  OPTANNOTE = {}
}


@ARTICLE{decoste:ai91,
  AUTHOR = {Dennis Decoste},
  TITLE = {Dynamic across-time measurement interpretation},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {51},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


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  YEAR = {1982},
  EDITOR = {Wendy G. Lehnert and Martin H. Ringle},
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@INCOLLECTION{dejong:bkchapter88,
  AUTHOR = {Gerald F. DeJong},
  TITLE = {An Introduction to Explanation-Based Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence},
  EDITOR = {Howard E. Shrobe},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  PAGES = {45--81},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {EBL}
}


@BOOK{dejong:book93,
  TITLE = {Investigating Explanation-Based Learning},
  EDITOR = {Gerald F. DeJong},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  ADDRESS = {Norwell, MA},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {EBL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dejong:ijcai81,
  TITLE = {Generalizations Based on Explanations},
  AUTHOR = {Gerald F. DeJong},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-81)},
  PAGES = {67--70},
  YEAR = {1981},
  ADDRESS = {Vancouver, BC},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{dejong:mlj86,
  TITLE = {Explanation-Based Learning: An Alternative View},
  AUTHOR = {Gerald F. DeJong and Raymond J. Mooney},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {1},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {145--176},
  YEAR = {1986},
  NOTE = {Reprinted in {\it Readings in Machine Learning}, Jude
                 W. Shavlik and Thomas G. Dietterich (eds.), Morgan
                 Kaufman, San Mateo, CA, 1990.},
  KEY = {EBG ebl}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dekleer:aaai91,
  AUTHOR = {Johan deKleer},
  TITLE = {Focusing on Probable Diagnoses},
  PAGES = {842--848},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-91)},
  YEAR = {1991},
  ADDRESS = {Anaheim, CA}
}


@ARTICLE{dekleer:ai84,
  AUTHOR = {Johan deKleer and John S. Brown},
  TITLE = {A Qualitative Physics Based on Confluences},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {24},
  PAGES = {7--83},
  YEAR = {1984}
}


@ARTICLE{dekleer:ai86,
  AUTHOR = {Johan de Kleer},
  TITLE = {An Assumption-based {TMS}},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1986},
  VOLUME = {28},
  PAGES = {127--162}
}


@ARTICLE{dekleer:ai86a,
  AUTHOR = {Johan de Kleer},
  TITLE = {Problem Solving with the {ATMS}},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1986},
  VOLUME = {28},
  PAGES = {197--224}
}


@ARTICLE{dekleer:ai87,
  AUTHOR = {Johan de Kleer and Brian C. Williams},
  TITLE = {Diagnosing Multiple Faults},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1987},
  VOLUME = {32},
  PAGES = {97--130}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dekleer:ijcai89,
  AUTHOR = {Johan de Kleer and Brian C. Williams},
  TITLE = {Diagnosis with Behavioral Modes},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  YEAR = {1989},
  PAGES = {1324--1330},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{demarck:acl95,
  TITLE = {Acquiring a Lexicon from Unsegmented Speech},
  AUTHOR = {Carl de Marcken},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-95)},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {311--313},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{demiriz:annie99,
  AUTHOR = {Ayhan Demiriz and K. P. Bennett and M. J. Embrechts},
  TITLE = {Semi-supervised Clustering Using Genetic Algorithms},
  BOOKTITLE = {Artificial Neural Networks in
                 Engineering (ANNIE-99)},
  MONTH = NOV,
  YEAR = {1999},
  PAGES = {809--814}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{demoen00,
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  TITLE = {So Many WAM Variations, So Little Time},
  BOOKTITLE = {LNAI 1861, Proceedings Computational Logic - CL 2000},
  YEAR = {2000},
  MONTH = {July},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer-Verlag},
  PAGES = {1240--1254}
}


@ARTICLE{dempster:jrss68,
  TITLE = {A Generalization of {B}ayesian Inference},
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  JOURNAL = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society},
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  PAGES = {205--247},
  YEAR = {1968},
  KEY = {Dempster Shafer}
}


@ARTICLE{dempster:jrssb77,
  AUTHOR = {Arthur P. Dempster and Nan M. Laird and Donald B.
                 Rubin},
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  JOURNAL = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B},
  YEAR = {1977},
  VOLUME = {39},
  PAGES = {1--38},
  ANNOTE = {}
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@INCOLLECTION{deraedt:bkchapter92,
  AUTHOR = {Luc {De Raedt} and Maurice Bruynooghe},
  TITLE = {An Overview of the Interactive Concept Learner and
                 Theory Revisor {CLINT}},
  BOOKTITLE = {Inductive Logic Programming},
  EDITOR = {Stephen Muggleton},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  PAGES = {163--192},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{deraedt:book92,
  TITLE = {Interactive Theory Revision: An Inductive Logic
                 Programming Approach},
  AUTHOR = {Luc {De Raedt}},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{deraedt:ijcai93,
  TITLE = {Multiple Predicate Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Luc {De Raedt} and Nada Lavrac and Saso Dzeroski},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-93)},
  YEAR = {1993},
  ADDRESS = {Chambery, France},
  PAGES = {1037--1042},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{deraedt:ijcai93a,
  TITLE = {A Theory of Clausal Discovery},
  AUTHOR = {Luc {De Raedt} and Maurice Bruynooghe},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-93)},
  YEAR = {1993},
  ADDRESS = {Chambery, France},
  PAGES = {1058--1063},
  KEY = {CLAUDIEN}
}


@ARTICLE{deraedt:mlj92,
  TITLE = {Interactive Concept Learning and Constructive
                 Induction by Analogy},
  AUTHOR = {Luc {De Raedt} and Maurice Bruynooghe},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {8},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {107--150},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {CLINT}
}


@BOOK{desaussure:book66,
  AUTHOR = {Ferdenand {de Saussure}},
  TITLE = {Course in General Linguistics},
  PUBLISHER = {McGraw Hill},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1915/1966}
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@INPROCEEDINGS{desimone:ewsl87,
  AUTHOR = {Roberto Desimone},
  TITLE = {Learning Control Knowledge within an Explanation-Based
                 Learning Framework},
  BOOKTITLE = {Progress in Machine Learning - Proceedings of 2nd
                 European Working Session on Learning, EWSL-87},
  YEAR = {1987},
  MONTH = MAY,
  ADDRESS = {Bled,Yugoslavia}
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@BOOK{devroye:book96,
  AUTHOR = {L. Devroye and L. Gyorfi and G. Lugosi},
  TITLE = {A Probabilistic Theory of Pattern Recognition},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  YEAR = {1996}
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@INCOLLECTION{dhillon:book01,
  AUTHOR = {I. S. Dhillon and J. Fan and Y. Guan},
  TITLE = {Efficient Clustering of Very Large Document
                 Collections},
  BOOKTITLE = {Data Mining for Scientific and Engineering
                 Applications},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  YEAR = {2001}
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@INPROCEEDINGS{dhillon:icdm03,
  AUTHOR = {Inderjit S. Dhillon and Yuquiang Guan},
  TITLE = {Information Theoretic Clustering of Sparse Co-Occurrence Data},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third {IEEE} International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM-03)},
  PAGES = {517-521},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dhillon:kdd01,
  AUTHOR = {Inderjit S. Dhillon},
  TITLE = {Co-clustering documents and words using Bipartite Spectral Graph Partitioning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh ACM SIGKDD International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2001)},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dhillon:kdd02,
  AUTHOR = {Inderjit Dhillon and Subramanyam Mallela and Rahul
                  Kumar},
  TITLE = {Enhanced Word Clustering for Hierarchical
                  Classification},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth ACM SIGKDD International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2002)},
  YEAR = 2002,
  ADDRESS = {Edmonton}
}


@ARTICLE{dhillon:mlj01,
  AUTHOR = {I. S. Dhillon and D. S. Modha},
  YEAR = {2001},
  TITLE = {Concept Decompositions for Large Sparse Text Data
                 Using Clustering},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {42},
  PAGES = {143--175},
  KEYWORDS = {LSI, text clustering}
}


@BOOK{dick:book90,
  TITLE = {The systematic design of instruction},
  AUTHOR = {Walter Dick and Lou Carey},
  PUBLISHER = {Scott, Foresman/Little, Brown Higher Education},
  EDITION = {Third},
  ADDRESS = {Glenview, IL},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {CAI}
}


@ARTICLE{dietterich:ai97,
  AUTHOR = {Thomas G. Dietterich and Richard H. Lathrop and
                  Tomas Lozano-Perez},
  TITLE = {Solving the Multiple Instance Problem with
                  Axis-Parallel Rectangles},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {89},
  NUMBER = {1-2},
  PAGES = {31-71},
  YEAR = {1997}
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@ARTICLE{dietterich:aimag97,
  AUTHOR = {T. G. Dietterich},
  TITLE = {Machine Learning Research: Four Current Directions},
  JOURNAL = {AI Magazine},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {97-136},
  YEAR = 1997
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dietterich:bkchapter00,
  AUTHOR = {T. Dietterich},
  TITLE = {Ensemble Methods in Machine Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {First International Workshop on Multiple Classifier
                  Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  EDITOR = {J. Kittler and F. Roli},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer-Verlag},
  PAGES = {1-15},
  YEAR = {2000},
  URL = {citeseer.nj.nec.com/dietterich00ensemble.html}
}


@INBOOK{dietterich:bkchapter02,
  AUTHOR = {Thomas Dietterich},
  TITLE = {The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks},
  CHAPTER = {Ensemble Learning},
  PUBLISHER = {The MIT Press},
  YEAR = 2002,
  PAGES = {405-408}
}


@INCOLLECTION{dietterich:bkchapter83,
  AUTHOR = {Thomas G. Dietterich and Ryszard S. Michalski},
  TITLE = {A Comparative Review of Selected Methods of Learning
                 From Examples},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence
                 Approach},
  EDITOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski and Jaime G. Carbonell and Tom M.
                 Mitchell},
  PUBLISHER = {Tioga},
  PAGES = {41--81},
  YEAR = {1983},
  KEY = {sbl}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dietterich:ebls88,
  TITLE = {An Inductive Approach to Solving the Imperfect Theory
                 Problem},
  AUTHOR = {Thomas G. Dietterich and Nicholas S> Flann},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the American Association for Artificial
                 Intelligence Spring Symposium Series: Explanation-Based
                 Learning},
  PAGES = {42--46},
  MONTH = MAR,
  YEAR = {1988},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA},
  KEY = {ebl/sbl}
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@ARTICLE{dietterich:jair00,
  AUTHOR = {T. G. Dietterich},
  TITLE = {Hierarchical reinforcement learning with the MAXQ value function decomposition},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  YEAR = {2000},
  VOLUME = {13},
  PAGES = {227--303}
}


@INCOLLECTION{dietterich:mcs01,
  AUTHOR = { T. G. Dietterich},
  TITLE = {Ensemble Methods in Machine Learning },
  BOOKTITLE = { Multiple Classifier Systems },
  PUBLISHER = {LNCS Vol. 1857, Springer },
  EDITOR = {J. Kittler and F. Roli },
  PAGES = {1-15 },
  YEAR = 2001
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dietterich:ml90,
  TITLE = {A Comparative Study of {ID3} and Backpropagation for
                 {English} Text-to-Speech Mapping},
  AUTHOR = {Thomas G. Dietterich and Hermann Hild and Ghulum
                 Bakiri},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-90)},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  PAGES = {24--31}
}


@ARTICLE{dietterich:mlj00,
  AUTHOR = {Thomas G. Dietterich},
  TITLE = {An Experimental Comparison of Three Methods for
                   Constructing Ensembles of Decision Trees: Bagging,
                   Boosting, and Randomization},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {40},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {139-157},
  YEAR = 2000
}


@ARTICLE{dietterich:mlj86,
  TITLE = {Learning at the Knowledge Level},
  AUTHOR = {Thomas G. Dietterich},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {1},
  PAGES = {287--316},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {test incorporation}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dieugenio:colingacl98,
  TITLE = {An empirical investigation of proposals in
                 collaborative dialogues},
  AUTHOR = {Barbara {Di Eugenio} and Pamella Jordan and Johanna
                 Moore and Richmond H. Thomason},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics and COLING-98
                 (ACL/COLING-98)},
  YEAR = {1998},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {325--329}
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@ARTICLE{diez:ai96,
  AUTHOR = {F. J. Di\'{e}z},
  TITLE = {Local Conditioning in {B}ayesian Networks},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1996},
  VOLUME = {87},
  PAGES = {1--20}
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@UNPUBLISHED{diez:private97,
  AUTHOR = {F. J. Di\'{e}z},
  TITLE = {Private Communication},
  YEAR = {1997},
  MONTH = FEB,
  NOTE = {Unpublished}
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@INPROCEEDINGS{diez:uai93,
  AUTHOR = {F. J. D\'{i}ez},
  TITLE = {Parameter Adjustment in {B}ayes networks. {T}he
                 generalized noisy {OR}-gate.},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Uncertainty in
                 Artificial Intelligence (UAI-93)},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PAGES = {99--105}
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@INCOLLECTION{dimopoulos:bkchapter96,
  TITLE = {Abduction and Inductive Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Yannis Dimopoulos and Antonis C. Kakas},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Inductive Logic Programming},
  EDITOR = {Luc {De Raedt}},
  PUBLISHER = {IOS Press},
  ADDRESS = {Amsterdam},
  PAGES = {144--171},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {ILP, abind}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{doan:sigmod01,
  AUTHOR = {A. Doan and P. Domingos and A. Halevy},
  TITLE = {Reconciling Schemas of Disparate Data Sources: A
                   Machine-Learning Approach},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 2001 {ACM} {SIGMOD} {I}nternational
                   {C}onference on {M}anagement of {D}ata},
  PAGES = {509-520},
  ADDRESS = {Santa Barbara, CA},
  PUBLISHER = {ACM Press},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{doerre:kdd99,
  AUTHOR = {Jochen D{\"{o}}rre and Peter Gerstl and Roland
                 Seiffert},
  TITLE = {Text Mining: {F}inding Nuggets in Mountains of Textual
                 Data},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
                 Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-99)},
  PUBLISHER = {ACM},
  ADDRESS = {San Diego, CA},
  PAGES = {398--401},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1999},
  NOTE = {Short paper}
}


@TECHREPORT{dom:ibm01,
  AUTHOR = {Byron E. Dom},
  TITLE = {An Information-Theoretic External Cluster-Validity Measure},
  INSTITUTION = {IBM},
  TYPE = {Research Report},
  NUMBER = {RJ 10219},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{domeniconi:nips01,
  AUTHOR = {Carlotta Domeniconi and Jing Peng and Dimitrios
                   Gunopulos},
  TITLE = {An Adaptive Metric Machine for Pattern Classification.},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13},
  PAGES = {458--464},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{domeniconi:nips02,
  AUTHOR = {C. Domeniconi and D. Gunopulos},
  TITLE = {Adaptive Nearest Neighbor Classification using
                  Support Vector Machines},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of Sixteenth Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)},
  YEAR = 2002
}


@PHDTHESIS{domeniconi:thesis02,
  TITLE = {Locally Adaptive Techniques for Pattern
                  Classification},
  AUTHOR = {Carlotta Domeniconi},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {University of California, Riverside},
  ADDRESS = {Riverside, CA},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@MISC{domingos00welltrained,
  AUTHOR = {F. Provost and P. Domingos },
  TITLE = {Well-trained PETs: Improving probability estimation
                   trees},
  TEXT = {P. Domingos and F. Provost. Well-trained PETs:
                   Improving probability estimation trees. CDER Working
                   Paper #00-04-IS, Stern School of Business, New York
                   University, NY, NY 10012, 2000.},
  YEAR = 2000
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{domingos:icml00,
  AUTHOR = {Pedro Domingos},
  TITLE = {A Unified Bias-Variance Decomposition and its
                   Applications},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proc. 17th International Conf. on Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {231--238},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA},
  YEAR = 2000
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{domingos:ml00,
  AUTHOR = {Pedro Domingos},
  TITLE = {A Unified Bias-Variance Decomposition and its
                  Applications},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International
                 Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-2000)},
  PAGES = {231--238},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  YEAR = 2000
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{domingos:ml96,
  AUTHOR = {Pedro Domingos and Michael Pazzani},
  TITLE = {Beyond Independence: conditions for the optimality of
                 the simple {B}ayesian classifier},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-96)},
  EDITOR = {Lorenza Saitta},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {105--112}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{domingos:ml97,
  AUTHOR = {P. Domingos},
  TITLE = {Knowledge Acquisition from Examples Via Multiple
                   Models},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the {F}ourteenth {I}nternational
                   {C}onference on {M}achine {L}earning},
  PAGES = {98-106},
  ADDRESS = {Nashville, TN},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = 1997
}


@ARTICLE{domingos:mlj96,
  AUTHOR = {Pedro Domingos},
  YEAR = {1996},
  TITLE = {Unifying Instance-Based and Rule-Based Induction},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {24},
  PAGES = {141--168},
  KEY = {RISE}
}


@ARTICLE{domingos:mlj97,
  AUTHOR = {Pedro Domingos and Michael Pazzani},
  YEAR = {1997},
  TITLE = {On the Optimality of the Simple {Bayesian} Classifier
                 Under Zero-One Loss},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {29},
  PAGES = {103--130},
  KEY = {Naive Bayes}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dong:pkdd98,
  AUTHOR = {Guozhu Dong and Jinyan Li},
  TITLE = {Interestingness of Discovered Association Rules in
                 terms of Neighborhood-Based Unexpectedness},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of Second European Symposium on Principles
                 of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery(PKDD-98)},
  PAGES = {72--86},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{doorenbos:agents97,
  AUTHOR = {Robert B. Doorenbos and Oren Etzioni and Daniel S.
                 Weld},
  TITLE = {A Scalable Comparison-Shopping Agent for the
                 {W}orld-{W}ide {W}eb},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on
                 Autonomous Agents (Agents-97)},
  ADDRESS = {Marina del Rey, CA},
  PAGES = {39--48},
  MONTH = FEB,
  YEAR = {1997},
  KEY = {shopbot}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dowding:acl93,
  TITLE = {Gemini: {A} Natural language system for
                 spoken-language understanding},
  AUTHOR = {John Dowding and Jean Mark Gawron and Doug Appelt and
                 John Bear and Lynn Cherny and Robert Moore and Doug
                 Moran},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-93)},
  YEAR = {1993},
  MONTH = JUN
}


@ARTICLE{dowling:jlp84,
  TITLE = {Linear-time Algorithms for Testing the Satisfiability
                 of Propositional {H}orn Formulae},
  AUTHOR = {William F. Dowling and Jean Gallier},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  VOLUME = {3},
  PAGES = {267--284},
  YEAR = {1984},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{dowty:book81,
  TITLE = {Introduction to Montague Semantics},
  AUTHOR = {David R. Dowty and Robert E. Wall and Stanley Peters},
  PUBLISHER = {D. Reidel},
  ADDRESS = {Dordrecht, Holland},
  YEAR = {1981},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{doyle:ai79,
  TITLE = {A Truth Maintenance System},
  AUTHOR = {John Doyle},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {12},
  PAGES = {231--272},
  YEAR = {1979}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{doyle:has91,
  AUTHOR = {Richard J. Doyle and Usama M. Fayyad},
  TITLE = {Sensor Selection techniques in device monitoring},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second Annual Conference on AI,
                 Simulation and Planning in High Autonomy Systems},
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {154--163},
  PUBLISHER = {IEEE Computer Society Press}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{doyle:ijcai89,
  TITLE = {A Focused, Context-sensitive Approach to Monitoring},
  AUTHOR = {Richard J. Doyle and Suzanne M. Sellers and David J.
                 Atkinson},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  YEAR = {1989},
  PAGES = {1231--1237}
}


@PHDTHESIS{doyle:thesis88,
  TITLE = {Hypothesizing Device Mechanisms: Opening Up the Black
                 Box},
  AUTHOR = {Richard Doyle},
  SCHOOL = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  YEAR = {1988}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{drastal:ijcai89,
  TITLE = {Induction in an Abstraction Space: {A} Form of
                 Constructive Induction},
  AUTHOR = {George Drastal and Gabor Czako and Stan Raatz},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  PAGES = {708--712},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{dresher:cog90,
  TITLE = {A Computational Learning Model for Metrical
                 Phonology},
  AUTHOR = {Elan B. Dresher and Jonathan D. Kaye},
  JOURNAL = {Cognition},
  VOLUME = {34},
  PAGES = {137--195},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dressler:dx94,
  AUTHOR = {Oskar Dressler},
  TITLE = {Model-based Diagnosis on Board: Magellan-{MT} Inside},
  BOOKTITLE = {Fifth International Workshop on Principles of
                 Diagnosis},
  YEAR = {1994},
  PAGES = {87--92},
  ADDRESS = {New Paltz, NY}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dressler:dx94a,
  AUTHOR = {Oskar Dressler and Peter Struss},
  TITLE = {Model-Based Diagnosis with the Default-based Diagnosis
                 Engine: Effective Control Strategies that Work in
                 Practice},
  PAGES = {93--97},
  BOOKTITLE = {Fifth International Workshop on Principles of
                 Diagnosis},
  YEAR = {1994},
  ADDRESS = {New Paltz, NY}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dressler:ecai92,
  AUTHOR = {Oskar Dressler and Peter Struss},
  TITLE = {Back to Defaults: Characterizing and Computing
                 Diagnoses as Coherent Assumption Sets},
  PAGES = {719--723},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial
                 Intelligence (ECAI)},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dressler:mbr90,
  AUTHOR = {Oskar Dressler and Adam Farquhar},
  TITLE = {Putting the Problem Solver Back in the Driver's Seat:
                 Contextual Control of the {ATMS}},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second Model-Based Reasoning
                 Workshop},
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dressler:tms90,
  TITLE = {Putting the Problem Solver Back in the Driver's Seat:
                 Contextual Control of the {ATMS}},
  AUTHOR = {Oskar Dressler and Adam Farquhar},
  BOOKTITLE = {Truth Maintenance Systems - ECAI90 Workshop},
  EDITOR = {J. P. Martins and M. Reinfrank},
  PAGES = {1--16},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Stockholm, Sweden},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{driessens:icml02,
  AUTHOR = {Kurt Driessens and Saso Dzeroski},
  TITLE = {{I}ntegrating experimentation and guidance in relational reinforcement learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Machine
                 Learning (ICML-2002)},
  YEAR = {2002},
  PAGES = {115-122},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc},
  NOTE = {URL = http://www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/cgi-bin-dtai/publ\_info.pl?id=38637}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{drucker:icml97,
  AUTHOR = {Harris Drucker},
  TITLE = {Improving regressors using boosting techniques},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proc. 14th International Conference on Machine
                   Learning},
  PAGES = {107--115},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = 1997
}


@ARTICLE{drummond:sig91,
  AUTHOR = {Mark Drummond and John L. Bresina and Smardar Kedar},
  TITLE = {The entropy reduction engine: Integrating planning,
                 scheduling, and control},
  JOURNAL = {SIGART Bulletin},
  YEAR = {1991},
  NUMBER = {2},
  VOLUME = {4},
  PUBLISHER = {ACM Press},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{dubnov:mlj02,
  AUTHOR = {Shlomo Dubnov and Ran El-Yaniv and Yoram Gdalyahu and Elad Schneidman and Naftali Tishby and Golan Yona},
  TITLE = {A New Nonparametric Pairwise Clustering Algorithm Based on Iterative Estimation of Distance Profiles},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  YEAR = {2002},
  VOLUME = {47},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {35-61}
}


@BOOK{duda:book01,
  AUTHOR = {Richard O. Duda and Peter E. Hart and David G. Stork},
  TITLE = {Pattern Classification},
  PUBLISHER = {Wiley},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {2001},
  EDITION = {Second}
}


@BOOK{duda:book73,
  AUTHOR = {Richard O. Duda and Peter E. Hart},
  TITLE = {Pattern Classification and Scene Analysis},
  PUBLISHER = {Wiley},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1973}
}


@BOOK{duda:book99,
  AUTHOR = {Richard O. Duda and David G. Stork and Peter E. Hart},
  TITLE = {Pattern Classification, 2nd ed.},
  PUBLISHER = {Wiley},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  YEAR = {1999},
  KEY = {pattern recognition textbook}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dumais:sigir00,
  AUTHOR = {Susan T. Dumais and Hao Chen},
  TITLE = {Hierarchical classification of Web content},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 23rd International ACM SIGIR
                 Conference on Research and Development in Information
                 Retrieval},
  PAGES = {256-263},
  YEAR = 2000
}


@BOOK{dunbar:book91,
  TITLE = {The Cognitive Lexicon},
  AUTHOR = {George Dunbar},
  PUBLISHER = {Gunter Narr Verlag},
  YEAR = {1991},
  ADDRESS = {Tubingen}
}


@TECHREPORT{duran:tr88,
  TITLE = {Concept Learning with Incomplete Datasets},
  AUTHOR = {Rita T. Duran},
  NUMBER = {AI88-82},
  INSTITUTION = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of
                 Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{durbin:book98,
  AUTHOR = {R. Durbin and S. Eddy and A. Krogh and G. Mitchison},
  TITLE = {Biological Sequence Analysis: Probabilistic Models of
                 Proteins and Nucleic Acids},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dutra:ilp02,
  AUTHOR = { I. Dutra and D. Page and V. Santos Costa and J. Shavlik},
  TITLE = {An Empirical Evaluation of Bagging in Inductive Logic Programming},
  BOOKTITLE = { Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Inductive Logic Programming},
  PAGES = {48-65},
  YEAR = 2002,
  ADDRESS = {Sydney, Australia}
}


@INCOLLECTION{dvorak:bkchapter92,
  AUTHOR = {Daniel Dvorak and Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  TITLE = {Model-Based Monitoring of Dynamic Systems},
  BOOKTITLE = {Readings in Model-Based Diagnosis},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = {1992},
  EDITOR = {Walter Hamscher and Luca Console and Johan de Kleer},
  PAGES = {249--254},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dvorak:ijcai89,
  AUTHOR = {Daniel Dvorak and Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  TITLE = {Model-Based Monitoring of Dynamic Systems},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  YEAR = {1989},
  PAGES = {1238--1243},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI}
}


@PHDTHESIS{dvorak:thesis92,
  TITLE = {Monitoring and Diagnosis of Continuous Dynamic Systems
                 Using Semiquantitative Simulation},
  AUTHOR = {Daniel Dvorak},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {University of Texas},
  INSTITUTION = {Department of Computer Science},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1992},
  MONTH = MAY,
  KEY = {MIMIC}
}


@INCOLLECTION{dyer:bkchapter91,
  AUTHOR = {Michael Dyer},
  TITLE = {Lexical Acquisition Through Symbol Recirculation in
                 Distributed Connectionist Networks},
  BOOKTITLE = {Lexical Acquisition: Exploiting On-Line Resources to
                 Build a Lexicon},
  EDITOR = {Uri Zernik},
  PAGES = {309--337},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{dyer:book83,
  TITLE = {In Depth Understanding},
  AUTHOR = {Michael Dyer},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1983},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  KEY = {BORIS}
}


@MASTERSTHESIS{dze:msc91,
  AUTHOR = {S. D\v{z}eroski},
  TITLE = {Handling noise in inductive logic programming},
  SCHOOL = {Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 
                    University of Ljubljana},
  YEAR = 1991
}


@INCOLLECTION{dzeroski:bkchapter01a,
  AUTHOR = {Sa\u{s}o D\u{z}eroski and Nada Lavra\u{c}},
  TITLE = {An Introduction to Inductive Logic Programming},
  BOOKTITLE = {Relational Data Mining},
  EDITOR = {Sa\u{s}o D\u{z}eroski and Nada Lavra\u{c}},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@INCOLLECTION{dzeroski:bkchapter01b,
  AUTHOR = {Sa\u{s}o D\u{z}eroski},
  TITLE = {Relational Data Mining Applications: An Overview},
  BOOKTITLE = {Relational Data Mining},
  EDITOR = {Sa\u{s}o D\u{z}eroski and Nada Lavra\u{c}},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@BOOK{dzeroski:book01,
  TITLE = {Relational Data Mining},
  EDITOR = {Sa\u{s}o D\u{z}eroski and Nada Lavra\u{c}},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dzeroski:colt92,
  TITLE = {Pac-learnability of determinate logic programs},
  AUTHOR = {Saso D\u{z}eroski and Stephen Muggleton and Stuart
                 Russell},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1992 Workshop on Computational
                 Learning Theory},
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {Pittsburgh, PA},
  KEY = {ILP, PAC theory}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{dzeroski:kdd93,
  TITLE = {Discovering Dynamics: From Inductive Logic Programming
                 To Machine Discovery},
  AUTHOR = {Saso Dzeroski and Ljupco Todorovski},
  BOOKTITLE = {Knowledge Discovery in Databases Workshop},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@ARTICLE{dzeroski:mlj01,
  AUTHOR = {Saso Dzeroski and Luc De Raedt and Kurt Driessens},
  TITLE = {{R}elational reinforcement learning},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  YEAR = {2001},
  VOLUME = {43},
  PAGES = {7-52},
  NOTE = {URL = http://www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/cgi-bin-dtai/publ\_info.pl?id=34461}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{echols:icis98,
  TITLE = {The identification of words and their meanings in the
                 transition into language},
  AUTHOR = {Catherine H. Echols},
  BOOKTITLE = {11th Biennial International Conference on Infant
                 Studies},
  ADDRESS = {Atlanta, GA},
  MONTH = APR,
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@ARTICLE{echols:jml97,
  AUTHOR = {Catherine H. Echols and Megan J. Crowhurst and Jane B.
                 Childers},
  TITLE = {The Perception of Rhythmic Units in Speech by Infants
                 and Adults},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  YEAR = {1997},
  VOLUME = {36},
  NUMBER = {},
  PAGES = {202--225}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{echols:lwm,
  AUTHOR = {Catherine H. Echols},
  TITLE = {Early lexical development: Initial steps in the
                 identification of words and word meanings},
  NOTE = {Manuscript, University of Texas},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@ARTICLE{ehrenfeucht:icomp89,
  TITLE = {A General Lower Bound on the Number of Examples Needed
                 for Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Andrjez Ehrenfeucht and David Haussler and Michael J.
                 Kearns and Leslie G. Valiant},
  JOURNAL = {Information and Computation},
  VOLUME = {82},
  PAGES = {267--284},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {PAC theory}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{eineborg:ilp98,
  AUTHOR = {Martin Eineborg and Nikolaj Lindberg},
  TITLE = {Induction of Constraint Grammar-Rules Using {P}rogol},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on
                 Inductive Logic Programming (ILP-98)},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer},
  PAGES = {116--124},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@ARTICLE{eirinaki:toit03,
  AUTHOR = {Magdalini Eirinaki and Michalis Vazirgiannis},
  TITLE = {Web Mining for Web Personalization},
  JOURNAL = {ACM Transactions on Internet Technology},
  VOLUME = {3},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {1--27},
  MONTH = FEB,
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{eiselt:aaai87,
  AUTHOR = {Kurt P. Eiselt},
  TITLE = {Recovering from Erroneous Inferences},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-87)},
  YEAR = {1987},
  PAGES = {540--544},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, Washington}
}


@ARTICLE{eisen:pnas98,
  AUTHOR = {Michael B. Eisen and Paul T. Spellman and Patrick
                  O. Brown and David Botstein},
  TITLE = {Cluster Analysis and Display of Genome-Wide
                  Expression Patterns},
  JOURNAL = {{P}roceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
                  {USA}},
  PAGES = {14863--14848},
  VOLUME = {95},
  YEAR = 1998
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{eliassi-rad:ml01,
  AUTHOR = {T. Eliassi-Rad and J. Shavlik},
  TITLE = {A Theory-Refinement Approach to Information
                 Extraction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Machine
                 Learning (ICML-2001)},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@ARTICLE{eliassi-rad:um03,
  AUTHOR = {T. Eliassi-Rad and J. W. Shavlik},
  TITLE = {A System for Building Intelligent Agents that Learn to Retrieve and Extract Information},
  JOURNAL = {International Journal on User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, Special Issue on User Modeling and Intelligent Agents},
  VOLUME = {in press},
  YEAR = {2003},
  KEY = {WAWA}
}


@PHDTHESIS{ellis:thesis69,
  AUTHOR = {Clarence A. Ellis},
  TITLE = {Probabilistic Languages and Automata},
  SCHOOL = {University of Illinois},
  YEAR = {1969},
  NOTE = {Report No. 355, Department of Computer Science}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ellman:aaai88,
  TITLE = {Approximate Theory Formation: An Explanation-Based
                 Approach},
  AUTHOR = {Thomas Ellman},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-88)},
  ADDRESS = {St. Paul, MN},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {564--569},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {ebl approximate}
}


@ARTICLE{elman:cogscij90,
  AUTHOR = {Jeffrey L. Elman},
  TITLE = {Finding structure in time},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  YEAR = {1990},
  VOLUME = {14},
  PAGES = {179--211}
}


@BOOK{elstein:book78,
  AUTHOR = {Arthur S. Elstein and Lee S. Shulman and Sarah A.
                 Sprafka},
  TITLE = {Medical Problem Solving - An Analysis of Clinical
                 Reasoning},
  PUBLISHER = {Harvard University Press},
  YEAR = {1978}
}


@BOOK{engel:dt88,
  TITLE = {Deutsche Grammatik},
  AUTHOR = {Ulrich Engel},
  PUBLISHER = {Julius Groos Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Heidelberg},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{engelson:acl96,
  AUTHOR = {Sean P. Engelson and Ido Dagan},
  TITLE = {Minimizing Manual Annotation Cost in Supervised
                 Training from Corpora},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PAGES = {319--326},
  ADDRESS = {Santa Cruz, CA}
}


@BOOK{ericsson:book93,
  TITLE = {Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data (rev. ed.)},
  AUTHOR = {K. Anders Ericsson and Herbert A. Simon},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1993},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{erol:aaai94,
  TITLE = {{HTN} Planning: Complexity and Expressivity},
  AUTHOR = {Kutluhan Erol and Dana S. Nau and James A. Hendler},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1994},
  PAGES = {1123--1128},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle},
  KEY = {UMCP}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{erol:aips94,
  TITLE = {{UMCP}: {A} Sound and Complete Planning Procedure for
                 Hierarchical Task-Network Planning},
  AUTHOR = {Kutluhan Erol and Dana S. Nau and James A. Hendler},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference of
                 AI Planning Systems},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1994},
  ADDRESS = {Chicago},
  KEY = {UMCP}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{estlin:aaai96,
  TITLE = {Multi-Strategy Learning of Search Control for
                 Partial-Order Planning},
  AUTHOR = {Tara A. Estlin and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1996},
  PAGES = {843--848},
  ADDRESS = {Portland, OR},
  KEY = {SCOPE}
}


@INCOLLECTION{estlin:bkchapter96,
  AUTHOR = {Tara A. Estlin and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Hybrid Learning of Search Control for Partial-Order
                 Planning},
  BOOKTITLE = {New Directions in AI Planning},
  EDITOR = {Malik Ghallab and Alfredo Milani},
  PUBLISHER = {IOS Press},
  ADDRESS = {Amsterdam},
  PAGES = {129--140},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{estlin:ijcai97,
  AUTHOR = {Tara A. Estlin and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Learning to Improve both Efficiency and Quality of
                 Planning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-97)},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PAGES = {1227--1232},
  ADDRESS = {Nagoya, Japan}
}


@TECHREPORT{estlin:jpltr96,
  TITLE = {{DPLAN} Deep Space Network Antenna Operations Planner
                 Version 1.0 Programmer's Manual},
  AUTHOR = {Tara Estlin and XueMei Wang and Anita Govindjee and
                 Steve Chien},
  INSTITUTION = {NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory},
  NUMBER = {D-13390},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@PHDTHESIS{estlin:thesis98,
  TITLE = {Using Multi-Strategy Learning to Improve Planning
                 Efficiency and Quality},
  AUTHOR = {Tara A. Estlin},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1998},
  MONTH = MAY,
  NOTE = {Also appears as Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
                 Technical Report AI 98-269 (see
                 http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ai-lab)},
  KEY = {SCOPE}
}


@TECHREPORT{estlin:tr96,
  AUTHOR = {Tara A. Estlin},
  TITLE = {Integrating Explanation-Based and Inductive Learning
                 Techniques to Acquire Search-Control for Planning},
  INSTITUTION = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  NUMBER = {AI96-250},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{etzioni:aaai91,
  AUTHOR = {Oren Etzioni},
  TITLE = {{STATIC}: {A} Problem-Space Compiler for {PRODIGY}},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-91)},
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {533--540},
  ADDRESS = {Anaheim, CA}
}


@ARTICLE{etzioni:ai93,
  AUTHOR = {Oren Etzioni},
  TITLE = {Acquiring Search Control Knowledge via Static
                 Analysis},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1993},
  VOLUME = {60},
  NUMBER = {2},
  NOTES = {static}
}


@ARTICLE{etzioni:cacm96,
  AUTHOR = {Oren Etzioni},
  TITLE = {The {W}orld-{W}ide {W}eb: Quagmire or Gold Mine?},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {39},
  NUMBER = {11},
  PAGES = {65--68},
  MONTH = NOV,
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{etzioni:ml88,
  TITLE = {Hypothesis Filtering: {A} Practical Approach to
                 Reliable Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Oren Etzioni},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-88)},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Ann Arbor, MI},
  PAGES = {416--429},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {pac learnability}
}


@ARTICLE{etzioni:mljf,
  TITLE = {Statistical Methods for Analyzing Speedup Learning
                 Experiments},
  AUTHOR = {Oren Etzioni and Ruth Etzioni},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  YEAR = {in press},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{fagan:jsis89,
  TITLE = {The Effectiveness of a Nonsyntactic Approach to
                 Automatic Phrase Indexing for Document Retrieval},
  AUTHOR = {Joel L. Fagan},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of the American Society for Information
                 Science},
  VOLUME = {40},
  PAGES = {115--132},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {IR}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{fahlman:nips90,
  TITLE = {The Cascade-Correlation Learning Architecture},
  AUTHOR = {Scott E. Fahlman and Christian Lebiere},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems,
                 2},
  PAGES = {524--532},
  MONTH = NOV,
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {Cascade-Correlation}
}


@ARTICLE{falkanhainer:mlj86,
  AUTHOR = {Brian C. Falkenhainer and Ryszard Michalski},
  TITLE = {Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Discovery:
                 The {ABACUS} system},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {1},
  YEAR = {1986},
  PAGES = {367--401}
}


@INCOLLECTION{falkenhainer:bkchapter90,
  TITLE = {A Unified Approach to Explanation and Theory
                 Formation},
  AUTHOR = {Brian C. Falkenhainer},
  BOOKTITLE = {Computational Models of Scientific Discovery and
                 Theory Formation},
  EDITOR = {Jeff Shrager and Pat Langley},
  PAGES = {157--196},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@PHDTHESIS{falkenhainer:thesis88,
  TITLE = {Learning from Physical Analogies: {A} Study in Analogy
                 and the Explanation Process},
  AUTHOR = {Brian C. Falkenhainer},
  SCHOOL = {University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign},
  YEAR = {1988}
}


@INCOLLECTION{fargher:bkchapter94,
  AUTHOR = {Hugh Fargher and Richard Smith},
  TITLE = {Planning in a Flexible Semiconductor Manufacturing
                 Environment},
  BOOKTITLE = {Intelligent Scheduling},
  EDITOR = {Monte Zweben and Mark Fox},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  PAGES = {545--580},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {}
}


@PHDTHESIS{farquhar:thesis93,
  AUTHOR = {Adam Farquhar},
  TITLE = {Automated Modeling of Physical Systems in the Presence
                 of Incomplete Knowledge},
  NOTE = {Technical Report AI93-207},
  SCHOOL = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of
                 Texas},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@INCOLLECTION{fayyad:bkchapter96,
  TITLE = {From Data Mining to Knowledge Discovery},
  AUTHOR = {Usama M. Fayyad and Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro and
                 Padhraic Smyth},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining},
  EDITOR = {Usama M. Fayyad and Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro and
                 Padhraic Smyth and Ramasamy Uthurusamy},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, Mass.},
  PAGES = {1--34},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {KDD}
}


@ARTICLE{fayyad:de98,
  TITLE = {Learning Logical Definitions from Relations},
  AUTHOR = {Usama M. Fayyad},
  JOURNAL = {Data Engineering},
  VOLUME = {21},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {39--48},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{fayyad:kdd98,
  AUTHOR = {Usama M. Fayyad and Cory Reina and P. S. Bradley},
  TITLE = {Initialization of Iterative Refinement Clustering
                 Algorithms},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on
                 Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-98)},
  PAGES = {194--198},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{fayyad:ml93,
  TITLE = {{SKICAT}: {A} Machine Learning System for Automated
                 Cataloging of Large Scale Sky Surveys},
  AUTHOR = {Usama M. Fayyad and Nicholas Weir and S. George
                 Djorgovski},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-93)},
  PAGES = {112--119},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Amherst, MA},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{fayyad:mlj92,
  TITLE = {On the Handling of Continuous-Valued Attributes in
                 Decision Tree Generation},
  AUTHOR = {Usama M. Fayyad and Keki B. Irani},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {8},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {87--102},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {ID3}
}


@BOOK{fedorov:bk72,
  AUTHOR = {V. Federov},
  TITLE = {Theory of optimal experiments},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  YEAR = 1972
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{feldman:cogsci90,
  TITLE = {Miniature Language Acquisition: {A} touchstone for
                 Cognitive Science},
  AUTHOR = {Jerome Feldman and George Lakoff and Andreas Stolcke
                 and Susan Weber},
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  PAGES = {686--693},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{feldman:ijcai99-wkshp,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International
                 Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-99)
                 Workshop on Text Mining: Foundations, Techniques and
                 Applications},
  EDITOR = {Ronen Feldman},
  ADDRESS = {Stockholm, Sweden},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{feldman:kdd95,
  AUTHOR = {Ronen Feldman and Ido Dagan},
  TITLE = {Knowledge Discovery in Textual Databases ({KDT})},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on
                 Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-95)},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {112--117},
  ADDRESS = {Montreal, Canada}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{feldman:kdd96,
  TITLE = {Mining Associations in Text in the Presence of
                 Background Knowledge},
  AUTHOR = {Ronen Feldman and Haym Hirsh},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
                 Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-96)},
  PAGES = {343--346},
  ADDRESS = {Portland, OR},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{feldman:ml91,
  TITLE = {Incremental Refinement of Approximate Domain
                 Theories},
  AUTHOR = {Ronen Feldman and Alberto Maria Segre and Moshe
                 Koppel},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {500--504},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@MISC{feldman:ntl95,
  TITLE = {The Neural Theory of Language Project {\footnotesize
                 \verb+http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/NTL+}},
  AUTHOR = {Jerome Feldman and George Lakoff and Lokendra
                 Shastri},
  YEAR = {1995},
  HOWPUBLISHED = {International Computer Science Institute, University
                 of California, Berkeley, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{feldman:pakm98,
  AUTHOR = {Ronen Feldman and Moshe Fresko and Haym Hirsh and
                 Yonatan Aumann and Orly Liphstat and Yonatan Schler and
                 Martin Rajman},
  TITLE = {Knowledge Management: {A} Text Mining Approach},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of Second International Conference on
                 Practical Aspects of Knowledge Management (PAKM-98)},
  EDITOR = {Ulrich Reimer},
  ADDRESS = {Basel, Switzerland},
  PAGES = {9.1--9.10},
  MONTH = OCT,
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@PHDTHESIS{feldman:thesis93,
  AUTHOR = {Ronen Feldman},
  TITLE = {Probabilistic Revision of Logical Domain Theories},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Science, Cornell University},
  MONTH = MAY,
  YEAR = {1993},
  ADDRESS = {Ithaca, NY},
  NOTE = {}
}


@BOOK{fellbaum:book98,
  AUTHOR = {Christiane D. Fellbaum},
  TITLE = {{WordNet}: An Electronic Lexical Database},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@ARTICLE{fellegi:jasa69,
  AUTHOR = {I. P. Fellegi and A. B. Sunter},
  TITLE = {A Theory for Record Linkage},
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  VOLUME = {64},
  NUMBER = {328},
  MONTH = DEC,
  YEAR = {1969},
  PAGES = {1183--1210}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{fern:ml03,
  AUTHOR = {Xiaoli Fern and Carla Brodley},
  TITLE = {Random Projection for High Dimensional Data Clustering: A Cluster Ensemble Approach},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Machine
                 Learning (ICML-2003)},
  YEAR = 2003
}


@ARTICLE{fikes:ai71,
  AUTHOR = {Richard E. Fikes and Nils J. Nilsson},
  TITLE = {{STRIPS}: {A} New Approach to the Application of
                 Theorem Proving to Problem Solving},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1971},
  VOLUME = {2},
  NUMBER = {3/4},
  NOTES = {strips}
}


@ARTICLE{fikes:ai72,
  TITLE = {Learning and Executing Generalized Robot Plans},
  AUTHOR = {Richard E. Fikes and Peter E. Hart and Nils J.
                 Nilsson},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {3},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {251--288},
  YEAR = {1972},
  KEY = {ebl robotics planning strips}
}


@INCOLLECTION{fillmore:bkchapter68,
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  TITLE = {The Case for Case},
  BOOKTITLE = {Universals in Linguistic Theory},
  EDITOR = {E. Bach and R. T. Harms},
  PUBLISHER = {Holt, Reinhart and Winston},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1968},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{fillmore:lrec02,
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  TITLE = {The {FrameNet} Database and Software Tools},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)},
  PAGES = {1157--1160},
  ADDRESS = {Las Palmas},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{finkelstein-landau:oegii99,
  AUTHOR = {Michal Finkelstein-Landau and Emmanuel Morin},
  TITLE = {Extracting Semantic Relationships between Terms:
                 Supervised vs. Unsupervised Methods},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of International Workshop on Ontological
                 Engineering on the Global Information Infrastructure},
  ADDRESS = {Dagstuhl Castle, Germany},
  PAGES = {71--80},
  MONTH = MAY,
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@BOOK{finn:book96,
  AUTHOR = {Theodore Wilbur Anderson and Jeremy D. Finn},
  TITLE = {The New Statistical Analysis of Data},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@ARTICLE{finn:ml98,
  AUTHOR = {Paul W. Finn and Stephen Muggleton and David Page and Ashwin Srinivasan},
  TITLE = {Pharmacophore Discovery Using the Inductive Logic Programming System {PROGOL}},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {30},
  NUMBER = {2-3},
  PAGES = {241-270},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INCOLLECTION{fisher:bkchapter94,
  TITLE = {When it is better to receive than to give: Syntactic
                 and conceptual constraints on vocabulary growth},
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia Fisher},
  BOOKTITLE = {The Acquisition of the Lexicon},
  EDITOR = {L. Gleitman and B. Landau},
  PAGES = {333--375},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@ARTICLE{fisher:eugenics36,
  AUTHOR = {R. A. Fisher},
  TITLE = {The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic
                 problems},
  JOURNAL = {Annual Eugenics},
  VOLUME = {7},
  PAGES = {179--188},
  YEAR = {1936},
  KEYWORD = {Iris data set}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{fisher:ijcai89,
  TITLE = {An Empirical Comparison of {ID3} and Backpropagation},
  AUTHOR = {Douglas H. Fisher and Kathleen B. McKusick},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  PAGES = {788--793},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{fisher:mlj87,
  TITLE = {Knowledge Acquisition Via Incremental Conceptual
                 Clustering},
  AUTHOR = {Douglas H. Fisher},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {2},
  PAGES = {139--172},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {COBWEB}
}


@ARTICLE{flann:mlj89,
  TITLE = {A Study of Explanation-based Methods for Inductive
                 Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Nicholas S. Flann and Thomas G. Dietterich},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {4},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {187--226},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {IOE EBL/SBL}
}


@TECHREPORT{flann:tr88,
  TITLE = {A Study of Explanation-Based Methods for Inductive
                 Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Nicholas S. Flann and Thomas G. Dietterich},
  NUMBER = {88-30-11},
  INSTITUTION = {DCS, Oregon State University},
  ADDRESS = {Corvallis, OR},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {IOE}
}


@INCOLLECTION{flener:bkchapter97,
  TITLE = {Inductive Logic Program Synthesis with {DIALOGS}},
  AUTHOR = {Pierre Flener},
  BOOKTITLE = {Inductive Logic Programming: Selected papers from the
                 6th International Workshop},
  EDITOR = {Stephen Muggleton},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  PAGES = {175--198},
  YEAR = {1997},
  KEY = {ILP, abind}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{forbus:aaai88,
  AUTHOR = {Kenneth D. Forbus and Johan de Kleer},
  TITLE = {Focusing the {ATMS}},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-88)},
  YEAR = {1988},
  PAGES = {193--198},
  ADDRESS = {St. Paul, Minnesota}
}


@ARTICLE{forbus:ai84,
  TITLE = {Qualitative Process Theory},
  AUTHOR = {Kenneth D. Forbus},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {24},
  PAGES = {85--168},
  YEAR = {1984},
  KEY = {qp qpt}
}


@BOOK{forbus:book93,
  AUTHOR = {Kenneth D. Forbus and Johan de Kleer},
  TITLE = {Building Problem Solvers},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1993},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}
}


@ARTICLE{foulser:ai92,
  AUTHOR = {David E. Foulser and Ming Li and Qiang Yang},
  TITLE = {Theory and algorithms for plan merging},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1992},
  VOLUME = {52},
  PAGES = {143--181},
  NOTES = {static}
}


@BOOK{frakes:book92,
  EDITOR = {William B. Frakes and Ricardo A. Baeza-Yates},
  AUTHOR = {},
  TITLE = {Information Retrieval: Data Structures and
                 Algorithms},
  PUBLISHER = {Prentice Hall},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@BOOK{francis:brown82,
  TITLE = {Frequency Analysis of English Usage: Lexicon and
                 Grammar},
  AUTHOR = {W. Nelson Francis and Henry Kucera},
  PUBLISHER = {Houghton Mifflin},
  ADDRESS = {Boston},
  YEAR = {1982},
  KEY = {BrownCorpus}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{franke:mbr89,
  AUTHOR = {David W. Franke and Daniel Dvorak},
  TITLE = {Component-connection models},
  BOOKTITLE = {Model-Based Reasoning Workshop: IJCAI-89},
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, Michigan},
  MONTH = AUG
}


@ARTICLE{frean:nc90,
  TITLE = {The {U}pstart Algorithm: {A} Method for Constructing
                 and Training Feedforward Neural Networks},
  AUTHOR = {Marcus Frean},
  JOURNAL = {Neural Computation},
  VOLUME = {2},
  PAGES = {198--209},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {The Upstart Algorithm}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{freitag:aaai00a,
  TITLE = {Boosted Wrapper Induction},
  AUTHOR = {Dayne Freitag and Nicholas Kushmerick},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-2000)},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press / The MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  PAGES = {577--583},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{freitag:aaai00b,
  TITLE = {Information Extraction with {HMM} Structures Learned
                 by Stochastic Optimization},
  AUTHOR = {Dayne Freitag and Andrew McCallum},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-2000)},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press / The MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{freitag:aaai98,
  AUTHOR = {Dayne Freitag},
  TITLE = {Information Extraction From {HTML}: Application of a
                 General Learning Approach},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-98)},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press / The MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1998},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {517--523}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{freitag:acl98,
  AUTHOR = {Dayne Freitag},
  TITLE = {Toward General-Purpose Learning for Information
                 Extraction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics and COLING-98
                 (ACL/COLING-98)},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {404--408},
  ADDRESS = {Montreal, Quebec}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{freitag:ml-ie-wkshp99,
  AUTHOR = {Dayne Freitag and Andrew McCallum},
  TITLE = {Information extraction with {HMM}s and shrinkage},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the Sixteenth National Conference
                 on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99) Workshop on
                 Machine Learning for Information Extraction},
  ADDRESS = {Orlando, FL},
  PAGES = {31--36},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{freitag:ml98,
  AUTHOR = {Dayne Freitag},
  TITLE = {Multi-Strategy Learning for Information Extraction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-98)},
  YEAR = {1998},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {161--169}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{freitag:mlwkshop97,
  AUTHOR = {Dayne Freitag},
  TITLE = {Using Grammatical Inference to Improve Precision in
                 Information Extraction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Working Notes of the ICML-97 Workshop on Automata
                 Induction, Grammatical Inference and Language
                 Acquisition},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1997},
  PAGES = {},
  ADDRESS = {Nashville, TN}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{freund:icml96,
  AUTHOR = {Y. Freund and R. E. Schapire},
  TITLE = {Experiments with a New Boosting Algorithm},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the {T}hirteenth {I}nternational
                   {C}onference on {M}achine {L}earning},
  PAGES = {148-156},
  ADDRESS = {Bari, Italy},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = 1996
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{freund:icml99,
  AUTHOR = {Y. Freund and L. Mason},
  TITLE = {The alternating decision tree learning algorithm},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-99)},
  ADDRESS = {Bled, Slovenia},
  YEAR = 1999
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{freund:ml96,
  AUTHOR = {Yoav Freund and Robert E. Schapire},
  TITLE = {Experiments with a New Boosting Algorithm},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-96)},
  EDITOR = {Lorenza Saitta},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  MONTH = JUL,
  KEY = {boosting adaboost}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{freund:ml98,
  AUTHOR = {Yoav Freund and Raj Iyer and Robert E. Schapire and
                   Yoram Singer},
  TITLE = {An efficient boosting algorithm for combining
                   preferences},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of {ICML}-98, 15th International
                   Conference on Machine Learning},
  EDITOR = {Jude W. Shavlik},
  PAGES = {170--178},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, US},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, US},
  YEAR = 1998
}


@ARTICLE{freund:mlj97,
  TITLE = {Selective Sampling Using the Query by Committee
                 Algorithm},
  AUTHOR = {Yoav Freund and H. Sebastian Seung and Eli Shamir and
                 Naftali Tishby},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {28},
  PAGES = {133--168},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@ARTICLE{frey:ieee01,
  AUTHOR = {F. R. Kschischang and B. Frey and H.-A. Loeliger},
  TITLE = {Factor Graphs and the Sum-Product Algorithm},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Information Theory},
  YEAR = 2001,
  VOLUME = 47,
  NUMBER = 2,
  PAGES = {498--519}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{friedman:aaai96,
  AUTHOR = {Nir Friedman and Moises Goldszmidt},
  TITLE = {Building Classifiers using {B}ayesian Networks},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {1277--1284}
}


@ARTICLE{friedman:as91,
  AUTHOR = {J. H. Friedman},
  YEAR = {1991},
  TITLE = {Multivariate adaptive regression splines},
  JOURNAL = {The Annals of Statistics},
  VOLUME = {19},
  PAGES = {1--141},
  KEYWORDS = {}
}


@ARTICLE{friedman:bioinfo01,
  AUTHOR = {C. Friedman and P. Kra and H. Yu and M. Krauthammer and A. Rzhetsky},
  TITLE = {{GENIES}: A Natural-Language Processing System for the Extraction of Molecular Pathways from Journal Articles},
  JOURNAL = {Bioinformatics},
  VOLUME = {17},
  PAGES = {S74-S82},
  NOTE = {Supplement 1},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@ARTICLE{friedman:dmkd97,
  AUTHOR = {Jerome H. Friedman},
  TITLE = {On Bias, Variance, 0/1-Loss, and the
                   Curse-of-Dimensionality},
  JOURNAL = {Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery},
  VOLUME = {1},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {55--77},
  YEAR = 1997
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{friedman:ijcai97,
  TITLE = {Challenge: What is the Impact of {Bayesian} Networks
                 on Learning?},
  AUTHOR = {Nir Friedman and Moises Goldszmidt and David Heckerman
                 and S. Russell},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-97)},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PAGES = {10--15},
  ADDRESS = {Nagoya, Japan},
  KEY = {Bayes nets}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{friedman:ijcai99,
  TITLE = {Learning Probabilistic Relational Models},
  AUTHOR = {Nir Friedman and Lise Getoor and Daphne Koller and Avi
                 Pfeffer},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-99)},
  YEAR = {1999},
  ADDRESS = {Stockholm, Sweden}
}


@ARTICLE{friedman:kdd97,
  AUTHOR = {Jerome H. Friedman},
  TITLE = {On Bias, Variance, 0/1-Loss, and the
                   Curse-of-Dimensionality.},
  JOURNAL = {Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery},
  VOLUME = {1},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {55-77},
  YEAR = 1997
}


@ARTICLE{friedman:ms77,
  TITLE = {An Algorithm for Finding Best Matches in Logarithmic
                 Expected Time},
  AUTHOR = {Jerome H. Friedman and Jon Louis Bentley and Raphael
                 A. Finkel},
  JOURNAL = {ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software},
  VOLUME = {3},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {209--226},
  YEAR = {1977},
  KEY = {k-d trees, nearest neighbor}
}


@TECHREPORT{friedman:tr94,
  AUTHOR = {J. Friedman},
  TITLE = {Flexible metric nearest neighbor classification},
  INSTITUTION = {Stanford University Statistics Department},
  NUMBER = {113},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@ARTICLE{fu:connsc89,
  TITLE = {Integration of Neural Heuristics into Knowledge-based
                 Inference},
  AUTHOR = {Li-Min Fu},
  JOURNAL = {Connection Science},
  VOLUME = {1},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {325--339},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{fu:ieeesmc93,
  TITLE = {Knowledge-based Connectionism for Revising Domain
                 Theories},
  AUTHOR = {Li Min Fu},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics},
  VOLUME = {23},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {173--182},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {Fu}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{fu:isiknh94,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on
                 Integrating Knowledge and Neural Heuristics},
  YEAR = {1994},
  EDITOR = {Li Min Fu},
  MONTH = MAY
}


@ARTICLE{fujii:compling98,
  TITLE = {Selective Sampling for Example-based Word Sense
                 Disambiguation},
  AUTHOR = {Atsushi Fujii and Kentaro Inui and Takenobu Tokunaga
                 and Hozumi Tanaka},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {24},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {573--598},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{fukuda:psb98,
  AUTHOR = {K. Fukuda and T. Tsunoda and A. Tamura and T. Takagi},
  TITLE = {Information Extraction: {I}dentifying Protein Names
                 from Biological Papers},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 3rd Pacific Symposium on
                 Biocomputing},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {707--718}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{fukumoto:lex95,
  TITLE = {Representation and Acquisition of Verbal Polysemy},
  AUTHOR = {Fumiyo Fukumoto and Jun'ichi Tsujii},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the 1995 AAAI Symposium on the
                 Representation and Acquisition of Lexical Knowledge:
                 Polysemy, Ambiguity, and Generativity},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {39--44},
  MONTH = MAR,
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA}
}


@ARTICLE{fung:cacm95,
  AUTHOR = {Robert Fung and Brendan {Del Favero}},
  TITLE = {Applying {B}ayesian Networks to Information
                 Retrieval},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  YEAR = {1995},
  VOLUME = {38},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {42--48},
  MONTH = MAR,
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{fung:colt03,
  AUTHOR = {G. M. Fung and O. L. Mangasarian and J. W. Shavlik},
  TITLE = {Knowledge-Based Nonlinear Kernel Classifiers},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference on Computational Learning Theory (COLT)},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{fung:nips02,
  AUTHOR = {G. M. Fung and O. L. Mangasarian and J. W. Shavlik},
  TITLE = {Knowledge-Based Support Vector Machine Classifiers},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of Sixteenth Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{furnkranz:textcat-wkshp98,
  TITLE = {A Case Study in Using Linguistic Phrases for Text
                 Categorization on the {WWW}},
  AUTHOR = {Johannes F{\"{u}}rnkranz and Tom Mitchell and Ellen
                 Riloff},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the AAAI-98 Workshop on Text
                 Categorization},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {5--12},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{gale:acl91,
  AUTHOR = {William A. Gale and Kenneth Ward Church},
  TITLE = {A Program for Aligning sentences in bilingual
                 corpora},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-91)},
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {177--184}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{gale:acl92,
  AUTHOR = {William A. Gale and Kenneth Ward Church and David
                 Yarowsky},
  TITLE = {Estimating Upper and Lower Bounds on the Performance
                 of Word-Sense Disambiguation Programs},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-92)},
  YEAR = {1992},
  PAGES = {249--256},
  ADDRESS = {Newark, Delaware}
}


@ARTICLE{gale:ch92,
  TITLE = {A Method for Disambiguating Word Senses in a Large
                 Corpus},
  AUTHOR = {William A. Gale and Kenneth Ward Church and David
                 Yarowsky},
  JOURNAL = {Computers and the Humanities},
  VOLUME = {26},
  PAGES = {415--439},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{gale:snlw91,
  AUTHOR = {William A. Gale and Kenneth Ward Church},
  TITLE = {Identifying Word Correspondences in Parallel Texts},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth {DARPA} Speech and Natural
                 Language Workshop},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{galhardas:vldb01,
  AUTHOR = {Helena Galhardas and Daniela Florescu and Dennis
                   Shasha and Eric Simon and Cristian Saita},
  TITLE = {Declarative data cleaning: Language, model, and
                   algorithms},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on
                 Very Large Databases (VLDB-2001)},
  PAGES = {371--380},
  ADDRESS = {Rome, Italy},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@ARTICLE{gallant:cacm88,
  TITLE = {Connectionist Expert Systems},
  AUTHOR = {Stephen I. Gallant},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {31},
  PAGES = {152--169},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {}
}


@TECHREPORT{gallant:tr85,
  TITLE = {The Pocket Algorithm for Perceptron Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Stephen I. Gallant},
  NUMBER = {SG-85-19},
  INSTITUTION = {Northeastern University College of Computer Science},
  YEAR = {1985},
  KEY = {Pocket Algorithm}
}


@BOOK{gardenfors:book88,
  TITLE = {Knowledge In Flux: Modeling the Dynamics of Epistemic
                 States},
  AUTHOR = {Peter G{\"{a}}rdenfors},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{gardenfors:book92,
  TITLE = {Belief Revision},
  EDITOR = {Peter G{\"{a}}rdenfors},
  PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, England},
  SERIES = {Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@BOOK{garey:book79,
  TITLE = {Computers and Intractability: {A} Guide to the Theory
                 of {NP}-Completeness},
  AUTHOR = {Michael Garey and David Johnson},
  PUBLISHER = {Freeman},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  YEAR = {1979},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{garey:info82,
  AUTHOR = {M. R. Garey and D. S. Johnson and H. S. Witsenhausen},
  TITLE = {The complexity of the generalized {L}loyd-Max problem},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Information Theory},
  YEAR = {1982},
  VOLUME = {28},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {255-256}
}


@BOOK{gazdar:book89,
  TITLE = {Natural Language Processing in Prolog},
  AUTHOR = {Gerald Gazdar and Chris Mellish},
  PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{gazdar:gpsg95,
  AUTHOR = {Gerald Gazdar and Ewan Klein and Geoffrey K. Pullum
                 and Ivan A. Sag},
  TITLE = {Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar},
  PUBLISHER = {Harvard University Press},
  YEAR = {1982},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{geiger:aaai90,
  TITLE = {Learning Causal Trees from Dependence Information},
  AUTHOR = {Dan Geiger and Azaria Paz and Judea Pearl},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Boston,MA},
  PAGES = {770--776}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{gelfand:textcat-wkshp98,
  TITLE = {Automated Concept Extraction from Plain Text},
  AUTHOR = {Boris Gelfand and Marilyn Wulfekuler and William F.
                 Punch},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the AAAI-98 Workshop on Text
                 Categorization},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {13--17},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI}
}


@ARTICLE{geman:pami84,
  AUTHOR = {Stuart Geman and Donald Geman},
  TITLE = {Stochastic Relaxation, {G}ibbs Distributions and the
                 {B}ayesian Restoration of Images},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
                 Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1984},
  VOLUME = {6},
  PAGES = {721--742},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@ARTICLE{genesereth:ai84,
  AUTHOR = {Michael R. Genesereth},
  TITLE = {The Use of Design Descriptions in Automated
                 Diagnosis},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1984},
  VOLUME = {24},
  PAGES = {411--436}
}


@ARTICLE{gennari:ai89,
  AUTHOR = {John H. Gennari and Pat Langley and Douglas Fisher},
  TITLE = {Models of incremental concept formation},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {40},
  PAGES = {11--61},
  YEAR = {1989}
}


@INCOLLECTION{gentner:noun,
  TITLE = {Why nouns are learned before verbs: Linguistic
                 relativity versus natural partitioning},
  AUTHOR = {Donald R. Gentner},
  BOOKTITLE = {Language development: Volume 2, Language, thought and
                 culture},
  EDITOR = {Stan A. Kuczaj},
  PUBLISHER = {Erlbaum},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  PAGES = {301--334},
  YEAR = {1982}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{getoor:srm-wkshp00,
  TITLE = {Papers from the {AAAI} Workshop on Learning
                 Statistical Models from Relational Data},
  EDITOR = {Lise Getoor and David Jensen},
  YEAR = {2000},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ghahramani:nips94,
  TITLE = {Supervised learning from incomplete data via the {EM} approach},
  AUTHOR = {Z. Ghahramani and M. I. Jordan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 6},
  PAGES = {120--127},
  KEY = {semi-supervised},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ghani:icdm02,
  AUTHOR = {Rayid Ghani and Andrew E. Fano},
  TITLE = {Using Text Mining to Infer Semantic Attirbutes for  
                 Retail Data Mining},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Conference
                 on Data Mining (ICDM-2002)},
  PUBLISHER = {IEEE Computer Society},
  ADDRESS = {Maebash City, Japan},
  PAGES = {195--202},
  MONTH = DEC,
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ghani:kdd00-wkshp,
  AUTHOR = {Rayid Ghani and Rosie Jones and Dunja Mladeni\'{c} and
                 Kamal Nigam and Sean Slattery},
  TITLE = {Data Mining on Symbolic Knowledge Extracted from the
                 {W}eb},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2000) Workshop on Text Mining},
  EDITOR = {Dunja Mladeni\'{c}},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {29--36},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@TECHREPORT{gil:tr91,
  TITLE = {A Specification of Manufacturing Processes for
                 Planning},
  AUTHOR = {Yolanda Gil},
  NUMBER = {CMU-CS-91-179},
  INSTITUTION = {School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
                 University},
  ADDRESS = {Pittsburgh, PA},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{gildea:compling02,
  TITLE = {Automated Labeling of Semantic Roles},
  AUTHOR = {D. Gildea and D. Jurafsky},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {28},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {245--288},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{giles:dl98,
  TITLE = {{CiteSeer}: An Automatic Citation Indexing System},
  AUTHOR = {C. Lee Giles and Kurt Bollacker and Steve Lawrence},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third ACM Conference on Digital
                 Libraries},
  YEAR = 1998,
  MONTH = {June 23--26},
  ADDRESS = {Pittsburgh, PA},
  PAGES = {89--98},
  KEY = {Clustering, Information integration}
}


@INCOLLECTION{gilmore:bkchapter88,
  AUTHOR = {David Gilmore and John Self},
  TITLE = {The Application of Machine Learning to Intelligent
                 Tutoring Systems},
  BOOKTITLE = {Artificial Intelligence and Human Learning},
  EDITOR = {John Self},
  PUBLISHER = {Chapman and Hall},
  CHAPTER = {11},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  YEAR = {1988}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ginsberg:aaai88,
  TITLE = {Theory Revision via Prior Operationalization},
  AUTHOR = {Allen Ginsberg},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-88)},
  ADDRESS = {St. Paul, MN},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {590--595},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {pac learnability}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ginsberg:aaai88a,
  TITLE = {Knowlege-Base Reduction: {A} New Apporach to Checking
                 Knowledge Bases for Inconsistency & Redundancy},
  AUTHOR = {Allen Ginsberg},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-88)},
  ADDRESS = {St. Paul, MN},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {585--589},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {pac learnability}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ginsberg:aaai90,
  TITLE = {Theory Reduction, Theory Revision, and Retranslation},
  AUTHOR = {Allen Ginsberg},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90)},
  YEAR = {1990},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {777--782},
  KEY = {theory refinement}
}


@ARTICLE{ginsberg:ai88,
  TITLE = {Automatic Knowledge Based Refinement for
                 Classification Systems},
  AUTHOR = {Allen Ginsberg and Sholom M. Weiss and Peter
                 Politakis},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {35},
  PAGES = {197--226},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {rtls}
}


@ARTICLE{ginsberg:ai89,
  AUTHOR = {Matthew L. Ginsberg},
  TITLE = {A Circumscriptive Theorem Prover},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1989},
  VOLUME = {39},
  PAGES = {209--230}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ginsberg:ml89,
  TITLE = {Knowledge Base Refinement and Theory Revision},
  AUTHOR = {Allen Ginsberg},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {260--265},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Ithaca, NY},
  KEY = {ebl/sbl}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{giordana:ijcai93,
  AUTHOR = {Botta, M. and Giordana, A.},
  TITLE = {A Multi-Strategy Learning Tool},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence 1993},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer-Verlag},
  MONTH = {},
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@BOOK{gleitman:book94,
  TITLE = {The Acquisition of the Lexicon},
  EDITOR = {L. Gleitman and B. Landau},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@ARTICLE{gleitman:langacq90,
  AUTHOR = {Lila R. Gleitman},
  TITLE = {Structural Sources of Verb Meaning},
  JOURNAL = {Language Acquisition},
  YEAR = {1990},
  VOLUME = {1},
  PAGES = {3--55}
}


@ARTICLE{glymour:jecon88,
  AUTHOR = {Clarke Glymour and Peter Spirtes},
  TITLE = {Latent Variables, Causal Models and Overidentifying
                 Constraints},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Econometrics},
  YEAR = {1988},
  VOLUME = {39},
  PAGES = {175--198},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{godfrey:icassp92,
  AUTHOR = {J. J. Godfrey and E. C. Holliman and J. McDaniel},
  TITLE = {{SWITCHBOARD}: Telephone Speech Corpus for Research
                 and Development},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
                 Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing},
  PAGES = {517--520},
  YEAR = {1992},
  VOLUME = {I},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco},
  MONTH = MAR
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{goecks:iui00,
  AUTHOR = {Jeremy Goecks and Jude Shavlik},
  TITLE = {Learning Users' Interests by Unobtrusively Observing
                  Their Normal Behavior},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 2000 Conference on Intelligent
                  User Interfaces},
  ADDRESS = {New Orleans},
  PAGES = {129--132},
  YEAR = 2000,
  PUBLISHER = {ACM Press}
}


@ARTICLE{goldberg:cacm92,
  AUTHOR = {David Goldberg and David Nichols and Brian M. Oki and
                 Douglas Terry},
  TITLE = {Using Collaborative Filtering to Weave an Information
                 Tapestry},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {35},
  NUMBER = {12},
  YEAR = {1992},
  PAGES = {61--70}
}


@ARTICLE{goldin-meadow:language90,
  AUTHOR = {Susan Goldin-Meadow and Carolyn Mylander},
  TITLE = {Beyond the input given: The child's role in the
                 acquisition of language},
  JOURNAL = {Language},
  VOLUME = {66},
  PAGES = {323--355},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{goldin-meadow:science77,
  AUTHOR = {Susan Goldin-Meadow and Heidi Feldman},
  TITLE = {The development of language-like communication without
                 a language model},
  JOURNAL = {Science},
  VOLUME = {197},
  PAGES = {372--374},
  YEAR = {1977},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{golding:aaai91,
  TITLE = {Improving Rule-Based Systems through Case-Based
                 Reasoning},
  AUTHOR = {Andrew R. Golding and Paul S. Rosenbloom},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-91)},
  PAGES = {22--27},
  MONTH = JUL,
  ADDRESS = {Anaheim, CA},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {Anapron}
}


@ARTICLE{golding:mlj99,
  AUTHOR = {Andrew R. Golding and Dan Roth},
  YEAR = {1999},
  TITLE = {A Winnow-Based Approach to Context-Sensitive Spelling
                 Correction},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {34},
  PAGES = {107--130},
  KEY = {NLL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{goldman:pr88,
  AUTHOR = {Robert P. Goldman and Eugene Charniak},
  TITLE = {A Probabilistic {ATMS} for Plan Recognition},
  BOOKTITLE = {Working Notes of the Workshop on Plan Recognition,
                 National Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1988},
  ADDRESS = {St. Paul, MN}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{goldman:pr89,
  AUTHOR = {Robert P. Goldman and Eugene Charniak},
  TITLE = {A Probabilistic Approach to Plan Recognition and Text
                 Understanding},
  BOOKTITLE = {Working Notes of the Second AAAI Workshop on Plan
                 Recognition},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, Michigan}
}


@PHDTHESIS{goldman:thesis90,
  AUTHOR = {Robert P. Goldman},
  TITLE = {A Probabilistic Approach to Language Understanding},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Science, Brown University},
  MONTH = DEC,
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Providence, RI},
  NOTE = {Technical Report CS-90-34}
}


@TECHREPORT{goldszmidt:tr98,
  AUTHOR = {Moises Goldszmidt and Mehran Sahami},
  TITLE = {A Probabilistic Approach to Full-Text Document Clustering},
  INSTITUTION = {SRI International},
  YEAR = {1998},
  NUMBER = {ITAD-433-MS-98-044}
}


@ARTICLE{gomez:jmiv00,
  AUTHOR = {Juan Francisco Gomez-Lopera and Jose Martinez-Aroza and Aureliano M. Robles-Perez and Ramon Roman-Roldan},
  TITLE = {An Analysis of Edge Detection by Using the {J}ensen-{S}hannon Divergence},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision},
  VOLUME = {13},
  NUMBER = {1},
  YEAR = {2000},
  ISSN = {0924-9907},
  PAGES = {35--56},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{good:aaai99,
  TITLE = {Combining Collaborative Filtering with Personal Agents
                 for Better Recommendations},
  AUTHOR = {Nathaniel Good and J. Ben Schafer and Joseph A.
                 Konstan and Al Borchers and Badrul Sarwar and Jonathan
                 L. Herlocker and John Riedl},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99)},
  ADDRESS = {Orlando, FL},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {439--446},
  KEY = {recommender systems, content-based},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{goodman:acl96,
  AUTHOR = {Joshua Goodman},
  TITLE = {Parsing Algorithms and Metrics},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PAGES = {177--183},
  ADDRESS = {Santa Cruz, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{goodman:emnlp96,
  TITLE = {Efficient Algorithms for Parsing the {DOP} Model},
  AUTHOR = {Joshua Goodman},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in
                 Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PAGES = {143--152},
  ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, PA}
}


@ARTICLE{gordon:mlj95,
  TITLE = {Evaluation and Selection of Biases in Machine
                 Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Diana F. Gordon and Marie desJardins},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {20},
  NUMBER = {1/2},
  PAGES = {5--22},
  YEAR = {1995},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{gotoh:jmb82,
  AUTHOR = {Osamu Gotoh},
  TITLE = {An improved algorithm for matching biological
                  sequences},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Molecular Biology},
  VOLUME = {162},
  PAGES = {705--708},
  YEAR = 1982
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{granger:aaai80,
  AUTHOR = {Richard Horace {Granger Jr.}},
  TITLE = {When Expectation Fails: Towards a Self-Correcting
                 Inference System},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-80)},
  YEAR = {1980},
  PAGES = {301--305},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, California}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{granger:ijcai77,
  TITLE = {{FOUL-UP}: a program that figures out meanings of
                 words from context},
  AUTHOR = {Richard H. Granger},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial intelligence (IJCAI-77)},
  PAGES = {172--178},
  YEAR = {1977}
}


@PHDTHESIS{granger:thesis80,
  AUTHOR = {Richard Horace {Granger Jr.}},
  TITLE = {Adaptive Understanding: Correcting Erroneous
                 Inferences},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Science, Yale University},
  MONTH = JAN,
  YEAR = {1980},
  ADDRESS = {New Haven, CT},
  NOTE = {Technical Report 171}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{gratch:aaai92,
  TITLE = {{COMPOSER}: {A} Probabilistic Solution to the Utility
                 Problem in Speed-up Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Jonathan Gratch and Gerald F. DeJong},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-92)},
  PAGES = {235--240},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {San Jose, CA},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{gratch:ml91,
  AUTHOR = {Jonathan Gratch and Gerald F. DeJong},
  TITLE = {A Hybrid Approach to Guaranteed Effective Control
                 Strategies},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {509--513},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston,IL},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{gravano:vldb01,
  AUTHOR = {Luis Gravano and Panagiotis G. Ipeirotis and H. V.   
                 Jagadish and Nick Koudas and S. Muthukrishnan and
                 Divesh Srivastava},
  TITLE = {Approximate String Joins in a Database (Almost) for  
                 Free},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on
                 Very Large Databases (VLDB-2001)},
  EDITOR = {Peter M. G. Apers and Paolo Atzeni and Stefano Ceri
                 and Stefano Paraboschi and Kotagiri Ramamohanarao and
                 Richard T. Snodgrass},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {Rome, Italy},
  PAGES = {491--500},
  MONTH = SEP,
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@INCOLLECTION{green:bkchapter63,
  TITLE = {Baseball: An Automatic Question Answerer},
  AUTHOR = {Bert F. Green and Alice K. Wolf and Carol Chomsky and
                 Kenneth Laughery},
  BOOKTITLE = {Computers and Thought},
  EDITOR = {Edward A. Feigenbaum and Julian Feldman},
  PUBLISHER = {McGraw Hill},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  PAGES = {207--216},
  YEAR = {1963},
  NOTE = {Reprinted in {\it Readings in Natural Language
                 Processing}, Barbara J. Grosz, K. {Spark Jones}, and B.
                 {Lynn Webber} (eds.), Morgan Kaufman, Los Altos, CA,
                 1986.},
  KEY = {LUNAR}
}


@ARTICLE{greiner:ai02,
  AUTHOR = {Russell Greiner and Adam Grove and Dan Roth},
  TITLE = {Learning Cost-Sensitive Active Classifiers},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {139},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {137--174},
  YEAR = {2002},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{greiner:ijcai89,
  TITLE = {Incorporating Redundant Learned Rules: {A} Preliminary
                 Formal Analysis of {EBL}},
  AUTHOR = {Russell Greiner and Joseph Likuski},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  PAGES = {744--749},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  KEY = {}
}


@TECHREPORT{grenander:tr67,
  AUTHOR = {Ulf Grenander},
  TITLE = {Syntax-Controlled Probabilities},
  INSTITUTION = {Brown University},
  YEAR = {1967},
  NOTE = {Division of Applied Mathematics}
}


@INCOLLECTION{grice:bkchapter75,
  AUTHOR = {H. Paul Grice},
  TITLE = {Logic and Conversation},
  BOOKTITLE = {Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  YEAR = {1975},
  EDITOR = {Peter Cole and Jerry Morgan},
  PAGES = {41--58},
  ADDRESS = {New York}
}


@INCOLLECTION{grimshaw:bkchapter81,
  AUTHOR = {Jane Grimshaw},
  TITLE = {Form, function, and the language acquisition device},
  BOOKTITLE = {The logical problem of language acquisition},
  PAGES = {165--182},
  EDITOR = {C. L. Baker and J. J. McCarthy},
  PUBLISHER = {M.I.T. Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA and London, England},
  YEAR = {1981}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{grobelnik:icdm01-wkshp,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM-2001)
           Workshop on Text Mining (TextDM'2001)},
  EDITOR = {Marko Grobelnik},
  ADDRESS = {San Jose, CA},
  MON = NOV,
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{grobelnik:icml-wkshp02,
  EDITOR = {M. Grobelnik and N. Milic-Frayling and D. Mladenic},
  TITLE = {Papers from the Nineteenth International
                 Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-2002) Workshop on
                 Text Learning},
  ADDRESS = {Sydney, Australia},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{grobelnik:ijcai-wkshp03,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the IJCAI-2003 Workshop on Text Mining
                  and Link-Analysis Workshop},
  EDITOR = {Marko Grobelnik and Natasa Milic-Frayling and Dunja Maldeni\'{c}},
  ORGANIZATION = {AAAI},
  ADDRESS = {Acapulco, Mexico},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{grobelnik:ijcai03-wkshp,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Joint Conference on
                  Artificial Intelligence(IJCAI-2003) Workshop on Text Mining and
                  Link Analysis (TextLink-2003)},
  EDITOR = {Marko Grobelnik},
  ADDRESS = {Acapulco, Mexico},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {2003},
  KEY = {text mining}
}


@ARTICLE{gropen:cog91,
  AUTHOR = {Jess Gropen and Steven Pinker and Michelle. Hollander
                 and Richard Goldberg},
  TITLE = {Affectedness and Direct Objects: The role of Lexical
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                 Structure},
  JOURNAL = {Cognition},
  YEAR = {1991},
  VOLUME = {41},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {}
}


@ARTICLE{grosz:ai96,
  TITLE = {Collaborative Plans for Complex Group Action},
  AUTHOR = {Barbara J. Grosz and Sarit Kraus},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {86},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {269--357},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@INCOLLECTION{grosz:bkchapter78,
  AUTHOR = {Barbara J. Grosz},
  TITLE = {Discourse Analysis},
  BOOKTITLE = {Understanding Spoken Language},
  EDITOR = {Donald E. Walker},
  PUBLISHER = {Elsevier North-Holland},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  YEAR = {1978}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{guckenbiehl:dx90,
  AUTHOR = {Thomas Guckenbiehl and Gisela Sch{\"{a}}fer-Richter},
  TITLE = {{SIDIA}: Extending Prediction-based Diagnosis to
                 Dynamic Models},
  BOOKTITLE = {Working Notes of the 1st International Workshop on
                 Principles of Diagnosis},
  YEAR = {1990},
  PAGES = {74--82},
  ADDRESS = {Menlo Park, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{guha:icde99,
  AUTHOR = {S. Guha and R. Rastogi and K. Shim},
  TITLE = {Rock: a robust clsutering algorithm for categorical attributes},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Data Engineering},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@ARTICLE{gupta:cogscij94,
  TITLE = {Connectionist Models and Linguistic Theory:
                 Investigations of Stress Systems in Language},
  AUTHOR = {Prahlad Gupta and David S. Touretzky},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {1--50},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {nla}
}


@BOOK{gusfield:book97,
  AUTHOR = {Dan Gusfield},
  TITLE = {Algorithms on Strings, Trees and Sequences},
  PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@ARTICLE{haas:jlp97,
  TITLE = {From context-free to definite-clause grammars: a
                 type-theoretic approach},
  AUTHOR = {Juergen Haas and Buharat Jayaraman},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  VOLUME = {30},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {1--23},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@BOOK{hagel:bk99,
  AUTHOR = {John Hagel and Marc Singerare},
  TITLE = {Net Worth: Shaping Markets When Customers Make the Rules},
  PUBLISHER = {Harvard Business School Press},
  YEAR = 1999
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{hahn:psb02,
  AUTHOR = {U. Hahn and M. Romacker and S. Schulz},
  TITLE = {Creating Knowledge Repositories from Biomedical
                 Reports: {T}he {MEDSYNDIKATE} Text Mining System},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 7th Pacific Symposium on
                 Biocomputing},
  YEAR = {2002},
  PAGES = {338--349},
  ADDRESS = {Kauai, HI},
  MONTH = JAN
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{hall:aaai86,
  TITLE = {Learning by Failing to Explain},
  AUTHOR = {Robert J. Hall},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-86)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1986},
  ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, PA},
  PAGES = {568--572}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{halteren:conll00,
  AUTHOR = {Hans van Halteren},
  TITLE = {Chunking with {WPDV} Models},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of {C}o{NLL}-2000 and {LLL}-2000},
  YEAR = {2000},
  PAGES = {154--156},
  ADDRESS = {Lisbon, Portugal}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{hamerly:nips03,
  AUTHOR = {Greg Hamerly and Charles Elkan},
  TITLE = {Learning the $k$ in $k$-means},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{hammond:ss95,
  AUTHOR = {Kristian Hammond and Robin Burke and Charles Martin
                 and Steven Lytinen},
  TITLE = {{FAQ}-{F}inder: {A} case-based approach to knowledge
                 navigation},
  BOOKTITLE = {Working Notes of AAAI Spring Symposium: Information
                 Gathering from Heterogeneous, Distributed
                 Environments},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford University},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {69--73}
}


@ARTICLE{hamscher:ai91,
  AUTHOR = {Walter Hamscher},
  TITLE = {Principles of Diagnosis: Current Trends and a Report
                 on the First International Workshop},
  JOURNAL = {AI Magazine},
  YEAR = {1991},
  VOLUME = {12},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {15--23}
}


@ARTICLE{hamscher:aimag91,
  AUTHOR = {Walter Hamscher},
  TITLE = {Principles of Diagnosis: Current Trends and a Report
                 on the First International Workshop},
  JOURNAL = {AI Magazine},
  YEAR = {1991},
  VOLUME = {12},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {15--23}
}


@BOOK{hamscher:book92,
  TITLE = {Readings in Model-Based Diagnosis},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = {1992},
  EDITOR = {Walter Hamscher and Luca Console and Johan deKleer},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{hamscher:ieeecaia90,
  AUTHOR = {Walter Hamscher},
  TITLE = {{XDE}: Diagnosing Devices with Hierarchic Structure
                 and Known Component Failure Modes},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Conference on Artificial
                 Intelligence Applications},
  YEAR = {1990},
  PAGES = {48--54},
  ADDRESS = {Santa Barbara, CA}
}


@BOOK{han:book00,
  AUTHOR = {Jiawei Han and Micheline Kamber},
  TITLE = {Data Mining: {C}oncepts and Techniques},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = {2000},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco},
  KEY = {KDD textbook}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{han:sigmod00,
  AUTHOR = {Jiawei Han and Jian Pei and Yiwen Yin},
  TITLE = {Mining Frequent Patterns without Candidate Generation},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMOD International
                 Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD-2000)},
  EDITOR = {Weidong Chen and Jeffrey F. Naughton and Philip A.
                 Bernstein},
  PUBLISHER = {ACM},
  ADDRESS = {Dallas, TX},
  PAGES = {1--12},
  MONTH = MAY,
  YEAR = {2000},
  NOTE = {SIGMOD Record 29(2)}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{han:vldb95,
  TITLE = {Discovery of multiple-level association rules from
                 large databases},
  AUTHOR = {J. Han and Y. Fu},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on
                 Very Large Databases (VLDB-95)},
  PAGES = {420--431},
  ADDRESS = {Zurich, Switzerland},
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@BOOK{hand:book01,
  TITLE = {Principles of Data Mining},
  AUTHOR = {David J. Hand and Heikki Mannila and Padhraic Smyth},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@ARTICLE{hansen:pami90,
  AUTHOR = {Lars Kai Hansen and Peter Salamon},
  TITLE = {Neural Network Ensembles},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
                   Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {12},
  NUMBER = {10},
  PAGES = {993-1001},
  YEAR = 1990
}


@INCOLLECTION{hanson:nips88,
  AUTHOR = {Stephen Jos\'{e} Hanson and Lorien Y. Pratt},
  BOOKTITLE = {{Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
                 1}},
  ANNOTE = {[Collected papers of the {IEEE} Conference on Neural
                 Information Processing Systems - Natural and Synthetic,
                 Denver, Nov. 28-Dec. 1, 1988]},
  TITLE = {Comparing Biases for Minimal Network Construction with
                 Back-propagation},
  EDITOR = {David S. Touretzky},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  PAGES = {177--185},
  YEAR = {1989}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{harabagiu:naacl01,
  AUTHOR = {Sanda M. Harabagiu and R\u{a}zvan C. Bunescu and
                 Steven J. Maiorano},
  TITLE = {Text and Knowledge Mining for Coreference Resolution},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the North
                 American Chapter of the Association for Computational
                 Linguistics (NAACL-2001)},
  ADDRESS = {Pittsburgh, PA},
  PAGES = {55--62},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{harel:kdd01,
  AUTHOR = {David Harel and Yehuda Koren},
  TITLE = {Clustering Spatial Data Using Random Walks},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh ACM SIGKDD International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2001)},
  YEAR = {2001},
  PAGES = {281--286}
}


@ARTICLE{harman:jasis90,
  AUTHOR = {Donna Harman and Gerald Candela},
  TITLE = {Retrieving Records from a Gigabyte of Text on a Minicomputer
                  Using Statistical Ranking},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of American Socieity for Information Science},
  PUBLISHER = {John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.},
  VOLUME = {41},
  NUMBER = {8},
  PAGES = {581--589},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@BOOK{harris:book63,
  AUTHOR = {T. E. Harris},
  TITLE = {The Theory of Branching Processes},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  YEAR = {1963},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{haruno:lex95,
  TITLE = {A Case Frame Learning Method for {Japanese} Polysemous
                 Verbs},
  AUTHOR = {Masahiko Haruno},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the 1995 AAAI Symposium on the
                 Representation and Acquisition of Lexical Knowledge:
                 Polysemy, Ambiguity, and Generativity},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {45--50},
  MONTH = MAR,
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA}
}


@ARTICLE{haruno:mlj99,
  AUTHOR = {Masahiko Haruno and Satoshi Shirai and Yoshifumi
                 Ooyama},
  YEAR = {1999},
  TITLE = {Using Decision Trees to Construct a Practical Parser},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {34},
  PAGES = {131--150},
  KEY = {NLL}
}


@BOOK{hastie:book01,
  AUTHOR = {Trevor Hastie and Robert Tibshirani and Jerome
                 Friedman},
  TITLE = {The Elements of Statistical Learning},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  YEAR = {2001},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  MONTH = AUG
}


@ARTICLE{hastie:pami96,
  AUTHOR = {Trevor Hastie and Robert Tibshirani},
  TITLE = {Discriminant adaptive nearest-neighbor
                  classification},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
                 Intelligence},
  YEAR = 1996,
  VOLUME = 18,
  NUMBER = 6,
  PAGES = {607--617}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{hastings:aaai94,
  TITLE = {The Ups and Downs of Lexical Acquisition},
  AUTHOR = {Peter M. Hastings and Steven L. Lytinen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)},
  YEAR = {1994},
  PAGES = {754--759}
}


@ARTICLE{hatzivassiloglou:bioinfo01,
  AUTHOR = {Vasileios Hatzivassiloglou and Pablo A. Dubou{\'e}, Andrey Rzhetsky},
  TITLE = {Disambiguating Proteins, Genes, and {RNA} in Text: A Machine Learning Approach},
  JOURNAL = {Bioinformatics},
  VOLUME = {17},
  PAGES = {S97--106},
  YEAR = {2001},
  NOTE = {Supplement 1}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{haussler:aaai87,
  TITLE = {Learning Conjunctive Concepts in Structural Domains},
  AUTHOR = {David Haussler},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-87)},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {466--470},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {pac learnability}
}


@ARTICLE{haussler:ai88,
  TITLE = {Quantifying Inductive Bias: Artificial Intelligence
                 Learning Algorithms and {V}aliant's Learning
                 Framework},
  AUTHOR = {David Haussler},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {26},
  PAGES = {177--221},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {pac}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{haussler:colt94,
  TITLE = {Rigorous learning curve bounds from statistical
                 mechanics},
  AUTHOR = {David Haussler and Michael J. Kearns and H. Sebastian
                 Seung and Naftali Tishby},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh Annual ACM Workshop on
                 Computational Learning Theory},
  PAGES = {76--87},
  YEAR = {1994},
  ADDRESS = {},
  KEY = {PAC theory}
}


@ARTICLE{haussler:mlj96,
  TITLE = {Rigorous learning curve bounds from statistical
                 mechanics},
  AUTHOR = {David Haussler and Michael Kearns and H. Sebastian
                 Seung and Naftali Tishby},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {25},
  NUMBER = {2/3},
  PAGES = {195--236},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {PAC theory}
}


@PHDTHESIS{hayes:thesis90,
  TITLE = {Machining Planning: {A} Model of an Expert Level
                 Planning Process},
  AUTHOR = {Caroline Hayes},
  SCHOOL = {The Robotics Institue, Carnegie Mellon University},
  MONTH = DEC,
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{hearst:acl99,
  AUTHOR = {Marti A. Hearst},
  TITLE = {Untangling Text Data Mining},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-99)},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1999},
  PAGES = {3--10},
  ADDRESS = {College Park, MD}
}


@INCOLLECTION{hearst:bkchapter92,
  TITLE = {Deirection-Based Text Interpretation as an Information
                 Access Refinement},
  AUTHOR = {Marti A. Hearst},
  BOOKTITLE = {Text-Based Intelligent Systems},
  EDITOR = {Paul S. Jacobs},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {DTI}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{hearst:unpublished03,
  AUTHOR = {Marti A. Hearst},
  TITLE = {What Is Text Mining?},
  MONTH = OCT,
  YEAR = {2003},
  NOTE = {http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/{\textasciitilde}hearst/text-mining.html}
}


@INCOLLECTION{heckerman:bkchapter86,
  AUTHOR = {David Heckerman},
  TITLE = {Probabilistic Interpretations for {Mycin's} Certainty
                 Factors},
  BOOKTITLE = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence},
  EDITOR = {Laveen N. Kanal and John F. Lemmer},
  PAGES = {167--196},
  PUBLISHER = {North Holland},
  ADDRESS = {Amsterdam},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {}
}


@TECHREPORT{heckerman:tr95,
  AUTHOR = {David Heckerman},
  TITLE = {A Tutorial on Learning {B}ayesian Networks},
  INSTITUTION = {Microsoft Research},
  YEAR = {1995},
  NUMBER = {MSR-TR-95-06},
  ADDRESS = {Redmond, WA},
  MONTH = MAR,
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{heckerman:uai94,
  AUTHOR = {David Heckerman and Dan Geiger and David M.
                 Chikering},
  TITLE = {Learning {Bayesian} Networks: The combination of
                 Knowledge and Statistical Data},
  PAGES = {293--301},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Uncertainty in
                 Artificial Intelligence (UAI-94)},
  YEAR = {1994},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  MONTH = JUL
}


@ARTICLE{hendrix:acmtds78,
  TITLE = {Developing a Natural Language Interface to Complex
                 Data},
  AUTHOR = {G. G. Hendrix and E. Sacerdoti and D. Sagalowicz and
                 J. Slocum},
  JOURNAL = {ACM Transactions on Database Systems},
  VOLUME = {3},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {105--147},
  YEAR = {1978},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{henrion:aimag91,
  AUTHOR = {Max Henrion and J. S. Breese and E. Horivitz},
  TITLE = {Decision Analysis and Expert Systems},
  JOURNAL = {AI Magazine},
  YEAR = {1991},
  VOLUME = {12},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {64--91}
}


@INCOLLECTION{henrion:bkchapter88,
  AUTHOR = {Max Henrion},
  TITLE = {Towards efficient probabilistic diagnosis in multiply
                 connected belief networks},
  BOOKTITLE = {Influence Diagrams, Belief Nets and Decision
                 Analysis},
  EDITOR = {R. M. Oliver and J. Q. Smith},
  PUBLISHER = {Wiley},
  ADDRESS = {Chichester, England},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {Bayes net, noisy-or}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{henrion:uai88,
  AUTHOR = {Max Henrion},
  TITLE = {Practical Issues in Constructing a Bayes belief
                 network},
  PAGES = {132--139},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Uncertainty in
                 Artificial Intelligence (UAI-91)},
  YEAR = {1988},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{herlocker:cscw00,
  AUTHOR = {Herlocker, J. and Konstan, J. and Riedl, J.},
  TITLE = {Explaining Collaborative Filtering Recommendations},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the ACM 2000 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work},
  PAGES = {},
  ADDRESS = {},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{hermjakob:acl97,
  AUTHOR = {Ulf Hermjakob and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Learning Parse and Translation Decisions From Examples
                 With Rich Context},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-97)},
  PAGES = {482--489},
  YEAR = {1997},
  ADDRESS = {Madrid, Spain}
}


@PHDTHESIS{hermjakob:thesis97,
  AUTHOR = {Ulf Hermjakob},
  TITLE = {Learning Parse and Translation Decisions From Examples
                 With Rich Context},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  MONTH = MAY,
  YEAR = {1997},
  NUMBER = {TR 97-261 (Ph.D. thesis)},
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  TITLE = {Transductive Inference for Text Classification using
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  ADDRESS = {Bled, Slovenia},
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@INCOLLECTION{jorge:bkchapter96,
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@BOOK{jurafsky:book00,
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@BOOK{kahneman:book82,
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  YEAR = {1995}
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@ARTICLE{kali:mlj96,
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@INPROCEEDINGS{kambhampati:aaai93,
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@ARTICLE{kambhampati:ai96,
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@INPROCEEDINGS{kambhampati:bkchapter96,
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  EDITOR = {Malik Ghallab and Alfredo Milani},
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}


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  ADDRESS = {Acapulco, Mexico},
  YEAR = 2003
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{kamvar:ml02,
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                 Learning (ICML-2002)},
  YEAR = 2002
}


@BOOK{kandel:book92,
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}


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@PHDTHESIS{kautz:thesis87,
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  TITLE = {A Formal Theory of Plan Recognition},
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  YEAR = {1987},
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@TECHREPORT{kay:tr92,
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}


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@PHDTHESIS{keller:thesis87,
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@INPROCEEDINGS{kijsirikul:ml91,
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@ARTICLE{kim:tkde95,
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@ARTICLE{king:nas92,
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@TECHREPORT{klein:tr70,
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  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  YEAR = {1970}
}


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  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Symposium on
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  TITLE = {Finding interesting rules from large sets of
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  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Information and Knowledge
                 (CIKM-94)},
  PAGES = {401--407},
  YEAR = {1994},
  MONTH = NOV
}


@BOOK{klima:book79,
  AUTHOR = {Edward S. Klima and Ursula Bellugi},
  TITLE = {The signs of language},
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  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1979}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{klinkenberg:ml00,
  TITLE = {Detecting Concept Drift with Support Vector Machines},
  AUTHOR = {Ralf Klinkenberg and Thorsten Joachims},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International
                 Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-2000)},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA},
  PAGES = {477--494},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{knight:aaai96,
  TITLE = {Learning Word Meanings by Instruction},
  AUTHOR = {Kevin Knight},
  ADDRESS = {Portland, Or},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {447--454}
}


@ARTICLE{knight:aimag97,
  AUTHOR = {Kevin Knight},
  TITLE = {Automating Knowledge Acquisition for Machine
                 Translation},
  JOURNAL = {AI Magazine},
  YEAR = {1997},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {81--96}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{knoblock:aaai98,
  AUTHOR = {Craig A. Knoblock and Steven Minton and Jose Luis
                 Ambite and Naveen Ashish and Pragnesh Jay Modi and Ion
                 Muslea and Andrew G. Philpot and Sheila Tejada},
  TITLE = {Modeling Web Sources for Information Integration},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-98)},
  YEAR = {1998},
  MONTH = JUL,
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  PAGES = {211--218},
  KEY = {Heterogenious source mediation, planning, Information
                 integration}
}


@PHDTHESIS{knowlton:thesis62,
  TITLE = {Sentence Parsing with a Self-Organizing Heuristic
                 Program},
  AUTHOR = {K. Knowlton},
  NUMBER = {Doctoral Dissertation},
  SCHOOL = {Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1962}
}


@BOOK{kobsa:book89,
  EDITOR = {Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster},
  TITLE = {User Models in Dialog Systems},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  YEAR = {1989}
}


@ARTICLE{kodratoff:ijmms87,
  KEY = {Kodratoff},
  AUTHOR = {Yves Kodratoff and Michel Manago},
  TITLE = {Generalization and noise},
  VOLUME = {27},
  YEAR = {1987},
  JOURNAL = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies},
  NUMBER = {2},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {181--204}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{kohavi:ecml97,
  AUTHOR = {Ron Kohavi and Barry Becker and Dan Sommerfield},
  TITLE = {Improving Simple {B}ayes},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Machine
                 Learning},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{kohavi:ecml97a,
  AUTHOR = {Ron Kohavi and Pat Langley and Yeogirl Yun},
  TITLE = {The utility of feature weighting in nearest-neighbor
                  algorithms},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth European Conference on Machine 
                 Learning (ECML-97)},
  ADDRESS = {Prague},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  YEAR = 1997
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{kohavi:ml95,
  TITLE = {Automatic Parameter Selection by Minimizing Estimated
                 Error},
  AUTHOR = {Ron Kohavi and George H. John},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-95)},
  PAGES = {304--312},
  YEAR = {1995},
  ADDRESS = {Tahoe City, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{kohavi:ml96,
  AUTHOR = {Ron Kohavi and David H. Wolpert},
  TITLE = {Bias plus variance decomposition for zero-one loss
                 functions},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-96)},
  EDITOR = {Lorenza Saitta},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  MONTH = JUL
}


@ARTICLE{kohonen:biocyb82,
  AUTHOR = {T. Kohonen},
  TITLE = {Self-organized formulation of topologically correct
                 feature maps},
  JOURNAL = {Biological Cybernetics},
  VOLUME = {43},
  PAGES = {59--69},
  YEAR = {1982}
}


@BOOK{kohonen:book97,
  AUTHOR = {T. Kohonen},
  TITLE = {Self-Organizing Maps},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer-Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin, Germany},
  EDITION = {2nd}
}


@ARTICLE{kohonen:ieee90,
  AUTHOR = {Teuvo Kohonen},
  TITLE = {The Self-Organizing Map},
  JOURNAL = {Proceedings of the IEEE},
  VOLUME = {78},
  NUMBER = {9},
  PAGES = {1464--1480},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@ARTICLE{kol:pit65,
  TITLE = {Three approaches to the quantitative definition of
                 information},
  AUTHOR = {Andrei N. Kolmogorov},
  JOURNAL = {Problems of Information Transmission},
  VOLUME = {1},
  PAGES = {4--7},
  YEAR = {1965}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{koller:aaai98,
  TITLE = {Probabilistic Frame-Based Systems},
  AUTHOR = {Daphne Koller and Avi Pfeffer},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-98)},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press / The MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  PAGES = {580--587},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{koller:ml96,
  AUTHOR = {D. Koller and M. Sahami},
  TITLE = {Toward optimal feature selection},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-96)},
  PAGES = {284--292},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@ARTICLE{konolige:ai92,
  AUTHOR = {Kurt Konolige},
  TITLE = {Abduction versus Closure in Causal Theories},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1992},
  VOLUME = {53},
  PAGES = {255--272}
}


@ARTICLE{koppel:jair94,
  AUTHOR = {Moshe Koppel and Ronen Feldman and Alberto Maria
                 Segre},
  TITLE = {Bias-Driven Revision of Logical Domain Theories},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {1},
  PAGES = {1--50},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {theory revision}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{koppelman:eurospeech95,
  TITLE = {A statistical approach to language modeling for the
                 {ATIS} task},
  AUTHOR = {Joshua Koppelman and Steven D. Pietra and Mark E.
                 Epstein and Salim Estephan Roukos},
  BOOKTITLE = {Eurospeech 1995},
  YEAR = {1995},
  ADDRESS = {Madrid, Spain}
}


@ARTICLE{korf:ai85,
  AUTHOR = {Richard E. Korf},
  TITLE = {Depth-first iterative-deepening: An optimal admissable
                 tree search},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1985},
  VOLUME = {27},
  NUMBER = {1},
  NOTES = {dfid}
}


@ARTICLE{kosala:sigkdd00,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond Kosala and Hendrik Blockeel},
  TITLE = {Web Mining Research: {A} survey},
  JOURNAL = {SIGKDD Explorations},
  VOLUME = {2},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {1--15},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@BOOK{koza:book92,
  TITLE = {Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers
                 by means of Natural Selection},
  AUTHOR = {John R. Koza},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {GP1}
}


@BOOK{koza:book94,
  TITLE = {Genetic Programming {II}: Automatic Discovery of
                 Reusable Programs},
  AUTHOR = {John R. Koza},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {MIT},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {GP2}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{kraan:qr91,
  AUTHOR = {Ina C. Kraan and Bradley L. Richards and Benjamin J.
                 Kuipers},
  TITLE = {Automatic Abduction of Qualitative Models},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on
                 Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems},
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {295--301}
}


@INCOLLECTION{kramer:bkchapter01,
  AUTHOR = {Stefan Kramer and Nada Lavra\u{c} and Peter Flach},
  TITLE = {Propositionalization Approaches to Relational Data
                 Mining},
  BOOKTITLE = {Relational Data Mining},
  EDITOR = {Sa\u{s}o D\u{z}eroski and Nada Lavra\u{c}},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@ARTICLE{krogh:jmb94,
  AUTHOR = {Anders Krogh and Michael Brown and I. Saira Mian and
                 Kimmen Sjolander and David Haussler},
  YEAR = {1994},
  TITLE = {Hidden {Markov} Models in Computational Biology:
                 Applications to Protein Modeling},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Molecular Biology},
  VOLUME = {235},
  PAGES = {1501--1531},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{krogh:nips95,
  TITLE = {Neural Network Ensembles, Cross Validation and Active Learning},
  AUTHOR = {A. Krogh and J. Vedelsby},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 7},
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {1995},
  KEY = {diversity committee}
}


@ARTICLE{krusche:ieeesmc91,
  TITLE = {Benefits of Gain: Speeded learning and minimal hidden
                 layers},
  AUTHOR = {John K. Krusche and Javier R. Movellan},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics},
  YEAR = {1991},
  VOLUME = {21},
  NUMBER = {1}
}


@ARTICLE{kubat:mlj98,
  AUTHOR = {Miroslav Kubat and Robert C. Holte and Stan Matwin},
  TITLE = {Machine Learning for the Detection of Oil Spills in Satellite Radar Images},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {30},
  NUMBER = {2--3},
  PAGES = {195--215},
  YEAR = {1998},
  URL = {citeseer.nj.nec.com/kubat98machine.html}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{kudoh:conll00,
  AUTHOR = {Taku Kudoh and Yuji Matsumoto},
  TITLE = {Use of Support Vector Learning for Chunk Identification},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of {C}o{NLL}-2000 and {LLL}-2000},
  YEAR = {2000},
  PAGES = {142--144},
  ADDRESS = {Lisbon, Portugal}
}


@ARTICLE{kuhn:pami95,
  TITLE = {The Application of Semantic Classification Trees to
                 Natural Language Understanding},
  AUTHOR = {Roland Kuhn and Renato {De Mori}},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
                 Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {17},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {449--460},
  YEAR = {1995},
  KEY = {NLL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{kuipers:aaai87,
  AUTHOR = {Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  TITLE = {Abstraction by Time-Scale in Qualitative Simulation},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-87)},
  YEAR = {1987},
  PAGES = {621--625},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{kuipers:aaai88,
  AUTHOR = {Benjamin J. Kuipers and D. Berleant},
  TITLE = {Using Incomplete Quantitative Knowledge in Qualitative
                 Reasoning},
  PAGES = {324--329},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-88)},
  YEAR = {1988},
  ADDRESS = {St. Paul, MN}
}


@ARTICLE{kuipers:ai84,
  AUTHOR = {Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  TITLE = {Commonsense Reasoning about Causality: Deriving
                 Behavior from Structure},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1984},
  VOLUME = {24},
  PAGES = {169--203}
}


@ARTICLE{kuipers:ai86,
  AUTHOR = {Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  TITLE = {Qualitative Simulation},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1986},
  VOLUME = {29},
  PAGES = {289--338}
}


@BOOK{kuipers:book94,
  AUTHOR = {Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  TITLE = {Qualitative Reasoning: Modeling and Simulation with
                 Incomplete Knowledge},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@ARTICLE{kuipers:cogscij84,
  AUTHOR = {Benjamin J. Kuipers and Jerome P. Kassirer},
  TITLE = {Causal Reasoning in Medicine: Analysis of a Protocol},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  YEAR = {1984},
  VOLUME = {8},
  PAGES = {363--385}
}


@TECHREPORT{kuipers:tr85,
  AUTHOR = {Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  TITLE = {Qualitative Simulation in Medical Physiology: 
                 {A} Progress Report},
  INSTITUTION = {Laboratory for Computer Science, Massachusetts
                 Institute of Technology},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1985},
  TYPE = {Technical Report},
  NUMBER = {MIT/LCS/TM-280},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{kuipers:unpub91,
  AUTHOR = {Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  TITLE = {Qualitative Reasoning: Modeling and Simulation with
                 Incomplete Knowledge},
  NOTE = {Book draft},
  MONTH = MAY,
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{kuipers:unpub92,
  TITLE = {Self-Calibrating Models for Dynamic Monitoring and
                 Diagnosis},
  NOTE = {Research Proposal to the NASA Ames Research Center},
  AUTHOR = {Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  INSTITUTION = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  MONTH = JAN,
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@TECHREPORT{kulkarni:tr92,
  TITLE = {Propagating Values through Quantitative Equations},
  AUTHOR = {D. Kulkarni},
  INSTITUTION = {NASA Ames Research Center},
  NUMBER = {},
  ADDRESS = {Moffet Field, CA},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{kumano:coling94,
  AUTHOR = {Akira Kumano and Hideki Hirakawa},
  TITLE = {Building an {MT} Dictionary from Parallel Texts Based
                 on Linguistic and Statistical Information},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International
                 Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  YEAR = {1994},
  PLACE = {Kyoto, Japan}
}


@ARTICLE{kuncheva:mlj02,
  AUTHOR = {L. Kuncheva and C. Whitaker},
  TITLE = {Measures of diversity in classifier ensembles and their relationship with the ensemble accuracy},
  JOURNAL = {submitted},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@ARTICLE{kuncheva:mlj03,
  AUTHOR = {L.I. Kuncheva and C. Whitaker},
  TITLE = {Measures of Diversity in Classifier Ensembles and Their
                  Relationship with Ensemble Accuracy},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  YEAR = 2003,
  VOLUME = 51,
  NUMBER = 2,
  PAGES = {181--207}
}


@BOOK{kuo:book91,
  AUTHOR = {Benjamin C. Kuo},
  TITLE = {Automatic Control Systems},
  PUBLISHER = {Prentice Hall},
  YEAR = {1991},
  ADDRESS = {Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{kupiec:sigir95,
  TITLE = {A Trainable Document Summarizer},
  AUTHOR = {Julian M. Kupiec and Jan Pedersen and Francine Chen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of Eighteenth International ACM SIGIR
                 Conference on Research and Development in Information
                 Retrieval},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {68--73},
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@ARTICLE{kupiek:csl92,
  AUTHOR = {J. Kupiec},
  TITLE = {Robust part-of-speech tagging using a hidden Markov model},
  JOURNAL = {Computer Speech and Language},
  YEAR = {1992},
  VOLUME = {6},
  PAGES = {225--242}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{kushmerick:atem-wkshp01,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence ({IJCAI}-2001)
                 Workshop on Adaptive Text Extraction and Mining},
  EDITOR = {Nicholas Kushmerick},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{kushmerick:ijcai97,
  AUTHOR = {Nicholas Kushmerick and Daniel S. Weld and Robert B.
                 Doorenbos},
  TITLE = {Wrapper Induction for Information Extraction},
  PAGES = {729--735},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-97)},
  YEAR = {1997},
  ADDRESS = {Nagoya, Japan},
  KEY = {learning for IE}
}


@ARTICLE{kwoh:ai96,
  AUTHOR = {Chee-Keong Kwoh and Duncan Fyfe Gillies},
  TITLE = {Using Hidden nodes in {B}ayesian networks},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1996},
  VOLUME = {88},
  NUMBER = {1-2},
  MONTH = DEC,
  PAGES = {1--38}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{kwok:ml03,
  AUTHOR = {James T. Kwok and Ivor W. Tsang},
  TITLE = {Learning with Idealized Kernels},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Machine
                 Learning (ICML-2003)},
  PAGES = {400-407},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INCOLLECTION{lacher:bkchapter92,
  AUTHOR = {R. Chris Lacher},
  TITLE = {Node Error Assignment In Expert Networks},
  BOOKTITLE = {Hybrid Architectures for Intelligent Systems},
  EDITOR = {Abraham Kandel and Gideon Langholz},
  PUBLISHER = {CRC Press, Inc.},
  ADDRESS = {Boca Raton, FL},
  PAGES = {29--48},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {Expert Network Backprop}
}


@MISC{lacher:ftp92,
  TITLE = {Expert Networks: Paradigmatic Conflict, Technological
                 Rapprochement},
  AUTHOR = {R. Chris Lacher},
  HOWPUBLISHED = {Neuroprose FTP Archive},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@INCOLLECTION{lachter:bkchapter88,
  AUTHOR = {Joel Lachter and Tom G. Bever},
  TITLE = {The relation between linguistic structure and
                 associative theories of language learning: 
		 {A} constructive critique of some connectionist learning
                 models},
  BOOKTITLE = {Connections and Symbols},
  EDITOR = {S. Pinker and J. Mehler},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  PAGES = {195--247},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {past-tense}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lackinger:ijcai91,
  AUTHOR = {Franz Lackinger and Wolfgang Nejdl},
  TITLE = {Integrating Model-Based Monitoring and Diagnosis of
                 Complex Dynamic Systems},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-91)},
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {1123--1128},
  ADDRESS = {Sydney, Australia}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lafferty:ml01,
  AUTHOR = {John Lafferty and Andrew McCallum and Fernando
                 Pereira},
  TITLE = {Conditional Random Fields: {P}robabilistic Models for
                 Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data},
  BOOKTITLE = {ICML-2001},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@ARTICLE{laird:mlj86,
  TITLE = {Chunking in {S}oar: The Anatomy of a General Learning
                 Mechanism},
  AUTHOR = {John E. Laird and Paul S. Rosenbloom and Allen
                 Newell},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {1},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {SOAR chunking ebl}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lam:uai93,
  AUTHOR = {Wai Lam and Fahiem Bacchus},
  TITLE = {Using causal information and local measure to learn
                 {Bayesian} networks},
  PAGES = {243--250},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth Conference on Uncertainty in
                 Artificial Intelligence (UAI-93)},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lam:uai94,
  TITLE = {Using New Data to Refine a {Bayesian} Network},
  AUTHOR = {Wai Lam and Fahiem Bacchus},
  YEAR = {1994},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Uncertainty in
                 Artificial Intelligence (UAI-94)},
  PAGES = {383--390}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lamirel:delos-wkshp00,
  AUTHOR = {Jean-Charles Lamirel and Yannick Toussaint},
  TITLE = {Combining Symbolic and Numeric Techniques for {DL} Contents
                  Classification and Analysis},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First {DELOS} Network of Excellence Workshop
                  on Information Seeking, Searching and Quering in Digital Libraries},
  ADDRESS = {Zurich, Switzerland},
  MONTH = DEC,
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INCOLLECTION{lamma:bkchapter98,
  TITLE = {Cooperation of Abduction and Induction in Logic
                 Programming},
  AUTHOR = {Evelina Lamma and Paola Mello and Fabrizio Riguzzi and
                 Floriana Esposito and Stefano Ferilli and Giovanni
                 Semeraro},
  BOOKTITLE = {Abductive and Inductive Reasoning: Essays on their
                 Relation and Integration},
  EDITOR = {Peter A. Flach and Antonis C. Kakas},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  ADDRESS = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands},
  YEAR = {1998},
  KEY = {abind}
}


@INCOLLECTION{landau:bkchapter94,
  TITLE = {Where's what and what's where: the language of objects
                 in space},
  AUTHOR = {Barbara Landau},
  BOOKTITLE = {The Acquisition of the Lexicon},
  EDITOR = {Linda R. Gleitman and Barbar Landau},
  PAGES = {259--296},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@ARTICLE{landauer:psychrev97,
  AUTHOR = {T. K. Landauer and S. T. Dumais},
  TITLE = {A solution to {Plato}'s problem: The {Latent Semantic
                 Analysis} theory of the acquisition, induction, and
                 representation of knowledge},
  JOURNAL = {Psychological Review},
  YEAR = {1997},
  VOLUME = {104},
  PAGES = {211--240},
  KEY = {LSA, LSI}
}


@ARTICLE{lander:natureFeb01,
  TITLE = {Initial Sequencing and analysis of the human genome},
  AUTHOR = {E. S. Lander and {\it et al.}},
  JOURNAL = {Nature},
  VOLUME = {Feb 15;409(6822)},
  PAGES = {860--921},
  YEAR = {2001},
  KEY = {compbio}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lang:ml95,
  AUTHOR = {Ken Lang},
  TITLE = {{NewsWeeder}: Learning to Filter Netnews},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-95)},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {331--339}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{langley:aaai92,
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langley and Wayne Iba and Kevin Thompson},
  TITLE = {An analysis of {B}ayesian classifiers},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-92)},
  YEAR = {1992},
  PAGES = {223--228}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{langley:agents97,
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langley},
  TITLE = {Learning to Sense selectively in Physical domains},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on
                 Autonomous Agents (Agents-97)},
  YEAR = {1997},
  ADDRESS = {Marina del Rey, CA}
}


@INCOLLECTION{langley:bkchapter87,
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langley and Jaime Carbonell},
  TITLE = {Language Acquisition and Machine Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Mechanisms of Language Acquisition},
  EDITOR = {Brian MacWhinney},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  PAGES = {115--155},
  YEAR = {1987}
}


@BOOK{langley:book87,
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langley and Herb Simon and Jan M. Zytkow Gary L.
                 Bradshaw},
  TITLE = {Scientific Discovery},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {BACON}
}


@BOOK{langley:book96,
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langley},
  TITLE = {Elements of Machine Learning},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@ARTICLE{langley:cabt82,
  TITLE = {Language Acquisition through Error Recovery},
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langley},
  JOURNAL = {Cognition and Brain Theory},
  VOLUME = {5},
  YEAR = {1982},
  KEY = {amber}
}


@ARTICLE{langley:cacm95,
  TITLE = {Applications of Machine Learning and Rule Induction},
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langley and Herbert A. Simon},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {38},
  NUMBER = {11},
  PAGES = {55--64},
  YEAR = {1995},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{langley:cogscij85,
  TITLE = {Learning to Search: From Weak Methods to Domain
                 Specific Heuristics},
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langley},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  VOLUME = {9},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {217--260},
  YEAR = {1985},
  KEY = {sbl ebl}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{langley:gacai97,
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langley},
  TITLE = {Machine Learning for adaptive user interfaces},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 21st German Annual Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PAGES = {53--62},
  ADDRESS = {Freiburg, Germany}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{langley:ml89,
  TITLE = {Unifying Themes in Empirical and Explanation-Based
                 Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langley},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Ithaca, NY},
  PAGES = {2--4}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{langley:ml91,
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langley and John A. Allen},
  TITLE = {The Acquisition of Human Planning Expertise},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {80--84},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston,IL},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@TECHREPORT{langley:tr80,
  TITLE = {Finding Common Paths as a Learning Mechanism},
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langley},
  NUMBER = {CIP Working Parper No. 419},
  INSTITUTION = {Carnegie Mellon University},
  ADDRESS = {Pittsburgh, PA},
  YEAR = {1980},
  KEY = {}
}


@TECHREPORT{langley:tr84,
  NUMBER = {CMU-RI-TR-84-7},
  TITLE = {A machine learning approach to student modeling},
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langley and Stellan Ohlsson and Stephanie Sage},
  INSTITUTION = {Carnegie-Mellon University},
  ADDRESS = {Pittsburgh, PA.},
  YEAR = {1984},
  KEY = {ACM original}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{langley:unpub94,
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langley},
  TITLE = {Simplicity and Representation Change in Grammar
                 Induction},
  YEAR = {1994},
  INSTITUTION = {Robotics Laboratory, Computer Science Dept., Standford
                 University},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA},
  NOTE = {unpublished manuscript}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lansky:ijcai95,
  TITLE = {Scope and Abstraction: Two Criteria for Localized
                 Planning},
  AUTHOR = {Amy Lansky and Lise Getoor},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {1612--1618},
  ADDRESS = {Montreal, CA},
  KEY = {COLLAGE}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lansky:sopl94,
  AUTHOR = {Amy Lansky},
  TITLE = {Practical Planning in {COLLAGE}},
  BOOKTITLE = {AAAI-94 Fall Symposium on Planning and Learning},
  YEAR = {1994},
  MONTH = OCT,
  ADDRESS = {New Orleans, LA},
  PAGES = {98--104}
}


@TECHREPORT{lansky:tr95,
  TITLE = {Localized Planning with Diverse Plan Construction
                 Methods},
  AUTHOR = {Amy L. Lansky},
  INSTITUTION = {NASA Ames Research Center},
  NUMBER = {FIA-TR-94-05},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@BOOK{lapack,
  AUTHOR = {Anderson, E. and Bai, Z. and Bischof, C. and
                  Blackford, S. and Demmel, J. and Dongarra, J. and Du
                  Croz, J. and Greenbaum, A. and Hammarling, S. and
                  McKenney, A. and Sorensen, D.},
  TITLE = {{LAPACK} Users' Guide},
  EDITION = {Third},
  PUBLISHER = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics},
  YEAR = {1999},
  ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, PA},
  ISBN = {0-89871-447-8 (paperback)}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lapointe:ml92,
  TITLE = {Sub-unification: {A} Tool for Efficient Induction of
                 Recursive Programs},
  AUTHOR = {Stephane Lapointe and Stan Matwin},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-92)},
  PAGES = {273--281},
  MONTH = JUL,
  ADDRESS = {Aberdeen, Scotland},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{lari:csal90,
  AUTHOR = {K. Lari and Steve J. Young},
  TITLE = {The estimation of stochastic context-free grammars
                 using the {Inside-Outside} algorithm},
  JOURNAL = {Computer Speech and Language},
  VOLUME = {4},
  PAGES = {35--56},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{larkey:dl00,
  AUTHOR = {Leah S. Larkey and Paul Ogilvie and M. Andrew Price
                 and Brenden Tamilio},
  TITLE = {Acrophile: {A}n Automated Acronym Extractor and
                 Server},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Digital
                 Libraries},
  PAGES = {205--214},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {San Antonio, TX},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{larkey:textcat-wkshp98,
  TITLE = {Some Issues in the Automatic Classification of {U.S} Patents},
  AUTHOR = {Leah S. Larkey},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the AAAI-98 Workshop on Text
                 Categorization},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {87--90},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI}
}


@BOOK{lasnik:gb88,
  TITLE = {A Course in {GB} Syntax, Lectures on Binding and Empty
                 Categories},
  AUTHOR = {Howard Lasnik and Juan Uriagereka},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{laubsch:ijcai75,
  TITLE = {Some thoughts about representing knowledge in
                 instructional systems},
  AUTHOR = {Joachim H. Laubsch},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial intelligence (IJCAI-75)},
  PAGES = {122--125},
  YEAR = {1975},
  KEY = {pro student modeling}
}


@ARTICLE{lauritzen:csda95,
  AUTHOR = {Steffen L. Lauritzen},
  TITLE = {The {EM} algorithm for Graphical Association Models
                 with Missing Data},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Statistics and Data Analysis},
  YEAR = {1995},
  VOLUME = {19},
  PAGES = {191--201},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@ARTICLE{lauritzen:jrssb88,
  AUTHOR = {Stephen L. Lauritzen and David J. Spiegelhalter},
  TITLE = {Local Computations with Probabilities on Graphical
                 Structures and Their Application to Expert Systems},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B},
  YEAR = {1988},
  VOLUME = {50},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {157--224}
}


@BOOK{lavrac:book94,
  TITLE = {Inductive Logic Programming: Techniques and
                 Applications},
  AUTHOR = {Nada Lavrac and Saso Dzeroski},
  PUBLISHER = {Ellis Horwood},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {ILP}
}


@ARTICLE{lawler:or66,
  TITLE = {Branch and Bound Methods: {A} Survey},
  AUTHOR = {E. W. Lawler and D. E. Wood},
  JOURNAL = {Operations Research},
  VOLUME = {14},
  PAGES = {699--719},
  YEAR = {1966},
  KEY = {branch and bound}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lawrence:agents99,
  AUTHOR = {Steve Lawrence and Kurt Bollacker and C. Lee Giles},
  TITLE = {Autonomous Citation Matching},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Autonomous Agents},
  PUBLISHER = {ACM Press},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lawrence:ml01,
  AUTHOR = {Neil D. Lawrence and Bernhard Sch{\"o}lkopf},
  TITLE = {Estimating a Kernel {F}isher Discriminant in the
                  Presence of Label Noise},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Machine
                 Learning (ICML-2001)},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA},
  PAGES = {306--313},
  YEAR = {2001},
  ADDRESS = {Williamstown, MA}
}


@INCOLLECTION{leacock:bkchapter98,
  AUTHOR = {C. Leacock and M. Chodorow},
  BOOKTITLE = {{WordNet}: An Electronic Lexical Database},
  TITLE = {Combining Local Context and {WordNet} Similarity for
                 Word Sense Identification},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1998},
  EDITOR = {C. Fellbaum},
  CHAPTER = {11},
  PAGES = {265--284}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{leacock:hlt93,
  AUTHOR = {Claudia Leacock and Geoffrey Towell and Ellen M.
                 Voorhees},
  TITLE = {Corpus-Based Statistical Sense Resolution},
  YEAR = {1993},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the {ARPA} Workshop on Human Language
                 Technology},
  KEY = {line corpus, lexical disambiguation}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{leacock:siglex93,
  AUTHOR = {Claudia Leacock and Geoffrey Towell and Ellen M.
                 Voorhees},
  TITLE = {Towards Building Contextual Representations of Word
                 Senses Using Statistical Models},
  YEAR = {1993},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the {SIGLEX} Workshop: Acquisition of
                 Lexical Knowledge from Text},
  PAGES = {10--20},
  PUBLISHER = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  KEY = {line corpus, lexical diasmbiguation}
}


@INCOLLECTION{lebowitz:bkchapter86,
  AUTHOR = {Michael Lebowitz},
  TITLE = {Concept Learning in a Rich Input Domain:
                 Generalization-Based Memory},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning: An AI Approach, Vol. II},
  EDITOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski and Jaime G. Carbonell and Tom M.
                 Mitchell},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  PAGES = {193--214},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {gbm}
}


@ARTICLE{lebowitz:cogscij86,
  TITLE = {Integrated Learning: Controlling Explanation},
  AUTHOR = {Michael Lebowitz},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  VOLUME = {10},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {219--240},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {sbl ebl hybrid}
}


@ARTICLE{lebowitz:mlj87,
  TITLE = {Experiments with Incremental Concept Formation:
                 {UNIMEM}},
  AUTHOR = {Michael Lebowitz},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {2},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {103--138},
  YEAR = {1987}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{leckie:ijcai93,
  AUTHOR = {Chistopher Leckie and Ingrid Zuckerman},
  TITLE = {An Inductive Approach to Learning Search Control Rules
                 for Planning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-93)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1993},
  ADDRESS = {Chamberry,France},
  PAGES = {1100--1105}
}


@INCOLLECTION{lecun:nips90,
  AUTHOR = {Yann {Le Cun} and John Denker and Sara A. Solla and
                 Richard E. Howard and Lawrence D. Jackel},
  BOOKTITLE = {{Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
                 2}},
  TITLE = {Optimal Brain Damage},
  EDITOR = {David S. Touretzky},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@ARTICLE{leddo:jpsp84,
  AUTHOR = {J. Leddo and R. P. Abelson and P. H. Gross},
  TITLE = {Conjunctive explanations: When two reasons are better
                 than one},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
  YEAR = {1984},
  VOLUME = {47},
  PAGES = {933--943}
}


@BOOK{lederer:dt69,
  TITLE = {Reference Grammar of the German Language},
  AUTHOR = {Herbert Lederer},
  PUBLISHER = {Charles Scribner's Sons},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1969},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lee:dexa99,
  TITLE = {Cleansing Data for Mining and Warehousing},
  AUTHOR = {Mong Li Lee and Hongjun Lu and Tok Wang Ling and Yee
                 Teng Ko},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on
                 Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA-99)},
  YEAR = {1999},
  MONTH = AUG,
  ADDRESS = {Florence, Italy},
  KEY = {String comparison, Information integration}
}


@ARTICLE{lee:jd93,
  AUTHOR = {J. H. Lee and M. H. Kim and Lee Y. J.},
  TITLE = {Information Retrieval based on a Conceptual Distance
                 in {IS-A} heirarchy},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Documentation},
  YEAR = {1993},
  VOLUME = {49},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {188--207},
  MONTH = JUN
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lee:kdd00,
  AUTHOR = {Mong-Li Lee and Tok Wang Ling and Wai Lup Low},
  TITLE = {IntelliClean: a knowledge-based intelligent data
                  cleaner},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on
                 Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-2000)},
  PAGES = {290--294},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA},
  YEAR = 2000
}


@ARTICLE{lee:nature99,
  AUTHOR = {Daniel D. Lee and H. Sebastian Seung},
  TITLE = {Learning the Parts of Objects by Non-Negative Matrix Factorization},
  JOURNAL = {Nature},
  YEAR = {1999},
  VOLUME = {401},
  PAGES = {788--791}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lee:nips00,
  AUTHOR = {Daniel D. Lee and H. Sebastian Seung},
  TITLE = {Algorithms for Non-negative Matrix Factorization},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems},
  PAGES = {556--562},
  YEAR = {2000},
  URL = {citeseer.nj.nec.com/lee00algorithms.html}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lee:nips97,
  AUTHOR = {Daniel D. Lee and H. Sebastian Seung},
  TITLE = {Unsupervised Learning by Convex and Conic Coding},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems},
  PAGES = {515--521},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@BOOK{leech:book81,
  TITLE = {Semantics},
  AUTHOR = {Geoffrey Leech},
  YEAR = {1974},
  PUBLISHER = {Penguin Books Inc.}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lehman:aaai94,
  TITLE = {Toward the Essential Nature of Satistical Knowledge in
                 Sense Resolution},
  AUTHOR = {Jill Fain Lehman},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {734--741},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@BOOK{lehman:book92,
  TITLE = {Adaptive Parsing},
  AUTHOR = {Jill Fain Lehman},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  ADDRESS = {Boston},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{lehnert:aimag91,
  AUTHOR = {Wendy Lehnert and Beth Sundheim},
  TITLE = {A Performance Evaluation of Text-Analysis
                 Technologies},
  JOURNAL = {AI Magazine},
  YEAR = {1991},
  VOLUME = {12},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {81--94}
}


@INCOLLECTION{lehnert:muc92,
  AUTHOR = {Wendy Lehnert and Claire Cardie and David Fisher and
                 Joseph F. McCarthy and Ellen Riolff and Stephen
                 Soderland},
  TITLE = {University of Massachusetts: {MUC}-4 Test Results and
                 Analysis},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth DARPA Message Understanding
                 Evaluation and Conference (MUC-92)},
  YEAR = {1992},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  PAGES = {151--158}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{leigh:tr04,
  AUTHOR = {McAlister Leigh and Lemieux James},
  TITLE = {Comparison of Imputation Techniques: Accuracy of Imputations, Imputed Data Parameters, Imputed Model, Parameters and Quality of Marketing Decisions Implied by the Estimated Models},
  NOTE = {Working paper, Department of Marketing, Red McCombs School of
Business, University of Texas at Austin},
  YEAR = 2004
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lent:icde97,
  AUTHOR = {Brian Lent and Arun N. Swami and Jennifer Widom},
  TITLE = {Clustering Association Rules},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference
                 on Data Engineering (ICDE-97)},
  ADDRESS = {Birmingham, U.K.},
  PAGES = {220--231},
  MONTH = APR,
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lent:kdd97,
  AUTHOR = {Brian Lent and Rakesh Agrawal and Ramakrishnan
                 Srikant},
  TITLE = {Discovering trends in text databases},
  EDITOR = {David Heckerman and Daryl Pregibon Heikki Mannila and
                 Ramasamy Uthrysamy},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
                 Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-97)},
  PAGES = {227--230},
  ADDRESS = {Newport Beach, CA},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@ARTICLE{leonard:bioinfo02,
  AUTHOR = {Julie E. Leonard and Jeffrey B. Colombe and Joshua L. Levy},
  TITLE = {Finding Relevant References to Genes and Proteins in Medline Using a {Bayesian} Approach},
  JOURNAL = {Bioinformatics},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {11},
  PAGES = {1515--1522},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@ARTICLE{leroy:jbi03,
  AUTHOR = {G. Leroy and H. Chen and J. D. Martinez},
  TITLE = {A Shallow Parser Based on Closed-Class Words to Capture Relations in 
                  Biomedical Text},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Biomedical Informatics (JBI)},
  VOLUME = {36},
  PAGES = {145--158},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@ARTICLE{leslie:cog87,
  AUTHOR = {Alan M. Leslie and Stephanie Keeble},
  TITLE = {Do six-month-old infants perceive causality?},
  JOURNAL = {Cognition},
  VOLUME = {25},
  PAGES = {265--288},
  YEAR = {1987}
}


@ARTICLE{leslie:perception84,
  AUTHOR = {Alan M. Leslie},
  TITLE = {Spatiotemporal continuity and the perception of
                 causality in infants},
  JOURNAL = {Perception},
  VOLUME = {13},
  PAGES = {287--305},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@ARTICLE{levenshtein:spd66,
  AUTHOR = {V. I. Levenshtein},
  TITLE = {Binary codes capable of correcting insertions and
                 reversals},
  JOURNAL = {Soviet Physics Doklady},
  VOLUME = {10},
  NUMBER = {8},
  MONTH = FEB,
  YEAR = {1966},
  PAGES = {707--710}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{levesque:ijcai89,
  TITLE = {A Knowledge-Level Account of Abduction},
  AUTHOR = {Hector J. Levesque},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  PAGES = {1061--1067},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  KEY = {abduction}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lewis:ml94,
  TITLE = {Heterogeneous Uncertainty Sampling for Supervised
                 Learning},
  AUTHOR = {David D. Lewis and Jason Catlett},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-94)},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {148--156},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {active learning}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lewis:sigir94,
  AUTHOR = {David Lewis and William Gale},
  TITLE = {A Sequential Algorithm for Training Text Classifiers},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proc. of 17th Intl. ACM SIGIR Conf. on Research and Development in Information Retrieval},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{li:clrf00,
  AUTHOR = {Ping Li and Curt Burgess and Kevin Lund},
  TITLE = {The Acquisition of Word Meaning through Global Lexical
                 Co-Occurrences},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth Stanford Child Language
                 Research Forum},
  PAGES = {167--178},
  EDITOR = {E. V. Clark},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA},
  ORGANIZATION = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{li:icml00,
  AUTHOR = {Cen Li and Gautam Biswas},
  TITLE = {A bayesian approach to temporal data clustering
                  using hidden markov models},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International
                 Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-2000)},
  YEAR = {2000},
  PAGES = {543--550}
}


@BOOK{lieberman:book01,
  TITLE = {Your Wish is My Command: Programming by Example},
  EDITOR = {Henry Lieberman},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco},
  YEAR = {2001},
  KEY = {PBD, programming by demonstration}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{liere:aaai97,
  AUTHOR = {Ray Liere and Prasad Tadepalli},
  TITLE = {Active Learning with Committees for Text
                 Categorization},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-97)},
  ADDRESS = {Providence, RI},
  YEAR = {1997},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {591--596}
}


@ARTICLE{lin:mlj92,
  AUTHOR = {Long Ji Lin},
  TITLE = {Self-Improving Reactive Agents Based On Reinforcement
                   Learning, Planning and Teaching},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {8},
  PAGES = {293-321},
  YEAR = 1992,
  URL = {http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/journals/ml/ml8.html#Lin92}
}


@ARTICLE{lin:nle01,
  AUTHOR = {Deaking Lin and Patrick Pantel},
  TITLE = {Discovery of Inference Rules for Question Answering},
  JOURNAL = { Natural Language Engineering},
  VOLUME = {7},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {343--360},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lindberg:acl98,
  AUTHOR = {Nikolaj Lindberg and Martin Eineborg},
  TITLE = {Learning Constraint Grammar-style Disambiguation Rules
                 Using Inductive Logic Programming},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics and COLING-98
                 (ACL/COLING-98)},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {775--779},
  ADDRESS = {Montreal, Quebec}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lindberg:ilp99,
  AUTHOR = {Nikolaj Lindberg and Martin Eineborg},
  TITLE = {Improving part of speech disambiguation rules by
                 adding linguistic knowledge},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on
                 Inductive Logic Programming (ILP-99)},
  YEAR = {1999},
  EDITOR = {Sa\v{s}o D\v{z}eroski and Peter Flach},
  ADDRESS = {Bled, Slovenia},
  MONTH = JUN,
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{linden:um97,
  AUTHOR = {Greg Linden and Steve Hanks and Neal Lesh},
  TITLE = {Interactive Assessment of User Preference Models: The Automated Travel Assistant},
  BOOKTITLE = {User Modeling: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference},
  PAGES = {67--78},
  ADDRESS = {Vienna},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lindenbaum:aaai99,
  AUTHOR = {Michael Lindenbaum and Shaul Markovitch and Dmitry
                   Rusakov},
  TITLE = {Selective Sampling for Nearest Neighbor Classifiers},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99)},
  PAGES = {366-371},
  URL = {http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/aaai/aaai99.html#LindenbaumMR99},
  YEAR = 1999
}


@ARTICLE{ling:cog93,
  TITLE = {Answering the connectionist challenge: {A} symbolic
                 model of learning the past tense of {English} verbs},
  AUTHOR = {Charles X. Ling and Marin Marinov},
  JOURNAL = {Cognition},
  VOLUME = {49},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {235--290},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@MISC{ling:com95,
  AUTHOR = {Charles X. Ling},
  YEAR = {1995},
  NOTE = {Personal communication}
}


@ARTICLE{ling:jair94,
  AUTHOR = {Charles X. Ling},
  TITLE = {Learning the Past Tense of {English} Verbs: The
                 Symbolic Pattern Associator vs. Connectionist Models},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {1},
  PAGES = {209--229},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ling:ml91,
  TITLE = {Revision of Reduced Theories},
  AUTHOR = {Charles X. F. Ling and Marco Valtorta},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {519--523},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{lippman:nc89,
  TITLE = {Review of Research on Neural Nets for Speech},
  AUTHOR = {Richard P. Lippman},
  JOURNAL = {Neural Computation},
  VOLUME = {1},
  NUMBER = {1},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{litman:aaai94,
  TITLE = {Classifying Cue Phrases in Text and Speech Using
                 Machine Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Diane J. Litman},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGE = {806--813},
  KEY = {},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@ARTICLE{litman:cogscij87,
  AUTHOR = {Diane J. Litman and James F. Allen},
  TITLE = {A Plan Recognition Model for Subdialogues in
                 Conversations},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  YEAR = {1987},
  VOLUME = {11},
  PAGES = {163--200}
}


@ARTICLE{litman:jair96,
  TITLE = {Cue Phrase Classification Using Machine Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Diane J. Litman},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {5},
  PAGES = {53--95},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@BOOK{little:bk87,
  AUTHOR = {R. Little and D. Rubin},
  TITLE = {Statistical Analysis with Missing Data},
  PUBLISHER = {John Wiley and Sons,},
  YEAR = 1987
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{littlestone:focs92,
  AUTHOR = {Nick Littlestone and Manfred K. Warmuth},
  TITLE = {The Weighted Majority Algorithm},
  BOOKTITLE = {IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{liu:aaai96,
  AUTHOR = {B. Liu and W. Hsu},
  TITLE = {Post Analysis of Learned Rules},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96)},
  PAGES = {828--834},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{liu:iui03,
  AUTHOR = {Hugo Liu and Henry Lieberman and Ted Selker},
  TITLE = {A Model of Textual Affect Sensing Using Real-World
                 Knowledge},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on
                 Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI-2003)},
  PUBLISHER = {ACM},
  PAGES = {125--132},
  ADDRESS = {Miami, FL},
  MONTH = JAN,
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{liu:ml92,
  TITLE = {Augmenting and Efficiently Utilizing Domain Theory in
                 Explanation-Based Natural Language Acquisition},
  AUTHOR = {Rey-Long Liu and Von-Wun Soo},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-92)},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {Aberdeen, Scotland},
  PAGES = {475--479}
}


@ARTICLE{liu:nn99,
  AUTHOR = {Y. Liu and X. Yao},
  TITLE = {Ensemble learning via negative correlation},
  JOURNAL = {Neural Networks},
  YEAR = {1999},
  VOLUME = {12}
}


@ARTICLE{liu:tkde99,
  AUTHOR = {B. Liu and W. Hsu and L.-F. Mun and Lee H.},
  TITLE = {Finding interesting patterns using user expectations},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering},
  YEAR = {1999},
  VOLUME = {11},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {817--832}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lizotte:uai03,
  TITLE = {Budgeted Learning of Naive-Bayes Classifiers},
  AUTHOR = {Dan Lizotte and Omid Madani and Russell Greiner},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 19th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial
                 Intelligence (UAI-03)},
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {2003},
  ADDRESS = {Acapulco, Mexico},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{ljung:book87,
  AUTHOR = {Lennart Ljung},
  TITLE = {System Indetification: Theory for the User},
  PUBLISHER = {Prentice-Hall Information and System Sciences Series},
  YEAR = {1987}
}


@BOOK{lloyd:book84,
  TITLE = {Foundations of Logic Programming},
  EDITOR = {John W. Lloyd},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  YEAR = {1984},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{lodhi:jmlr02,
  AUTHOR = {Huma Lodhi and Craig Saunders and John Shawe-Taylor
                  and Nello Cristianini and Chris Watkins},
  TITLE = {Text Classification using String Kernels},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  VOLUME = 2,
  PAGES = {419--444},
  YEAR = 2002
}


@ARTICLE{loh:sigkdd00,
  AUTHOR = {Stanley Loh and Leandro Krug Wives and Jos\'{e}      
                 Palazzo M. de Oliveira},
  TITLE = {Concept-Based Knowledge Discovery in Texts Extracted
                 from the {W}eb},
  JOURNAL = {SIGKDD Explorations},
  VOLUME = {2},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {29--39},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@BOOK{lowry:book91,
  TITLE = {Automating Software Design},
  EDITOR = {Michael R. Lowry and Robert D. McCartney},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press},
  ADDRESS = {Menlo Park, CA},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{lucarella:jis88,
  AUTHOR = {Dario Lucarella},
  TITLE = {A Document Retrieval System Based on Nearest Neighbour Searching},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Information Science},
  PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  VOLUME = {14},
  PAGES = {25--33},
  YEAR = {1988}
}


@ARTICLE{luce:94,
  TITLE = {Infants' sensitivity to phonotactic patterns in the
                 native language},
  AUTHOR = {Peter W. Jusczyk and Paul A. Luce and Jan
                 Charles-Luce},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  VOLUME = {33},
  PAGES = {630--645},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lund:cogsc95,
  TITLE = {Semantic and associative priming in high-dimensional
                 semantic space},
  AUTHOR = {Kevin Lund and Curt Burgess and Ruth Ann Atchley},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Conference of
                 the Cognitive Science Society},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {660--665}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{lytinen:law89,
  TITLE = {Lexical Acquisition as a By-Product of Natural
                 Language Processing},
  AUTHOR = {S. Lytinen and S. Roberts},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Lexical
                 Acquisition Workshop},
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ma:ml91,
  TITLE = {Improving the Performance of Inconsistent Knowledge
                 Bases via Combined Optimization Method},
  AUTHOR = {Yong Ma and David C. Wilkins},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {23--27},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {certainty factors}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{macfadzean:paper94,
  AUTHOR = {R. H. Macfadzean},
  TITLE = {Using Multi-layer Belief Networks for Situation
                 Assessment in Complex Man-Machine Systems},
  NOTE = {Unpublished project report},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{maclin:aaai94,
  AUTHOR = {Richard Maclin and Jude W. Shavlik},
  TITLE = {Incorporating Advice into Agents that Learn from
                   Reinforcements},
  BOOKTITLE = {National Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  PAGES = {694-699},
  URL = {citeseer.nj.nec.com/maclin94incorporating.html},
  YEAR = 1994
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{maclin:aaai97,
  AUTHOR = {R. Maclin and D. Opitz},
  TITLE = {An Empirical Evaluation of Bagging and Boosting},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the {F}ourteenth {N}ational
                   {C}onference on {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence},
  ADDRESS = {Providence, RI},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press},
  YEAR = 1997
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{maclin:ml91,
  TITLE = {Refining Domain Theories Expressed as Finite-State
                 Automata},
  AUTHOR = {R. Maclin and Jude W. Shavlik},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {524--528},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {KBANN}
}


@ARTICLE{maclin:ml96,
  AUTHOR = {R. Maclin and J. W. Shavlik},
  TITLE = {Creating Advice-Taking Reinforcement Learners},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {22},
  PAGES = {251--281},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{macqueen:smsp67,
  AUTHOR = {J. MacQueen},
  TITLE = {Some methods for classification and analysis of
                 multivariate observations},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 5th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical
                 Statistics and Probability},
  PAGES = {281--297},
  YEAR = {1967}
}


@ARTICLE{macwhinney:cog91,
  TITLE = {Implementations are not conceptualizations: Revising
                 the verb model},
  AUTHOR = {B. MacWhinney and J. Leinbach},
  JOURNAL = {Cognition},
  VOLUME = {40},
  PAGES = {291--296},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@ARTICLE{maes:cacm94,
  TITLE = {Agents that Reduce Work and Information Overload},
  AUTHOR = {Pattie Maes},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {37},
  NUMBER = {7},
  PAGES = {31--40},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{magerman:acl95,
  TITLE = {Statistical Decision-Tree Models for Parsing},
  AUTHOR = {D. M. Magerman},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-95)},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {276--283},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@PHDTHESIS{magerman:thesis94,
  TITLE = {Natural Lagnuage Parsing as Statistical Pattern
                 Recognition},
  AUTHOR = {David M. Magerman},
  SCHOOL = {Stanford University},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{mahesh:ss-nlw97,
  EDITOR = {K. Mahesh},
  TITLE = {Papers from the AAAI Spring Symposium on Natural
                 Language Processing for the World Wide Web},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mahoney:caia92,
  TITLE = {Can Competitive Learning Compete?: Comparing a
                 Connectionist Clustering Technique to Symbolic
                 Approaches},
  AUTHOR = {J. J. Mahoney and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Conference on Artificial
                 Intelligence Applications},
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Santa Barabara, CA},
  PAGES = {78--84},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{mahoney:connsc93,
  TITLE = {Combining Connectionist and Symbolic Learning to
                 Refine Certainty-Factor Rule-Bases},
  AUTHOR = {J. J. Mahoney and Raymond J. Mooney},
  JOURNAL = {Connection Science},
  VOLUME = {5},
  PAGES = {339--364},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {}
}


@MISC{mahoney:ftp92,
  TITLE = {Rapture},
  AUTHOR = {J. J. Mahoney},
  HOWPUBLISHED = {cs.utexas.edu FTP archive},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {mahoney proposal}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mahoney:ml94,
  TITLE = {Comparing Methods for Refining Certainty-Factor Rule
                 Bases},
  AUTHOR = {J. J. Mahoney and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-94)},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {173--180},
  ADDRESS = {New Brunswick, NJ},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {RAPTURE THREV}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mahoney:mlw92,
  TITLE = {Combining Symbolic and Neural Learning to Revise
                 Probabilistic Theories},
  AUTHOR = {J. Mahoney and Raymond Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the ML92 Workshop on Integrated
                 Learning in Real Domains},
  MONTH = JUL,
  ADDRESS = {Aberdeen, Scotland},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mahoney:nips92,
  TITLE = {Combining Neural and Symbolic Learning to Revise
                 Probabilistic Rule Bases},
  AUTHOR = {J. J. Mahoney and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
                 5},
  EDITOR = {S. J. Hanson and J. C. Cowan and C. L. Giles},
  PAGES = {107--114},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  KEY = {RAPTURE}
}


@PHDTHESIS{mahoney:thesis96,
  TITLE = {Combining Symbolic and Connectionist Learning to
                 Revise Certainty-Factor Rule Bases},
  AUTHOR = {J. J. Mahoney},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1996},
  MONTH = MAY,
  NOTE = {Also appears as Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
                 Technical Report AI 96-260},
  KEY = {Rapture}
}


@TECHREPORT{mahoney:tr91,
  TITLE = {Initializing {ID5R} with a Domain Theory: Some
                 Negative Results},
  AUTHOR = {J. J. Mahoney and Raymond J. Mooney},
  NUMBER = {AI91-154},
  INSTITUTION = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of
                 Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  MONTH = MAR,
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{manandhar:ilp98,
  AUTHOR = {Suresh Manandhar and Saso Dzeroski and Tomaz Erjavec},
  TITLE = {Learning Multilingual Morphology with {CLOG}},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on
                 Inductive Logic Programming (ILP-98)},
  PAGES = {135--144},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@ARTICLE{mangasarian:mlj02,
  AUTHOR = {O. L. Mangasarian and David R. Musicant},
  TITLE = {Large Scale Kernel Regression via Linear Programming},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {46},
  PAGES = {255--269},
  YEAR = {2002},
  KEY = {SVM regression}
}


@TECHREPORT{mannila:tr97,
  AUTHOR = {Heikki Mannila and Hannu Toivonen and A. Inkeri
                 Verkamo},
  TITLE = {Discovery of Frequent Episodes in Event Sequences},
  INSTITUTION = {Department of Computer Science, University of
                 Helsinki},
  ADDRESS = {Helsinki, Finland},
  NUMBER = {C-1997-15},
  MONTH = FEB,
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{manning:acl93,
  AUTHOR = {Christopher D. Manning},
  TITLE = {Automatic Acquisition of a Large Subcategorization
                 Dictionary from Corpora},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-93)},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PAGES = {235--242},
  ADDRESS = {Columbus, OH}
}


@BOOK{manning:book99,
  AUTHOR = {C. D. Manning and H. Sch{\"{u}}tze},
  TITLE = {Foundations of Statistical Natural Language
                 Processing},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{manning:iwpt97,
  AUTHOR = {C. D. Manning and Bob Carpenter},
  TITLE = {Three generative, lexicalised models for statistical
                 parsing},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on
                 Parsing Technologies},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PAGES = {147--158}
}


@ARTICLE{marcotte:bioinfo01,
  TITLE = {Mining literature for protein-protein interactions},
  AUTHOR = {Edward Marcotte and Ioannis Xenarios and David
                 Eisenberg},
  JOURNAL = {Bioinformatics},
  VOLUME = {Apr;17(4)},
  PAGES = {359--363},
  YEAR = {2001},
  KEY = {compbio}
}


@ARTICLE{marcotte:pnas00,
  AUTHOR = {E. M. Marcotte and I. Xenarios and A. van der Bliek and D. Eisenberg},
  TITLE = {Localizing proteins in the cell from their phylogenetic profiles},
  JOURNAL = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Science},
  YEAR = {2000},
  VOLUME = {97},
  PAGES = {12115-20}
}


@BOOK{marcus:book80,
  AUTHOR = {M. Marcus},
  TITLE = {A Theory of Syntactic Recognition for Natural
                 Language},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1980},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@ARTICLE{marcus:compling93,
  TITLE = {Building a Large Annotated Corpus of {English}: The
                 {Penn} Treebank},
  AUTHOR = {M. Marcus and B. Santorini and M. A. Marcinkiewicz},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {19},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {313--330},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@BOOK{mardia:book00,
  AUTHOR = {K. V. Mardia and P. Jupp},
  TITLE = {Directional Statistics},
  PUBLISHER = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2nd edition},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{marechal:cogsc97,
  TITLE = {A connectionist account of interference effects in
                 early infant memory and categorization},
  AUTHOR = {D. Marechal and R. M. French},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Conference of
                 the Cognitive Science Society},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@INCOLLECTION{margineantu:lns02,
  AUTHOR = {Dragos D. Margineantu and Thomas G. Dietterich},
  TITLE = {Improved Class Probability Estimates from Decision Tree Models},
  BOOKTITLE = {Nonlinear Estimation and Classification: Lecture Notes in Statistics},
  PAGES = {169-184},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer-Verlag},
  YEAR = 2002,
  EDITOR = {D. D. Denison and  M. H. Hansen and C. C. Holmes and B. Mallick and B. Yu},
  SERIES = 171
}


@INCOLLECTION{markman:bkchapter94,
  TITLE = {Constraints on word meaning in early language
                 acquisition},
  AUTHOR = {E. Markman},
  BOOKTITLE = {The Acquisition of the Lexicon},
  EDITOR = {L. Gleitman and B. Landau},
  PAGES = {199--207},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@ARTICLE{markman:cogscij90,
  AUTHOR = {E. Markman},
  TITLE = {Constraints Children Place on Word Meanings},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  YEAR = {1990},
  VOLUME = {14},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {57--77}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{markovitch:ijcai89,
  TITLE = {Utilization Filtering: {A} Method for Reducing the
                 Inherent Harmfulness of Deductively Learning
                 Knowledge},
  AUTHOR = {Shaul Markovitch and Paul D. Scott},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  PAGES = {738--743},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{marquez:mlj99,
  TITLE = {A Machine Learning Approach to {POS} Tagging},
  AUTHOR = {L. Marquez and L. Padro and H. Rodriguez},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {39},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {59--91},
  YEAR = {1999},
  KEY = {decision trees, POS tagging}
}


@ARTICLE{martins:ai88,
  TITLE = {A Model for Belief Revision},
  AUTHOR = {J. P. Martins and S. C. Shapiro},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {35},
  PAGES = {25--79},
  YEAR = {1988}
}


@ARTICLE{marzal:ieeepami93,
  TITLE = {Computation of Normalized Edit Distance and
                 Applications},
  AUTHOR = {Andr'es Marzal and Enrique Vidal},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
                 Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {15},
  NUMBER = {9},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PAGES = {926--932},
  KEY = {String comparison}
}


@INBOOK{mason:bkchapter00,
  AUTHOR = {L. Mason and  J. Baxter and P. L. Bartlett and M. Frean},
  OPTEDITOR = {A. J. Smola and P. L. Bartlett and B. Scholkopf and D. Schuurmans},
  TITLE = {Advances in Large Margin Classifiers},
  CHAPTER = {Functional gradient techniques for combining hypotheses},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = 2000,
  PAGES = {221-246}
}


@TECHREPORT{matan:tr95,
  TITLE = {On-Site Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Ofer Matan},
  INSTITUTION = {Logic Group, Stanford University},
  NUMBER = {LOGIC-95-4},
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{matheus:ijcai89,
  TITLE = {Constructive Induction on Decision Trees},
  AUTHOR = {C. J. Matheus and L. A. Rendell},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  PAGES = {645--650},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  KEY = {CITRE}
}


@TECHREPORT{matsumoto:tr94,
  AUTHOR = {Yuji Matsumoto and Sadao Kurohashi and Takehito Utsuro
                 and Yutaka Myoki and Makoto Nagao},
  TITLE = {Japanese Morphological Analysis System {JUMAN} Manual,
                 version 2.0 (in {Japanese})},
  INSTITUTION = {Nara Institute of Science and Technology},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1994},
  TYPE = {Technical Report},
  NUMBER = {NAIST-IS-TR94025},
  ADDRESS = {Nara, Japan}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{matwin:ml92,
  TITLE = {Sub-unification: {A} Tool for Efficient Induction of
                 Recursive Programs},
  AUTHOR = {Stephane Lapointe and Stan Matwin},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-92)},
  PAGES = {273--281},
  ADDRESS = {Aberdeen, Scotland},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{matwin:msl91,
  TITLE = {A Deductive-Inductive Method for Theory Revision},
  AUTHOR = {S. Matwin and B. Plante},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on
                 Multistrategy Learning},
  PAGES = {160--174},
  MONTH = NOV,
  ADDRESS = {Harper's Ferry, W.Va.},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{mayberry:paper95,
  AUTHOR = {III Marshall R. Mayberry},
  TITLE = {A {B}ayesian Approach to Translating {J}apanese Verb
                 Aspect to English},
  NOTE = {Report for a class project. The University of Texas at
                 Austin},
  YEAR = {1995},
  MONTH = MAY,
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{maytal:ijcai01,
  AUTHOR = {Maytal Saar-Tsechansky and Foster J. Provost},
  TITLE = {Active Learning for Class Probability Estimation and
                   Ranking.},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-2001)},
  PAGES = {911-920},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@ARTICLE{maytal:ml04,
  AUTHOR = {M. Saar-Tsechansky and F. Provost},
  TITLE = {Active Sampling for Class Probability Estimation and Ranking},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  YEAR = 2004,
  VOLUME = 54,
  PAGES = {153--178}
}


@TECHREPORT{mcallester:tr85,
  AUTHOR = {David McAllester},
  TITLE = {A Widely Used Truth-Maintenance System},
  INSTITUTION = {MIT},
  YEAR = {1985},
  TYPE = {AI Lab memo},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mccallum:conll03,
  AUTHOR = {Andrew McCallum and Wei Li},
  TITLE = {Early Results for Named Entity Recognition with
                  Conditional Random Fields, Feature Induction and
                  Web-Enhanced Lexicons},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proc. of the Seventh Conference on Natural Language Learning ({C}o{NLL}-2003)},
  ADDRESS = {Edmonton, Canada},
  YEAR = 2003
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mccallum:ijcai03-wkshp,
  AUTHOR = {Andrew McCallum and Ben Wellner},
  TITLE = {Toward Conditional Models of Identity Uncertainty
                  with Application to Proper Noun Coreference},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the IJCAI-2003 Workshop on
                  Information Integration on the Web},
  PAGES = {79--86},
  ADDRESS = {Acapulco, Mexico},
  YEAR = 2003,
  MONTH = AUG
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mccallum:ijcai03-wkshp2,
  AUTHOR = {Andrew McCallum and David Jensen},
  TITLE = {A Note on the Unification of Information Extraction
                 and Data Mining Using Conditional-Probability,    
                 Relational Models},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the IJCAI-2003 Workshop on Learning
                 Statistical Models from Relational Data},
  ADDRESS = {Acapulco, Mexico},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mccallum:ijcai99,
  TITLE = {A Machine Learning Approach to Building
                 Domain-Specific Search Engines},
  AUTHOR = {Andrew McCallum and Kamal Nigam and Jason Rennie
                 and Kristie Seymore},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-99)},
  YEAR = {1999},
  PAGES = {662--667},
  ADDRESS = {Stockholm, Sweden},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{mccallum:ir00,
  TITLE = {Automating the Construction of Internet Portals with
                 Machine Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Andrew McCallum and Kamal Nigam and Jason Rennie
                 and Kristie Seymore},
  JOURNAL = {Information Retrieval},
  VOLUME = {3},
  NUMBER = {2},
  KEY = {Cora},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer},
  PAGES = {127--163},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mccallum:kdd00,
  TITLE = {Efficient Clustering of High-Dimensional Data Sets
                 with Application to Reference Matching},
  AUTHOR = {Andrew McCallum and Kamal Nigam and Lyle Ungar},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on
                 Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-2000)},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {169--178},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{mccallum:mallet,
  AUTHOR = {Andrew Kachites McCallum},
  TITLE = {MALLET: A Machine Learning for Language Toolkit},
  NOTE = {http://mallet.cs.umass.edu},
  YEAR = 2002
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mccallum:ml00,
  TITLE = {Maximum Entropy {Markov} Models for Information
                 Extraction and Segmentation},
  AUTHOR = {Andrew McCallum and Dayne Freitag and Fernando
                 Pereira},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International
                 Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-2000)},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mccallum:ml98,
  AUTHOR = {Andrew McCallum and Kamal Nigam},
  TITLE = {Employing {EM} and Pool-Based Active Learning for Text
                 Classification},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-98)},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {},
  KEY = {text categorization}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mccallum:ml98b,
  AUTHOR = {Andrew McCallum and R. Rosenfeld and Tom Mitchell
                 and A. Y. Ng},
  TITLE = {Improving Text Classification by Shrinkage in a
                 Hierarchy of Classes},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-98)},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {359--367},
  KEY = {textcat}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mccallum:nips03,
  AUTHOR = {Andrew McCallum and Khashayar Rohanimanesh and Charles Sutton},
  TITLE = {Dynamic Conditional Random Fields for Jointly Labeling Multiple Sequences},
  BOOKTITLE = {NIPS-2003 Workshop on Syntax, Semantics, Statistics},
  YEAR = 2003
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mccallum:textcat-wkshp98,
  TITLE = {A Comparison of Event Models for Naive {Bayes} Text
                 Classification},
  AUTHOR = {Andrew McCallum and Kamal Nigam},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the AAAI-98 Workshop on Text
                 Categorization},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {41--48},
  KEY = {text categorization, naive bayes},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{mccallum:unpublished96,
  AUTHOR = {Andrew McCallum},
  TITLE = {Bow: {A} toolkit for statistical language modeling,
                 text retrieval, classification and clustering},
  YEAR = {1996},
  NOTE = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/{\textasciitilde}mccallum/bow}
}


@ARTICLE{mccarthy:ai80,
  AUTHOR = {John McCarthy},
  TITLE = {Circumscription --- {A} Form of Non-Monotonic
                 Reasoning},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1980},
  VOLUME = {13},
  PAGES = {27--39}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mccarthy:bkchapter68,
  AUTHOR = {J. McCarthy},
  TITLE = {Programs with Common Sense},
  BOOKTITLE = {Semantic Information Processing},
  EDITOR = {M. Minksy},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1968},
  KEY = {Advice Taker}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mccarthy:ijcai95,
  AUTHOR = {John McCarthy and Wendy Lehnert},
  TITLE = {Using Decision Trees for Coreference Resolution},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95)},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {1050--1055}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mcclelland:bkchapter86,
  AUTHOR = {James L. McClelland and Alan H. Kawamoto},
  TITLE = {Mechanisms of Sentence Processing: Assigning Roles to
                 Constituents of Sentences},
  BOOKTITLE = {Parallel Distributed Processing, Vol. II},
  EDITOR = {David E. Rumelhart and James L. McClelland},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  PAGES = {318--362},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {connectionism pdp case}
}


@BOOK{mccook:book93,
  EDITOR = {Kathleen {de la Pena} McCook and Gary O. Rolstad},
  TITLE = {Developing Readers' Advisory Services: Concepts and
                 Committments},
  PUBLISHER = {Neal-Schuman},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@TECHREPORT{mccune:tr90,
  AUTHOR = {William W. McCune},
  TITLE = {{OTTER} 2.0 Users Guide},
  INSTITUTION = {Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne
                 National Laboratory},
  MONTH = MAR,
  YEAR = {1990},
  TYPE = {Technical Report},
  NUMBER = {ANL-90/9},
  ADDRESS = {Argonne, Illinois}
}


@ARTICLE{mcdermott:ai91,
  AUTHOR = {Drew McDermott},
  TITLE = {A General Framework for Reason Maintenance},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1991},
  VOLUME = {50},
  PAGES = {289--329}
}


@ARTICLE{mcdermott:ci87,
  AUTHOR = {Drew McDermott},
  TITLE = {A Critique of Pure Reason},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1987},
  VOLUME = {3},
  PAGES = {151--160}
}


@ARTICLE{mcdermott:ijis91,
  TITLE = {Regression Planning},
  AUTHOR = {Drew McDermott},
  YEAR = {1991},
  JOURNAL = {International Journal of Intelligent Systems},
  VOLUME = {6},
  PAGES = {357--416},
  KEY = {pedestal}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mckay:annes01,
  AUTHOR = {R. McKay and H. Abbass},
  TITLE = {Analyzing Anticorrelation in Ensemble Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 2001 Conference on Artificial Neural Networks
                  and Expert Systems},
  YEAR = 2001,
  PAGES = {22--27},
  ADDRESS = {Otago, New Zealand}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mckay:wkshp01,
  AUTHOR = {R. McKay and H. Abbass},
  TITLE = {Anticorrelation Measures in Genetic Programming},
  BOOKTITLE = {Australasia-Japan Workshop on Intelligent and Evolutionary
                  Systems},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@BOOK{mclelland:book88,
  MYKEY = {mcclelland-88 : .unr2 .bap .unb .con .blt .har .cdr},
  TITLE = {{Explorations in Parallel Distributed Processing: A
                 Handbook of Models, Programs, and Exercises}},
  AUTHOR = {James L. McClelland and David E. Rumelhart},
  YEAR = {1988},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mcnee:cscw02,
  AUTHOR = {McNee, S. and Albert, I. and Cosley, D. and Gopalkrishnan, P. and Lam, S.K. and Rashid, A.M. and Konstan, J.A. and  Riedl, J.},
  TITLE = {On the Recommending of Citations for Research Papers},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of ACM 2002 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work},
  PAGES = {116--125},
  YEAR = {2002},
  ADDRESS = {New Orleans, LA}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{mcquesten:paper95,
  AUTHOR = {Paul McQuesten},
  TITLE = {Abductive {B}anner},
  NOTE = {Report for a class project. The University of Texas at
                 Austin},
  YEAR = {1995},
  MONTH = {Summer},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mecaliff:ss98,
  AUTHOR = {Mary Elaine Califf and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Relational Learning of Pattern-Match Rules for
                 Information Extraction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Working Notes of AAAI Spring Symposium on Applying
                 Machine Learning to Discourse Processing},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press},
  ADDRESS = {Menlo Park, CA},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {6--11}
}


@ARTICLE{medin:ampsy89,
  AUTHOR = {Douglas L. Medin},
  TITLE = {Concepts and conceptual structure},
  JOURNAL = {American Psychologist},
  YEAR = {1989},
  VOLUME = {44},
  PAGES = {1469--1481}
}


@INCOLLECTION{meier:bkchapter90,
  TITLE = {Person deixis in {American Sign Language}},
  AUTHOR = {Richard P. Meier},
  BOOKTITLE = {Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research. Vol. 1:
                 Linguistics},
  EDITOR = {S. D. Fischer and P. Siple},
  PUBLISHER = {University of Chicago Press},
  ADDRESS = {Chicago},
  PAGES = {175--190},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{meier:jml87,
  AUTHOR = {Richard P. Meier},
  TITLE = {Elicited imitation of verb agreement in {American Sign
                 Language}: Iconically or morphologically determined?},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Memory and Language},
  VOLUME = {26},
  PAGES = {362--376},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{meier:language90,
  AUTHOR = {Richard P. Meier and Elissa L. Newport},
  TITLE = {Out of the hands of babes: On a possible sign
                 advantage in language acquisition},
  JOURNAL = {Language},
  VOLUME = {66},
  PAGES = {1--23},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{meila:colt03,
  AUTHOR = {Marina Meila},
  TITLE = {Comparing Clusterings},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference on
                 Computational Learning Theory},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{meila:nips01,
  AUTHOR = {Marina Meila and Jianbo Shi},
  TITLE = {Learning Segmentation by Random Walks},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 13},
  YEAR = 2001,
  PAGES = {873--879}
}


@TECHREPORT{meila:tr98,
  AUTHOR = {Marina Meila and David Heckerman},
  TITLE = {An Experimental Comparison of Several Clustering and
                 Initialization Methods},
  INSTITUTION = {Microsoft Research},
  YEAR = {1998},
  NUMBER = {MSR-TR-98-06},
  MONTH = FEB
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{melamed:amta96,
  AUTHOR = {I. Dan Melamed},
  TITLE = {Automatic Construction of Clean Broad-Coverage
                 Translation Lexicons},
  BOOKTITLE = {Second Conference of the Association for Machine
                 Translation in the Americas},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PLACE = {Montreal, Canada}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{melamed:wvlc95,
  AUTHOR = {I. Dan Melamed},
  TITLE = {Automatic Evaluation and Uniform Filter Cascades for
                 Inducing ${N}$-best Translation Lexicons},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very Large
                 Corpora},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PLACE = {Boston, MA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{melville:aaai02,
  TITLE = {Content-Boosted Collaborative Filtering for Improved Recommendations},
  AUTHOR = {P. Melville and R. J. Mooney and R. Nagarajan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-2002)},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press / The MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Edmonton, Alberta},
  PAGES = {187--192},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{melville:icml04,
  AUTHOR = {Prem Melville and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Diverse Ensembles for Active Learning},
  NOTE = {Submitted for review},
  YEAR = 2004
}


@ARTICLE{melville:if04,
  AUTHOR = {Prem Melville and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Creating Diversity in Ensembles Using Artificial Data},
  JOURNAL = {Information Fusion: Special Issue on 
                   Diversity in Multiclassifier Systems},
  YEAR = 2004
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{melville:ijcai03,
  AUTHOR = {Prem Melville and Ray Mooney},
  TITLE = {Constructing Diverse Classifier Ensembles Using Artificial
                  Training Examples},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Joint Conference
                  on Artificial Intelligence},
  PAGES = {505--510},
  YEAR = 2003,
  ADDRESS = {Acapulco, Mexico},
  MONTH = {August}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{melville:mcs04,
  AUTHOR = {Prem Melville and  Nishit Shah and  Lilyana Mihalkova and  Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Experiments on Ensembles with Missing and Noisy Data},
  NOTE = {Submitted to {\em Workshop on Multi Classifier Systems}},
  YEAR = 2004
}


@TECHREPORT{melville:tr04,
  AUTHOR = {Prem Melville and  Nishit Shah and  Lilyana Mihalkova and  Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Experiments on Ensembles with Missing and Noisy Data},
  INSTITUTION = {University of Texas at Austin},
  YEAR = {Forthcoming 2004}
}


@ARTICLE{merialdo:compling94,
  TITLE = {Tagging {English} Text with a Probabilistic Model},
  AUTHOR = {Bernard Merialdo},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {20},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {155--172},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{merugu:icdm03,
  AUTHOR = {Srujana Merugu and Joydeep Ghosh},
  TITLE = {Privacy-preserving Distributed Clustering using
                  Generative Models},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third {IEEE} International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM-03)},
  YEAR = 2003
}


@MISC{merz:mdr96,
  TITLE = {Repository of Machine Learning Databases
                 {\footnotesize
                 \verb+http://www.ics.uci.edu/~mlearn/MLRepository.html+}},
  AUTHOR = {Chris J. Merz and Patrick M. Murphy and David W. Aha},
  YEAR = {1996},
  HOWPUBLISHED = {Department of Information and Computer Science,
                 University of California, Irvine, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mettu:focs00,
  AUTHOR = {Ramgopal Mettu and C. Greg Plaxton},
  TITLE = {The Online Median Problem},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 41st Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science},
  PAGES = {339-348},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@ARTICLE{mezard:jp89,
  TITLE = {Learning in Feedforward layered networks: The tiling
                 algorithm},
  AUTHOR = {Marc Mezard and Jean-Pierre Nadal},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Physics},
  VOLUME = {A22},
  NUMBER = {12},
  PAGES = {2191--2203},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {THe Tiling Algorithm}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mgams:ewsl89,
  TITLE = {New measurements highlight the importance of redundant
                 knowledge},
  AUTHOR = {Matjaz Gams},
  BOOKTITLE = {European Working Session on Learning (4th: 1989)},
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Montpeiller, France}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{michalowski:kdd03-wkshp,
  AUTHOR = {Martin Michalowski and Snehal Thakkar and Craig
                  A. Knoblock},
  TITLE = {Exploiting Secondary Sources for Automatic Object
                  Consolidation},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD-03 Workshop on Data
                  Cleaning, Record Linkage, and Object Consolidation},
  YEAR = 2003,
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {34--36},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, DC}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{michalski:aaai86,
  TITLE = {The Multi-Purpose Incremental Learning System 
                  {AQ15} and its Testing Application to Three Medical Domains},
  AUTHOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski and Igor Mozetic and Jiarong Hong
                 and Nada Lavrac},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-86)},
  ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, PA},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {1041--1045},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{michalski:ai83,
  AUTHOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski},
  TITLE = {A Theory and Methodology of Inductive Learning},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {20},
  PAGES = {111--161},
  YEAR = {1983},
  KEY = {sbl}
}


@INCOLLECTION{michalski:bkchapter83,
  AUTHOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski},
  TITLE = {A Theory and Methodology of Inductive Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence
                 Approach},
  EDITOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski and Jaime G. Carbonell and Tom M.
                 Mitchell},
  PUBLISHER = {Tioga},
  PAGES = {83--134},
  YEAR = {1983},
  KEY = {sbl}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{michalski:mvl75,
  TITLE = {Synthesis of Optimal and Quasi-optimal Variable Valued
                 Logic Formulas},
  AUTHOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1975 International Symposium on
                 Multiple-Valued Logic},
  ADDRESS = {Bloomington, IN},
  PAGES = {76--87},
  YEAR = {1975},
  KEY = {aq}
}


@ARTICLE{michalski:pais80,
  TITLE = {Learning by Being Told and Learning from Examples: An
                 Experimental Comparison of the Two Methods of Knowledge
                 Acquisition in the Context of Developing an Expert
                 System for Soybean Disease Diagnosis},
  AUTHOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski and R. L. Chilausky},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Policy Analysis and Information Systems},
  VOLUME = {4},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {126--161},
  YEAR = {1980},
  KEY = {soybean}
}


@BOOK{michie:book94,
  TITLE = {Machine Learning, Neural and Statistical
                 Classification},
  EDITOR = {Donald Michie and D. J. Spiegelhalter and Charles C.
                 Taylor},
  PUBLISHER = {Ellis Horwood},
  ADDRESS = {Hertfordshire, UK},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{miikkulainen:book93,
  AUTHOR = {Risto Miikkulainen},
  TITLE = {Subsymbolic Natural Language Processing: {A}n
                 Integrated Model of Scripts, Lexicon, and Memory},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1993},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@ARTICLE{miikkulainen:cogscij91,
  TITLE = {Natural Language Processing With Modular 
                  {PDP} Networks and Distributed Lexicon},
  AUTHOR = {Risto Miikkulainen and Michael G. Dyer},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  VOLUME = {15},
  PAGES = {343--399},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {pdp, case-grammar}
}


@ARTICLE{miikkulainen:cogscij96,
  TITLE = {Subsymbolic Case-Role Analysis of Sentences with
                 Embedded Clauses},
  AUTHOR = {Risto Miikkulainen},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  VOLUME = {20},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {47--73},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {nla SPEC}
}


@PHDTHESIS{miikkulainen:thesis90,
  AUTHOR = {Risto Miikkulainen},
  TITLE = {{DISCERN}: {A} Distributed Artificial Neural Network
                 Model of Script Processing and Memory},
  SCHOOL = {University of California},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{miller:acl94,
  AUTHOR = {Scott Miller and Robert Bobrow and Robert Ingria and
                 Richard Schwartz},
  TITLE = {Hidden Understanding Models of Natural Language},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-94)},
  YEAR = {1994},
  PAGES = {25--32}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{miller:acl96,
  AUTHOR = {Scott Miller and David Stallard and Robert Bobrow and
                 Richard Schwartz},
  TITLE = {A Fully Statistical Approach to Natural Language
                 Interfaces},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PAGES = {55--61},
  ADDRESS = {Santa Cruz, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{miller:cca91,
  TITLE = {A Case Study of Hubble and Space Telescope Proposal
                 Processing, Planning and Long-Range Scheduling},
  AUTHOR = {G. Miller and M. Johnston},
  BOOKTITLE = {Processing of the Eight Conference on Computing in
                 Aerospace},
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {1--13},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, DC},
  KEY = {SPIKE}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{miller:ftp93,
  TITLE = {Introduction to {WordNet}: An On-line Lexical
                 Database},
  AUTHOR = {G. Miller and R. Beckwith and C. Fellbaum and D. Gross
                 and K. Miller},
  NOTE = {Available by ftp to clarity.princeton.edu},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{miller:icassp03,
  AUTHOR = {David J. Miller and James Browning},
  TITLE = {A Mixture Model and {EM} Algorithm for Robust Classification, Outlier Rejection, and Class Discovery},
  BOOKTITLE = {IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@ARTICLE{miller:ijl91,
  TITLE = {{WordNet}: An On-Line Lexical Database},
  AUTHOR = {G. Miller},
  JOURNAL = {International Journal of Lexicography},
  VOLUME = {3},
  NUMBER = {4},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{miller:ml91,
  TITLE = {A Constraint-Motivated Model of Lexical Acquisition},
  AUTHOR = {C. G. Miller and J. E. Laird},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {95--99}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{miller:sigmod97,
  AUTHOR = {Ren{\'e}e J. Miller and Yuping Yang},
  TITLE = {Association Rules over Interval Data},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMOD International
                 Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD-97)},
  EDITOR = {Joan Peckham},
  ADDRESS = {Tucson, AZ},
  PAGES = {452--461},
  MONTH = MAY,
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@ARTICLE{mingers:mlj89,
  TITLE = {An Empirical Comparison of Pruning Methods for
                 Decision Tree Induction},
  AUTHOR = {J. Mingers},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {4},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {227--243},
  MONTH = NOV,
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {noise}
}


@BOOK{minsky:book69,
  TITLE = {Perceptrons},
  AUTHOR = {M. L. Minsky and S. A. Papert},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge:MA},
  YEAR = {1969},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{minton:aaai88,
  TITLE = {Quantitative Results Concerning the Utility of
                 Explanation-based Learning},
  AUTHOR = {S. Minton},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-88)},
  ADDRESS = {St. Paul, MN},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {564--569},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {ebl utility}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{minton:aaai94,
  AUTHOR = {Steven Minton},
  TITLE = {Small is Beautiful: {A} Brute-Force Approach to
                 Learning First-Order Formulas},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1994},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, Washington},
  PAGES = {168--174}
}


@ARTICLE{minton:ai89,
  TITLE = {Explanation-Based Learning: {A} Problem Solving
                 Perspective},
  AUTHOR = {S. Minton},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {40},
  PAGES = {63--118},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {Prodigy}
}


@ARTICLE{minton:ai90,
  AUTHOR = {Steven Minton},
  TITLE = {Quantitative Results Concerning the Utility of
                 Explanation-Based Learning},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1990},
  VOLUME = {42},
  PAGES = {363--392}
}


@ARTICLE{minton:ai92,
  AUTHOR = {Steven Minton},
  TITLE = {Minimizing Conflicts: {A} Heuristic Repair Method for
                 Constraint Satisfaction and Scheduling Problems},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1992},
  VOLUME = {58},
  PAGES = {161--206}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{minton:ijcai91,
  AUTHOR = {Steven Minton and John L. Bresina and Mark Drummond},
  TITLE = {Commitment Strategies in Planning: {A} Comparative
                 Analysis},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-91)},
  MONTH = OCT,
  YEAR = {1991},
  ADDRESS = {Sydney,Australia},
  PAGES = {259--265}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{minton:ijcai93,
  AUTHOR = {Steven Minton},
  TITLE = {An Analytic Learning System for Specializing
                 Heuristics},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-93)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1993},
  ADDRESS = {Chambery,France},
  PAGES = {922--929}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{minton:kr92,
  AUTHOR = {Steven Minton and Mark Drummond and John L. Bresina
                 and Andrew B. Phillips},
  TITLE = {Total Order vs. Partial Order Planning: Factors
                 Influencing Performance},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
                 Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  MONTH = OCT,
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge,CA},
  PAGES = {83--92}
}


@PHDTHESIS{minton:thesis88,
  TITLE = {Learning Effective Search Control Knowledge: An
                 Explanantion-Based Approach},
  AUTHOR = {S. N. Minton},
  SCHOOL = {Carnegie-Mellon University},
  ADDRESS = {Pittsburgh, PA},
  MONTH = MAR,
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {minton phd}
}


@BOOK{mirchandani:book90,
  EDITOR = {P. Mirchandani and R. Francis},
  TITLE = {Discrete Location Theory},
  PUBLISHER = {Wiley, New York, NY},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mishra:colt03,
  AUTHOR = {Nina Mishra and Dana Ron and Ram Swaminathan},
  TITLE = {On Finding Large Conjunctive Clusters},
  BOOKTITLE = {Computational Learning Theory},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@ARTICLE{mitchell:ai82,
  TITLE = {Generalization as Search},
  AUTHOR = {T. M. Mitchell},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {203--226},
  YEAR = {1982},
  KEY = {sbl}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mitchell:bkchapter83,
  TITLE = {Learning Problem Solving Heuristics by
                 Experimentation},
  AUTHOR = {Tom Mitchell and T. Utgoff and R. Banerji},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence
                 Approach},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {Palo Alto, CA},
  YEAR = {1983},
  EDITOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski and Tom M. Mitchell and Jaime G.
                 Carbonell},
  KEY = {lex}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mitchell:bkchapter84,
  TITLE = {Toward Combining Empirical and Analytic Methods for
                 Learning Heuristics},
  AUTHOR = {T. M. Mitchell},
  BOOKTITLE = {Human and Artificial Intelligence},
  EDITOR = {A. Elithorn and R. Banerji},
  PUBLISHER = {North-Holland},
  ADDRESS = {Amsterdam},
  YEAR = {1984},
  KEY = {ebl}
}


@BOOK{mitchell:book97,
  AUTHOR = {T. Mitchell},
  TITLE = {Machine Learning},
  PUBLISHER = {McGraw-Hill},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@ARTICLE{mitchell:cacm94,
  TITLE = {Experience With a Learning Personal Assistant},
  AUTHOR = {T.M. Mitchell and R. Caruana and D. Freitag and J. McDermott and D. Zabowski},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = 37,
  NUMBER = 7,
  PAGES = {81--91},
  MONTH = {July},
  YEAR = 1994,
  KEY = {calendar apprentice}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mitchell:iccs99,
  AUTHOR = {Tom Mitchell},
  TITLE = {The role of unlabeled data in supervised learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth
                   International Colloquium on Cognitive Science},
  YEAR = 1999
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mitchell:ijcai83,
  AUTHOR = {T. Mitchell},
  TITLE = {Learning and Problem Solving},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-83)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1983},
  PAGES = {1139--1151},
  ADDRESS = {Karlsruhe, West Germany}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mitchell:ijcai85,
  TITLE = {{LEAP}: {A} Learning Apprentice for {VLSI} Design},
  AUTHOR = {T. M. Mitchell and S. Mahadevan and L. I. Steinberg},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-85)},
  PAGES = {573--580},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1985},
  ADDRESS = {Los Angeles, CA},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{mitchell:mlj86,
  AUTHOR = {Tom M. Mitchell and Richard M. Keller and Smadar T.
                 Kedar-Cabelli},
  TITLE = {Ex\-pla\-na\-tion-Based Generalization: {A} Unifying
                 View},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  YEAR = {1986},
  VOLUME = {1},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {47--80}
}


@PHDTHESIS{mitchell:thesis78,
  TITLE = {Version Spaces: An Approach to Concept Learning},
  AUTHOR = {T. M. Mitchell},
  NUMBER = {TR STAN-C\&S-78-711},
  SCHOOL = {Stanford University},
  ADDRESS = {Palo Alto, CA},
  YEAR = {1978},
  KEY = {version phd}
}


@TECHREPORT{mitchell:tr80,
  TITLE = {The Need for Biases in Learning Generalizations},
  AUTHOR = {T. Mitchell},
  INSTITUTION = {Rutgers University},
  NUMBER = {CBM-TR-117},
  YEAR = {1980},
  NOTE = {Reprinted in {\it Readings in Machine Learning}, Jude
                 W. Shavlik and T. G. Dietterich (eds.), Morgan Kaufman,
                 San Mateo, CA, 1990.}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mitra:riao97,
  AUTHOR = {M. Mitra and C. Buckley and C. Cardie and A. Singhal},
  TITLE = {An Analysis of Statistical and Syntactic Phrases},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 5th RIAO Conference,
                 Computer-Assisted Information Searching on the
                 Internet},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PAGES = {200--214},
  KEY = {IR EMNLP}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{mladenic:kdd00-wkshp,
  EDITOR = {Dunja Mladeni\'{c}},
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2000) Workshop on Text Mining},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@PHDTHESIS{mladenic:phd-thesis98,
  AUTHOR = {Dunja Mladeni\'{c}},
  TITLE = {Machine Learning on Non-Homogeneous, Distributed Text
                 Data},
  SCHOOL = {Faculty of Computer and Information Science,
                 University of Ljubljana},
  ADDRESS = {Ljubljana, Slovenia},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mmt:nsfw02,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and Prem Melville and Lappoon Rupert Tang and Jude Shavlik and Ines de Castro Dutra and David Page and Vitor Santos Costa},
  TITLE = {Relational Data Mining with Inductive Logic Programming for Link Discovery},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the National Science Foundation Workshop on Next Generation Data Mining},
  PUBLISHER = {},
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = 2002
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{monge:dmkd97,
  TITLE = {An efficient domain-independent algorithm for
                 detecting approximately duplicate database records},
  AUTHOR = {Alvaro E. Monge and Charles P. Elkan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the SIGMOD 1997 Workshop on Research
                 Issues on Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery},
  YEAR = {1997},
  MONTH = MAY,
  ADDRESS = {Tuscon, AZ},
  PAGES = {23--29},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{monge:kdd96,
  AUTHOR = {Alvaro E. Monge and Charles Elkan},
  TITLE = {The Field Matching Problem: {A}lgorithms and
                 Applications},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
                 Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-96)},
  PAGES = {267--270},
  ADDRESS = {Portland, OR},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {String comparison, Information integration}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{monge:submitted00,
  AUTHOR = {Alvaro E. Monge},
  TITLE = {An adaptive and efficient algorithm for detecting
                 approximately duplicate database records},
  YEAR = {2000},
  NOTE = {Submitted paper}
}


@BOOK{moody:book88,
  TITLE = {Moody's Handbook of Common Stocks},
  AUTHOR = {Moody},
  PUBLISHER = {Moody's Investment Service},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  YEAR = {1986-1988},
  KEY = {Moody}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:aaai86,
  TITLE = {A Domain Independent Explanation-Based Generalizer},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and S. W. Bennett},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-86)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1986},
  ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, PA},
  PAGES = {551--555},
  KEY = {EGGS EBL}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mooney:bkchapter00,
  TITLE = {Integrating Abduction and Induction in Machine
                 Learning},
  AUTHOR = {R. J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Abduction and Induction},
  EDITOR = {P. A. Flach and A. C. Kakas},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  ADDRESS = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands},
  PAGES = {181--191},
  YEAR = {2000},
  KEY = {abind}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mooney:bkchapter86,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Generalizing Explanations of Narratives into
                 Schemata},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning: A Guide to Current Research},
  EDITOR = {Tom M. Mitchell and Jaime G. Carbonell and Ryszard S.
                 Michalski},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  PAGES = {207--212},
  ADDRESS = {Norwell, MA},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {GENESIS EBL}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mooney:bkchapter91,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Explanation-Based Learning as Concept Formation},
  BOOKTITLE = {Concept Formation: Knowledge and Experience in
                 Unsupervised Learning},
  EDITOR = {Douglas Fisher and Michael Pazzani and Pat Langley},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  PAGES = {179--206},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {EBL}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mooney:bkchapter93a,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Integrating Theory and Data in Category Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Categorization by Humans and Machines: The Psychology
                 of Learning and Motivation, Vol. 29},
  EDITOR = {G. Nakamura and R. Taraban and D. L. Medin},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  ADDRESS = {Orlando, FL},
  PAGES = {189--218},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {IOU EITHER}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mooney:bkchapter93b,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Explanation Generalization in {EGGS}},
  BOOKTITLE = {Investigating Explanation-Based Learning},
  EDITOR = {Gerald F. DeJong},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  PAGES = {20--59},
  ADDRESS = {Norwell, MA},
  YEAR = {1993},
  NOTE = {Reprinted in in {\it Readings in Knowledge Acquisition
                 and Learning}, Bruce G. Buchanan and David C. Wilkins
                 (eds.), Morgan Kaufman, San Mateo, CA, 1993.},
  KEY = {EBL}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mooney:bkchapter93c,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Case Study 2 -- {GENESIS}: Learning Schemata for
                 Narrative Text Understanding},
  BOOKTITLE = {Investigating Explanation-Based Learning},
  EDITOR = {Gerald F. DeJong},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  PAGES = {343--371},
  ADDRESS = {Norwell, MA},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {EBL}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mooney:bkchapter94a,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and Dirk Ourston},
  TITLE = {A Multistrategy Approach to Theory Refinement},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning: A Multistrategy Approach, Vol. IV},
  EDITOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski and G. Teccuci},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  PAGES = {141--164},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {EITHER}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mooney:bkchapter95,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {A Preliminary {PAC} Analysis of Theory Revision},
  BOOKTITLE = {Computational Learning Theory and Natural Learning
                 Systems, Vol. 3},
  EDITOR = {T. Petsche and S. Hanson and Jude W. Shavlik},
  PAGES = {43--53},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1995},
  KEY = {theory refinement}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mooney:bkchapter96,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and M. E. Califf},
  TITLE = {Learning the Past Tense of English Verbs Using
                 Inductive Logic Programming},
  BOOKTITLE = {Connectionist, Statistical, and Symbolic Approaches to
                 Learning for Natural Language Processing},
  EDITOR = {{S. Wermter, E. Riloff} and G. Scheler},
  PAGES = {370--384},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {ilp nla}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mooney:bkchapter97,
  TITLE = {Inductive Logic Programming for Natural Language
                 Processing},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Inductive Logic Programming: Selected papers from the
                 6th International Workshop},
  EDITOR = {Stephen Muggleton},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  PAGES = {3--22},
  YEAR = {1997},
  KEY = {ILP, emnlp, CHILL}
}


@BOOK{mooney:book90,
  TITLE = {A General Explanation-Based Learning Mechanism and its
                 Application to Narrative Understanding},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  PUBLISHER = {Pitman Publishers},
  ADDRESS = {London},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {GENESIS, EBL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:cogsci87,
  TITLE = {Integrated Learning of Words and their Underlying
                 Concepts},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference of the
                 Cognitive Science Society},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {947--978},
  KEY = {GENESIS},
  YEAR = {1987}
}


@ARTICLE{mooney:cogscij90,
  TITLE = {Learning Plan Schemata From Observation:
                 Explanation-Based Learning for Plan Recognition},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  VOLUME = {14},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {483--509},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {GENESIS, EBL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:dl00,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and L. Roy},
  TITLE = {Content-Based Book Recommending Using Learning for
                 Text Categorization},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth ACM Conference on Digital
                 Libraries},
  ADDRESS = {San Antonio, TX},
  PAGES = {195--204},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:emnlp96,
  TITLE = {Comparative Experiments on Disambiguating Word Senses:
                 An Illustration of the Role of Bias in Machine
                 Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in
                 Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PAGES = {82--91},
  ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, PA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:ijcai85,
  TITLE = {Learning Schemata for Natural Language Processing},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and Gerald F. DeJong},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-85)},
  ADDRESS = {Los Angeles, CA},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {681--687},
  YEAR = {1985},
  KEY = {GENESIS esa AIRG WP 67}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:ijcai89,
  TITLE = {The Effect of Rule Use on the Utility of
                 Explanation-Based Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {725--730},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {EGGS EBL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:ijcai89a,
  TITLE = {An Experimental Comparison of Symbolic and
                 Connectionist Learning Algorithms},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and Jude W. Shavlik and Geoffrey G.
                 Towell and A. Gove},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {775--780},
  YEAR = {1989},
  NOTE = {Reprinted in {\it Readings in Machine Learning}, Jude
                 W. Shavlik and T. G. Dietterich (eds.), Morgan Kaufman,
                 San Mateo, CA, 1990.},
  KEY = {ID3 backprop perceptron}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:ijcai97,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Integrating Abduction and Induction in Machine
                 Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Working Notes of the IJCAI-97 Workshop on Abduction
                 and Induction in AI},
  ADDRESS = {Nagoya, Japan},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PAGES = {37--42}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:ilp92,
  TITLE = {Automated Debugging of Logic Programs via Theory
                 Revision},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and Bradley L. Richards},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on
                 Inductive Logic Programming (ILP-92)},
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {Tokyo, Japan},
  KEY = {FORTE}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:ilp96,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Inductive Logic Programming for Natural-Language
                 Processing},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Inductive Logic Programming (ILP-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PAGES = {205--224}
}


@ARTICLE{mooney:jair95,
  TITLE = {Induction of First-Order Decision Lists: Results on
                 Learning the Past Tense of {English} Verbs},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and M. E. Califf},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {3},
  PAGES = {1--24},
  YEAR = {1995},
  KEY = {FOIDL, ILP}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:lll99,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Learning for Semantic Interpretation: Scaling Up
                 Without Dumbing Down},
  BOOKTITLE = {Workshop Notes for the Workshop on Learning Language
                 in Logic},
  YEAR = {1999},
  PAGES = {7--15},
  ADDRESS = {Bled, Slovenia}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:ml89,
  TITLE = {Induction Over the Unexplained: Integrated Learning of
                 Concepts with Both Explainable and Conventional
                 Aspects},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and Dirk Ourston},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {5--7},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Ithaca, NY},
  KEY = {iou}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:ml91,
  TITLE = {Constructive Induction in Theory Refinement},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and Dirk Ourston},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {178--182},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {EITHER}
}


@ARTICLE{mooney:mlj93,
  TITLE = {Induction Over the Unexplained: Using Overly General
                 Domain Theories to Aid Concept Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {10},
  PAGES = {79--110},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {IOU}
}


@ARTICLE{mooney:mlj95,
  TITLE = {Encouraging Experimental Results on Learning {CNF}},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {19},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {79--92},
  YEAR = {1995},
  KEY = {rule induction}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:msl91,
  TITLE = {A Multistrategy Approach to Theory Refinement},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and Dirk Ourston},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on
                 Multistrategy Learning},
  PAGES = {115--130},
  MONTH = NOV,
  ADDRESS = {Harper's Ferry, W.Va.},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {EITHER}
}


@ARTICLE{mooney:nnr90,
  TITLE = {A Review of 'An Empirical Comparison of {ID3} and
                 Backpropagation' by Fisher and McKusick},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  JOURNAL = {Neural Network Review},
  VOLUME = {4},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {84--86},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:rec-wkshp98,
  TITLE = {Book Recommending Using Text Categorization with
                 Extracted Information},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and P. Bennett and L. Roy},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the AAAI-98 Workshop on
                 Recommender Systems},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {70--74},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI}
}


@ARTICLE{mooney:sigart94,
  TITLE = {Integrating {ILP} and {EBL}},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and J. M. Zelle},
  JOURNAL = {Sigart Bulletin (special issue on Inductive Logic
                 Programmming)},
  VOLUME = {5},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {12--21},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:sigir-rec99,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and L. Roy},
  TITLE = {Content-Based Book Recommending Using Learning for
                 Text Categorization},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the SIGIR-99 Workshop on Recommender
                 Systems: Algorithms and Evaluation},
  YEAR = {1999},
  PAGES = {},
  ADDRESS = {Bekeley, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mooney:textcat-wkshp98,
  TITLE = {Book Recommending Using Text Categorization with
                 Extracted Information},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and P. Bennett and L. Roy},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the AAAI-98 Workshop on Text
                 Categorization},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {49--54},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI}
}


@PHDTHESIS{mooney:thesis88,
  TITLE = {A General Explanation-Based Learning Mechanism and its
                 Application to Narrative Understanding},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {University of Illinois},
  INSTITUTION = {Department of Computer Science},
  ADDRESS = {Urbana, IL},
  YEAR = {1988},
  MONTH = JAN,
  NOTE = {Also appears as Technical Report UILU-ENG-87-2269,
                 Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois
                 at Urbana-Champaign.},
  KEY = {ebl phd thesis}
}


@TECHREPORT{mooney:tr89,
  TITLE = {Induction Over the Unexplained: {A} New Approach to
                 Combining Empirical and Explanation-Based Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and Dirk Ourston and S. Y. Wu},
  NUMBER = {AI89-110},
  INSTITUTION = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of
                 Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {IOU EBL/SBL}
}


@TECHREPORT{mooney:tr91,
  TITLE = {Theory Refinement with Noisy Data},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond J. Mooney and Dirk Ourston},
  NUMBER = {AI91-153},
  INSTITUTION = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of
                 Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  MONTH = MAR,
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {EITHER}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{moore:arpa94,
  AUTHOR = {R. Moore and M. Cohen and V. Abrash and D. Appelt and
                 H. Bratt and J. Butzberger and L. Cherny and J. Dowding
                 and H. Franco and J. Gawron and D. Moran},
  TITLE = {{SRI}'s recent progress on the {ATIS} task},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings {ARPA} spoken language systems technology
                 workshop},
  YEAR = {1994},
  PAGES = {6--8},
  PLACE = {Princeton, NJ}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{moore:its97,
  AUTHOR = {Jerome Moore and Eui-Hong (Sam) Han and Daniel Boley
                 and Maria Gini and Robert Gross and Kyle Hastings and
                 George Karypis and Vipin Kumar and and Bamshard
                 Mobasher},
  TITLE = {Web page categorization and feature selection using
                 association rule and principal component clustering},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Information
                 Technologies and Systems},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@ARTICLE{mostafa:nc95,
  AUTHOR = {Abu-Mostafa, Y.S.},
  TITLE = {Hints},
  JOURNAL = {Neural Computation},
  VOLUME = {7},
  PAGES = {639-671},
  YEAR = 1995,
  MONTH = {}
}


@BOOK{motwani:book95,
  AUTHOR = {R. Motwani and P. Raghavan},
  TITLE = {Randomized Algorithms},
  PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@INCOLLECTION{mozer:nips89,
  TITLE = {Skeletonization: {A} Technique for Trimming the Fat
                 from a Network via Relevance Assessment},
  EDITOR = {David S. Touretzky},
  BOOKTITLE = {{Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
                 1}},
  AUTHOR = {Michael C. Mozer and Paul Smolensky},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  PAGES = {107--115},
  YEAR = {1989}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{muc:muc91,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Third Message Understanding
                 Evaluation and Conference ({MUC}-91)},
  EDITOR = {DARPA},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{muc:muc92,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth Message Understanding
                 Evaluation and Conference ({MUC}-92)},
  EDITOR = {DARPA},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{muc:muc93,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth Message Understanding
                 Evaluation and Conference ({MUC}-93)},
  EDITOR = {DARPA},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{muc:muc95,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth Message Understanding
                 Evaluation and Conference ({MUC}-95)},
  EDITOR = {DARPA},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{muc:muc98,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh Message Understanding
                 Evaluation and Conference ({MUC}-98)},
  EDITOR = {DARPA},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {Fairfax, VA},
  MONTH = APR,
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@ARTICLE{muggleton:ai96,
  AUTHOR = {A. Srinivasan and Stephen H. Muggleton and M. J.
                 Sternberg and R. D. King},
  TITLE = {Theories for Mutagenicity: {A} Study in First-Order
                 and Feature-Based Induction},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1996},
  VOLUME = {85},
  PAGES = {277--300},
  KEY = {ILP, Progol}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{muggleton:alt90,
  TITLE = {Efficient Induction of Logic Programs},
  AUTHOR = {Stephen Muggleton and C. Feng},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First Conference on Algorithmic
                 Learning Theory},
  YEAR = {1990},
  PUBLISHER = {Ohmsha},
  ADDRESS = {Tokyo, Japan},
  KEY = {GOLEM}
}


@INCOLLECTION{muggleton:bkchapter92,
  AUTHOR = {Stephen Muggleton and C. Feng},
  TITLE = {Efficient Induction of Logic Programs},
  BOOKTITLE = {Inductive Logic Programming},
  EDITOR = {Stephen Muggleton},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  PAGES = {281--297},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {GOLEM}
}


@BOOK{muggleton:book92,
  TITLE = {Inductive Logic Programming},
  EDITOR = {Stephen H. Muggleton},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {ILP}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{muggleton:icml92,
  AUTHOR = {Muggleton, S. and Srinivasan, A. and Bain, M.},
  TITLE = {Compression, significance and accuracy},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Machine Learning},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  EDITOR = {Sleeman, D. and Edwards, P.},
  PAGES = {338-347},
  YEAR = {1992},
  URL = {citeseer.nj.nec.com/muggleton92compression.html}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{muggleton:ijcai87,
  TITLE = {{DUCE}, an Oracle Based Approach to Constructive
                 Induction},
  AUTHOR = {Stephen Muggleton},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-87)},
  PAGES = {287--292},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1987},
  ADDRESS = {Milan, Italy},
  KEY = {inverse resolution}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{muggleton:ilp92,
  TITLE = {Inverting Implication},
  AUTHOR = {Stephen Muggleton},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on
                 Inductive Logic Programming (ILP-92)},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Tokyo, Japan},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{muggleton:jlp94,
  TITLE = {Inductive Logic Programming: Theory and Methods},
  AUTHOR = {Stephen H. Muggleton and Luc De Raedt},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  VOLUME = {19},
  PAGES = {629--679},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INCOLLECTION{muggleton:mitecs99,
  AUTHOR = {S. Muggleton},
  TITLE = {Inductive {L}ogic {P}rogramming},
  BOOKTITLE = {The {MIT} Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences ({MITECS})},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1999},
  URL = {citeseer.nj.nec.com/muggleton92inductive.html}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{muggleton:ml88,
  TITLE = {Machine Invention of First-order Predicates by
                 Inverting Resolution},
  AUTHOR = {Stephen Muggleton and W. Buntine},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-88)},
  PAGES = {339--352},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1988},
  ADDRESS = {Ann Arbor, MI},
  KEY = {inverting resolution}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{muggleton:ml92,
  AUTHOR = {Stephen H. Muggleton and A. Srinivasan and M. E.
                 Bain},
  TITLE = {Compression, significance and accuracy},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning},
  YEAR = {1992},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@ARTICLE{muggleton:ngcj95,
  AUTHOR = {Stephen Muggleton},
  TITLE = {Inverse Entailment and {Progol}},
  JOURNAL = {New Generation Computing Journal},
  YEAR = {1995},
  VOLUME = {13},
  PAGES = {245--286}
}


@ARTICLE{muggleton:protein92,
  TITLE = {Protein secondary structure prediction using
                 logic-based machine learning},
  AUTHOR = {Stephen Muggleton and R. King and M. Sternberg},
  JOURNAL = {Protein Engineering},
  VOLUME = {5},
  NUMBER = {7},
  PAGES = {647--657},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{muller:book88,
  TITLE = {Nemesis: The Death Star},
  AUTHOR = {R. Muller},
  PUBLISHER = {Weidenfeld and Nicolson},
  ADDRESS = {New York, New York},
  YEAR = {1988}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{muresan:lrec02,
  AUTHOR = {Smaranda Muresan and Judith L. Klavans},
  TITLE = {A Method for Automatically Building and Evaluating Dictionary 
                  Resources},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on
                 Language Resources \& Evaluation (LREC-2002)},
  ADDRESS = {Las Palmas, Spain},
  MONTH = MAY,
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@ARTICLE{murphy:cbi91,
  TITLE = {Computer-Based Adaptive Instruction: {E}ffects of
                 Learner Control on Concept Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Marilyn A. Murphy and Gayle V. Davidson},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Computer-Based Instruction},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {51--56},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {edu concept}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{murphy:ml91,
  TITLE = {{ID2-of-3}: Constructive Induction of 
                  {M}-of-{N} Concepts for Discriminators in Decision Trees},
  AUTHOR = {P. M. Murphy and Michael J. Pazzani},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {183--187},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{murphy:psyrev85,
  AUTHOR = {G. L. Murphy and D. L. Medin},
  TITLE = {The role of theories in conceptual coherence},
  JOURNAL = {Psychological Review},
  YEAR = {1985},
  VOLUME = {92},
  PAGES = {289--316}
}


@BOOK{murray:book88,
  TITLE = {Automatic Program Debugging for Intelligent Tutoring
                 Systems},
  AUTHOR = {W. R. Murray},
  PUBLISHER = {Pitman Publishing},
  ADDRESS = {London},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {TALUS}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{murray:ml89,
  TITLE = {Controlling Search for the Consequences of New
                 Information During Knowledge Integration},
  AUTHOR = {K. S. Murray and B. W. Porter},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {290--295},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Ithaca, NY},
  KEY = {KI}
}


@TECHREPORT{murray:tr88,
  TITLE = {{KI}: An Experiment in Automating Knowledge
                 Integration},
  AUTHOR = {K. S. Murray},
  NUMBER = {AI88-90},
  INSTITUTION = {University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  MONTH = OCT,
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {ki}
}


@PHDTHESIS{musick:phd94,
  AUTHOR = {Ronald C. Musick},
  TITLE = {Belief Network Induction},
  SCHOOL = {University of California at Berkeley},
  YEAR = {1994},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{muslea:aaai00,
  TITLE = {Selective Sampling with Redundant Views},
  AUTHOR = {I. Muslea and S. Minton and C. A. Knoblock},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-2000)},
  PAGES = {621--626},
  KEY = {active learning, IE},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{muslea:agent99,
  AUTHOR = {Ion Muslea and Steven Minton and Craig A. Knoblock},
  TITLE = {A Hierarchical Approach to Wrapper Induction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference on Autonomous Agents},
  PAGES = {190--197},
  ADDRESS = {Seatttle, WA},
  PUBLISHER = {ACM},
  MONTH = MAY,
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{muslea:conald98,
  AUTHOR = {Ion Muslea and Steve Minton and Craig Knoblock},
  TITLE = {Wrapper induction for semistructured, Web-based
                 information sources},
  BOOKTITLE = {The Proceedings of the Conference on Automatic
                 Learning and Discovery (CONALD-98)},
  ADDRESS = {Pittsburgh, PA},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{muslea:icml02,
  AUTHOR = {Ion Muslea},
  TITLE = {Active + Semi-Supervised Learning = Robust Multi-View Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML 2002)},
  PAGES = {435-442},
  YEAR = 2002
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{muslea:ml-ie-wkshp99,
  AUTHOR = {Ion Muslea},
  TITLE = {Extraction Patterns for Information Extraction Tasks:
                 {A} Survey},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the Sixteenth National Conference
                 on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99) Workshop on
                 Machine Learning for Information Extraction},
  EDITOR = {Mary Elaine Califf},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press},
  ADDRESS = {Orlando, FL},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{muslea:tcbs-wkshp01,
  TITLE = {Selective Sampling + Semi-supervised Learning = Robost
                 Multi-View Learning},
  AUTHOR = {I. Muslea and S. Minton and C. A. Knoblock},
  BOOKTITLE = {IJCAI-01 Workshop on Text-Categorization: Beyond
                 Supervision},
  KEY = {semi-supervised co-training active-learning},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@PHDTHESIS{muslea:thesis02,
  TITLE = {Active learning with multiple views},
  AUTHOR = {Ion Muslea},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {University of Southern California},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{muslea:tl-ijcai01,
  AUTHOR = {Ion Muslea and Steve Minton and Craig Knoblock},
  TITLE = {Selective Sampling + Semi-supervised Learning =
                  Robust Multi-View Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of IJCAI-2001 Workshop on Text Learning Beyond Supervision},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{mussman:aitools90,
  AUTHOR = {S. A. Mussman and C. W. Chang and L. Booker},
  TITLE = {Real Time Control Strategy for {Bayesian} Belief
                 Networks with Application to Ship Classification
                 Problem Solving},
  PAGES = {738--744},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Tools for Artificial
                 Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1990},
  PUBLISHER = {IEEE Society Press}
}


@ARTICLE{mybreiman:mlj96,
  TITLE = {Bagging Predictors},
  AUTHOR = {L. Breiman},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = 24,
  NUMBER = 2,
  PAGES = {123--140},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{nahm:aaai00,
  AUTHOR = {Un Yong Nahm and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {A Mutually Beneficial Integration of Data Mining and
                 Information Extraction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-2000)},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  PAGES = {627--632},
  YEAR = {2000},
  MONTH = JUL,
  KEY = {DiscoTEX, KDD, IE}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{nahm:cikm02,
  AUTHOR = {Un Yong Nahm and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Mining Soft-Matching Association Rules},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on 
                  Information  and Knowledge Management (CIKM-2002)},
  ADDRESS = {McLean, VA},
  PAGES = {681--683},
  YEAR = {2002},
  MONTH = NOV,
  KEY = {DiscoTEX, KDD, IE, SoftApriori}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{nahm:icml-wkshp02,
  AUTHOR = {Un Yong Nahm and Mikhail Bilenko and Raymond J.
                 Mooney},
  TITLE = {Two Approaches to Handling Noisy Variation in Text
                 Mining},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the Nineteenth International
                 Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-2002) Workshop on
                 Text Learning},
  ADDRESS = {Sydney, Australia},
  PAGES = {18--27},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{nahm:ijcai01,
  AUTHOR = {Un Yong Nahm and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Mining Soft-Matching Rules from Textual Data},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-2001)},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  PAGES = {979--984},
  YEAR = {2001},
  MONTH = JUL,
  KEY = {DiscoTEX, KDD, IE}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{nahm:kdd00-wkshp,
  AUTHOR = {Un Yong Nahm and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Using Information Extraction to Aid the Discovery of
                 Prediction Rules from Texts},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2000) Workshop on Text Mining},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA},
  YEAR = {2000},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {51--58},
  KEY = {DiscoTEX, KDD, IE, text mining}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{nahm:ss02,
  AUTHOR = {Un Yong Nahm and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Text Mining with Information Extraction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the AAAI 2002 Spring Symposium on Mining Answers from Texts and Knowledge Bases},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA},
  YEAR = {2002},
  KEY = {DiscoTEX, KDD, IE}
}


@ARTICLE{nakagawa:jlp85,
  TITLE = {{P}rolog Program Transformations and Tree Manipulation
                 Algorithms},
  AUTHOR = {Hiroshi Nakagawa},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Logic Programming},
  VOLUME = {2},
  PAGES = {77--91},
  YEAR = {1985},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{nanny:childdev98,
  AUTHOR = {L. L. Nanny and S. R. Waxman},
  TITLE = {Words and gestures: Infants' interpretations of
                 different forms of symbolic reference},
  JOURNAL = {Child Development},
  VOLUME = {69},
  PAGES = {295--308},
  YEAR = {1998},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{neal:ai92,
  AUTHOR = {R. M. Neal},
  TITLE = {Connectionist Learning of Belief Networks},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1992},
  VOLUME = {56},
  PAGES = {71--113}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{neal:book98,
  AUTHOR = {R. M. Neal and G. E. Hinton},
  TITLE = {A View of the {EM} algorithm that justifies incremental, sparse, and other variants},
  EDITOR = {M. I. Jordan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Learning in Graphical Models},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {355-368}
}


@ARTICLE{needleman:jmb70,
  AUTHOR = {S. B. Needleman and C. D. Wunsch},
  TITLE = {A general method applicable to the search for
                 similarities in the amino acid sequences of two
                 proteins},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Molecular Biology},
  VOLUME = {48},
  PAGES = {443--453},
  YEAR = {1970}
}


@ARTICLE{nenov:connsc94,
  TITLE = {Perceptually Grounded Language Learning: Part
                 2--{DETE}: {A} Neural/Procedural Model},
  AUTHOR = {Valeriy I. Nenov and Michael G. Dyer},
  JOURNAL = {Connection Science},
  VOLUME = {6},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {3--41},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {ann nla}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{neville:ijcai03-wkshp,
  AUTHOR = {J. Neville and M. Adler and D. Jensen},
  TITLE = {Clustering relational data using attribute and link
                  information},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the IJCAI-2003 Text Mining and Link
                  Analysis Workshop},
  YEAR = 2003
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{neville:lsmrd00,
  TITLE = {Iterative Classification in Relational Data},
  AUTHOR = {Jennifer Neville and David Jensen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the AAAI-00 Workshop on Learning
                 Statistical Models from Relational Data},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press / The MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@ARTICLE{newcombe:science59,
  AUTHOR = {H. B. Newcombe and J. M. Kennedy and S. J. Axford and
                 A. P. James},
  TITLE = {Automatic Linkage of Vital Records},
  JOURNAL = {Science},
  VOLUME = {130},
  YEAR = {1959},
  PAGES = {954--959},
  KEY = {record linkage, original source}
}


@INCOLLECTION{newport:bkchapter81,
  TITLE = {Constraints on structure: Evidence from {American Sign
                 Language} and language learning},
  AUTHOR = {Elissa L. Newport},
  BOOKTITLE = {Aspects of the Development of Competence},
  EDITOR = {W. A. Collins},
  PUBLISHER = {Erlbaum},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {1981},
  KEY = {}
}


@INCOLLECTION{newport:bkchapter85,
  TITLE = {The acquisition of {American Sign Language}},
  AUTHOR = {Elissa L. Newport and Richard P. Meier},
  BOOKTITLE = {The Crosslinguistic Study of Language Acquisition.
                 Volume 1: The Data},
  EDITOR = {Dan I. Slobin},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  PAGES = {881--938},
  YEAR = {1985},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ng:aa90,
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {The Role of Coherence in Constructing and Evaluating
                 Abductive Explanations},
  BOOKTITLE = {Working Notes of the AAAI Spring Symposium on
                 Automated Abduction},
  MONTH = MAR,
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ng:aaai90,
  TITLE = {The Role of Coherence in Abductive Explanation},
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng and Raymond J. Mooney},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90)},
  YEAR = {1990},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {337--442},
  KEY = {ACCEL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ng:aaai91,
  TITLE = {An Efficient First-Order {Horn}-Clause Abduction
                 System Based on the {ATMS}},
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-91)},
  PAGES = {494--499},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1991},
  ADDRESS = {Anaheim, CA},
  KEY = {atms}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ng:acl96,
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng and H. B. Lee},
  TITLE = {Integrating Multiple Knowledge Sources to Disambiguate
                 Word Sense: An Exemplar-Based Approach},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PAGES = {40--47},
  ADDRESS = {Santa Cruz, CA}
}


@ARTICLE{ng:aimag97,
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng and J. Zelle},
  TITLE = {Corpus-Based Approaches to Semantic Interpretation in
                 Natural Language Processing},
  JOURNAL = {AI Magazine},
  YEAR = {1997},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {45--64}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ng:caia90,
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng},
  TITLE = {Model-Based, Multiple Fault Diagnosis of Time-Varying,
                 Continuous Physical Devices},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Conference on Artificial
                 Intelligence Applications},
  YEAR = {1990},
  PAGES = {9--15},
  ADDRESS = {Santa Barbara, CA},
  NOTE = {Reprinted in {\em Readings in Model-based Diagnosis},
                 W. Hamscher, L. Console, and J. de Kleer (eds.), Morgan
                 Kaufman, San Mateo, CA, 1992.}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ng:emnlp00,
  TITLE = {A Machine Learning Approach to Answering Questions for
                 Reading Comprehension Tests},
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng and Leong Hwee Teo and Jennifer Lai Pheng
                 Kwan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Joint SIGDAT Conference on
                 Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and
                 Very Large Corpora(EMNLP/VLC-2000)},
  PAGES = {124--132},
  ADDRESS = {Hong Kong},
  MONTH = OCT,
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@ARTICLE{ng:ieee-expert91,
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng},
  TITLE = {Model-Based, Multiple-Fault Diagnosis of Dynamic,
                 Continuous Physical Devices},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Expert},
  YEAR = {1991},
  VOLUME = {6},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {38--43}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ng:kr92,
  TITLE = {Abductive Plan Recognition and Diagnosis: {A} Comprehensive 
                  Empirical Evaluation},
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
                 Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  MONTH = OCT,
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  PAGES = {499--508}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ng:pr89,
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Occam's {R}azor Isn't Sharp Enough: The Importance of
                 Coherence in Abductive Explanation},
  BOOKTITLE = {Working Notes of the Second AAAI Workshop on Plan
                 Recognition},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, Michigan}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ng:sigir97,
  TITLE = {Feature Selection, Perceptron Learning, and a
                 Usability Case Study for Text Categorization},
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng and Wei Boon Goh and Kok Leong Low},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 20th International ACM SIGIR
                 Conference on Research and Development in Information
                 Retrieval},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PAGES = {67--73},
  ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, PA}
}


@PHDTHESIS{ng:thesis92,
  TITLE = {A General Abductive System with Applications to Plan
                 Recognition and Diagnosis},
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1992},
  MONTH = MAY,
  NOTE = {Also appears as Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
                 Technical Report AI 92-177},
  KEY = {ACCEL}
}


@TECHREPORT{ng:tr88,
  TITLE = {A Computerized Prototype Natural Language Tour Guide},
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng},
  NUMBER = {AI88-75},
  INSTITUTION = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of
                 Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  MONTH = APR,
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {}
}


@TECHREPORT{ng:tr89,
  TITLE = {Abductive Explanations for Text Understanding: Some
                 Problems and Solutions},
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng and Raymond J. Mooney},
  NUMBER = {AI89-116},
  INSTITUTION = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of
                 Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {abduce}
}


@TECHREPORT{ng:tr91,
  AUTHOR = {Hwee Tou Ng and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {An Efficient First-Order Abduction System Based on the
                 {ATMS}},
  INSTITUTION = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Department of
                 Computer Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin},
  MONTH = JAN,
  YEAR = {1991},
  TYPE = {Technical Report},
  NUMBER = {AI91-151}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{nigam:aaai98,
  TITLE = {Learning to Classify Text from Labeled and Unlabeled
                 Documents},
  AUTHOR = {Kamal Nigam and Andrew McCallum and Sebastian Thrun
                 and Tom Mitchell},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-98)},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {792--799},
  KEY = {text categorization, EM, naive bayes},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{nigam:cikm00,
  AUTHOR = {Kamal Nigam and Rayid Ghani},
  TITLE = {Analyzing the Effectiveness and Applicability of
                 Co-training},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on
                 Information and Knowledge (CIKM-2000)},
  YEAR = {2000},
  PAGES = {86--93},
  KEY = {co-training}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{nigam:ijcai-wkshp99,
  AUTHOR = {Kamal Nigam and John Lafferty and Andrew McCallum},
  TITLE = {Using Maximum Entropy for Text Classification},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the IJCAI-99 Workshop on Information Filtering},
  PAGES = {},
  ADDRESS = {Stockholm, Sweden},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@ARTICLE{nigam:mlj00,
  AUTHOR = {K. Nigam and A. K. McCallum and S. Thrun and T.
                 Mitchell},
  YEAR = {2000},
  TITLE = {Text Classification from Labeled and Unlabeled
                 Documents using {EM}},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {39},
  PAGES = {103--134},
  KEYWORDS = {semi-supervised text-cat}
}


@PHDTHESIS{nigam:thesis01,
  TITLE = {Using Unlabeled Data to Improve Text Classification},
  AUTHOR = {Kamal Nigam},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Carnegie Mellon University},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@BOOK{nilsson:book80,
  TITLE = {Principles of Artificial Intelligence},
  AUTHOR = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  PUBLISHER = {Tioga},
  ADDRESS = {Palo Alto, CA},
  YEAR = {1980},
  KEY = {logic}
}


@BOOK{nirenburg:book87,
  TITLE = {Machine Translation: Theoretical and Methodological
                 Issues},
  EDITOR = {Sergei Nirenburg},
  PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, England},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{nirenburg:mt_kb92,
  AUTHOR = {Sergei Nirenburg and Jaime Carbonell and Masaru Tomita
                 and Kenneth Goodman},
  TITLE = {Machine Translation: {A} Knowledge-Based Approach},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{NIST:ACE02,
  AUTHOR = {{National Institute} of Standards and Technology},
  TITLE = {{ACE - Automatic Content Extraction}},
  NOTE = {http://www.nist.gov/speech/tests/ace/}
}


@INCOLLECTION{noelle:book94,
  AUTHOR = {David C. Noelle and Garrison W. Cottrell},
  TITLE = {Towards Instructable Connectionist Systems},
  BOOKTITLE = {Computational Architectures Integrating Neural and
                   Symbolic Processes},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer},
  EDITOR = {R. Sun and L. Bookman},
  PAGES = {187--221},
  ADDRESS = {Dordrecht; Boston},
  YEAR = 1994
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{noordewier:nips91,
  TITLE = {Training Knowledge-Based Neural Networks to Recognize
                 Genes in {DNA} Sequences},
  AUTHOR = {Michael O. Noordewier and Geoffrey G. Towell and Jude
                 W. Shavlik},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 3},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {KBANN}
}


@ARTICLE{nordhausen:mlj93,
  AUTHOR = {Bernd Nordhausen and Pat Langley},
  TITLE = {An Integrated Framework for Empirical Discovery},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {12},
  PAGES = {17--47},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@BOOK{norvig:book92,
  AUTHOR = {Peter Norvig},
  TITLE = {Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case
                 Studies in Common Lisp},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{norvig:coling90,
  AUTHOR = {Peter Norvig and Robert Wilensky},
  TITLE = {A Critical Evaluation of Commensurable Abduction
                 Models for Semantic Interpretation},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International
                 Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Helsinki, Finland}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{norvig:ijcai83,
  AUTHOR = {Peter Norvig},
  TITLE = {Frame Activated Inferences in a Story Understanding
                 Program},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-83)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1983},
  PAGES = {624--626},
  ADDRESS = {Karlsruhe, West Germany}
}


@PHDTHESIS{norvig:thesis87,
  AUTHOR = {Peter Norvig},
  TITLE = {Unified Theory of Inference for Text Understanding},
  SCHOOL = {Computer Science Division, University of California at
                 Berkeley},
  YEAR = {1987},
  ADDRESS = {Berkeley, CA},
  NOTE = {Technical Report No. UCB/CSD 87/339}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{novick:twentewkshp95,
  AUTHOR = {David G. Novick and Brian Hansen},
  TITLE = {Mutuality strategies for reference in task-oriented
                 dialogue},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 9th Twente Workshop on Language
                 Technology},
  YEAR = {1995},
  ADDRESS = {Enschede, Netherlands}
}


@ARTICLE{nwana:umuai91,
  TITLE = {User Modelling and User Adapted Interaction in an
                 Intelligent Tutoring System},
  AUTHOR = {Hyacinth S. Nwana},
  JOURNAL = {User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  VOLUME = {1},
  PAGES = {1--32},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {FITS remediation stereotype}
}


@MISC{nytimes:99,
  AUTHOR = {{New York Times}},
  TITLE = {Doubleclick to buy retailing database keeper},
  HOWPUBLISHED = {June 5},
  YEAR = 1999
}


@INCOLLECTION{oakes:bkchapter94,
  TITLE = {Infant Causal Perception},
  AUTHOR = {Lisa M. Oakes and Leslie B. Cohen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Infancy Research},
  EDITOR = {Carolyn Rovee-Collier and Lewis P. Lipsitt},
  PUBLISHER = {Ablex},
  ADDRESS = {Norwood, NJ},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{oakes:cogdev90,
  AUTHOR = {Lisa M. Oakes and Leslie B. Cohen},
  TITLE = {Infant perception of a causal event},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Development},
  VOLUME = {5},
  PAGES = {193--207},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{ogata:nar99,
  AUTHOR = {H. Ogata and S. Goto and K. Sato and W. Fujibuchi
                  and H. Bono and M. Kanehisa},
  TITLE = {{KEGG}: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes},
  JOURNAL = {Nucleic Acids Res.},
  VOLUME = 27,
  PAGES = {29-34},
  YEAR = 1999
}


@INCOLLECTION{ohlsson:bkchapter90,
  AUTHOR = {Pat Langely and James Wogulis and Stellan Ohlsson},
  TITLE = {Rules and Principles in Cognitive Diagnosis},
  BOOKTITLE = {Diagnostic Monitoring of Skill and Knowledge
                 Acquisition},
  EDITOR = {N. Frederiksen and R. Glaser and A. Lesgold and M.
                 Shafto},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  CHAPTER = {10},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {learning models}
}


@TECHREPORT{ohlsson:tr85,
  NUMBER = {CMU-RI-TR-85-2},
  TITLE = {Identifying solution paths in cognitive diagnosis},
  AUTHOR = {Stellan Ohlsson and Pat Langley},
  INSTITUTION = {Carnegie-Mellon University},
  ADDRESS = {Pittsburgh, PA.},
  YEAR = {1985},
  KEY = {ACM original}
}


@BOOK{oneil:book88,
  TITLE = {How to Make Money in Stocks},
  AUTHOR = {William J. O'Neil},
  PUBLISHER = {McGraw-Hill},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {intro}
}


@ARTICLE{oneill:jbc89,
  TITLE = {Escherichia coli promoters},
  AUTHOR = {M. C. O'Neill and F. Chiafari},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Biological Chemistry},
  VOLUME = {264},
  PAGES = {5531--5534},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{oostdijk:book94,
  EDITOR = {Nelleke Oostdijk and Pieter {de Haan}},
  TITLE = {Corpus-based Research Into Language},
  PUBLISHER = {Rodopi},
  ADDRESS = {Amsterdam},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{opitz:aaai99,
  AUTHOR = {David Opitz},
  TITLE = {Feature Selection for Ensembles},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 16th National Conference on Artificial
                  Intelligence (AAAI)},
  PAGES = {379-384},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@ARTICLE{opitz:connsci96,
  TITLE = {Actively Searching for an Effective Neural-Network Ensemble},
  AUTHOR = {D. Opitz and J. Shavlik},
  JOURNAL = {Connection Science},
  VOLUME = 8,
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = 1996,
  KEY = {diversity}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{opitz:ijcai93,
  AUTHOR = {David W. Opitz and Jude W. Shavlik},
  TITLE = {Heuristically Expanding Knowledge-Based Neural
                 Networks},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-93)},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PAGES = {512--517},
  ADDRESS = {Chamberry, France}
}


@ARTICLE{opitz:jair97,
  AUTHOR = {D. W. Opitz and J. W. Shavlik},
  TITLE = {Connectionist Theory Refinement: Genetically Searching the Space of Network Topologies},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {6},
  PAGES = {177--209},
  YEAR = {1997},
  KEY = {theory refinement, KBANN}
}


@ARTICLE{opitz:jair99,
  AUTHOR = {David Opitz and Richard Maclin},
  TITLE = {Popular Ensemble Methods: An Empirical Study},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {11},
  PAGES = {169-198},
  YEAR = 1999
}


@ARTICLE{orlansky:mpq85,
  AUTHOR = {Michael D. Orlansky and John D. Bonvillian},
  TITLE = {Sign language acquisition: Language development in
                 children of deaf parents and implications for other
                 populations},
  JOURNAL = {Merrill-Palmer Quarterly},
  VOLUME = {31},
  PAGES = {127--143},
  YEAR = {1985},
  KEY = {}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{ororke:aa90,
  EDITOR = {Paul O'Rorke},
  TITLE = {Working Notes of the AAAI Spring Symposium on
                 Automated Abduction},
  MONTH = MAR,
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ororke:aaai83,
  AUTHOR = {Paul O'Rorke},
  TITLE = {Reasons for Beliefs in Understanding: Applications of
                 Non-monotonic Dependencies to Story Processing},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-83)},
  YEAR = {1983},
  PAGES = {306--309},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, D.C.}
}


@INCOLLECTION{ororke:bkchapter90,
  TITLE = {Theory Formation by Abduction: {A} Case Study Based on
                 the Chemical Revolution},
  AUTHOR = {Paul O'Rorke and Steven Morris and David Schulenburg},
  BOOKTITLE = {Computational Models of Scientific Discovery and
                 Theory Formation},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = {1990},
  EDITOR = {Jeff Shrager and Pat Langley},
  KEY = {chemical}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ororke:ebls88,
  AUTHOR = {Paul O'Rorke},
  TITLE = {Automated Abduction and Machine Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Working Notes of the AAAI Spring Symposium on
                 Explanation-Based Learning},
  YEAR = {1988},
  PAGES = {170--174}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ororke:ml89,
  AUTHOR = {Paul O'Rorke and Steven Morris and David Schulenburg},
  TITLE = {Theory Formation by Abduction: Initial Results of a
                 Case Study Based on the Chemical Revolution},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  YEAR = {1989}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ororke:pr88,
  AUTHOR = {Paul O'Rorke and Timothy Cain},
  TITLE = {Explanations Involving Emotions},
  BOOKTITLE = {Working Notes of the Workshop on Plan Recognition,
                 National Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1988},
  ADDRESS = {St. Paul, Minnesota}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ourston:aaai90,
  TITLE = {Changing the Rules: {A} Comprehensive Approach to
                 Theory Refinement},
  AUTHOR = {Dirk Ourston and Raymond Mooney},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90)},
  YEAR = {1990},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {815--820},
  KEY = {theory refinement}
}


@ARTICLE{ourston:ai94,
  TITLE = {Theory Refinement Combining Analytical and Empirical
                 Methods},
  AUTHOR = {Dirk Ourston and Raymond J. Mooney},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {66},
  PAGES = {311--344},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {EITHER}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ourston:ml91,
  TITLE = {Improving Shared Rules in Multiple Category Domain
                 Theories},
  AUTHOR = {Dirk Ourston and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {534--538},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {EITHER}
}


@PHDTHESIS{ourston:thesis91,
  TITLE = {Using Explanation-Based and Empirical Methods in
                 Theory Revision},
  AUTHOR = {Dirk Ourston},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1991},
  MONTH = AUG,
  NOTE = {Also appears as Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
                 Technical Report AI 91-164},
  KEY = {EITHER}
}


@TECHREPORT{ourston:tr90,
  TITLE = {Improving Shared Rules in Multiple Category Domain
                 Theories},
  AUTHOR = {Dirk Ourston and Raymond J. Mooney},
  NUMBER = {AI90-150},
  INSTITUTION = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of
                 Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  MONTH = DEC,
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {EITHER}
}


@ARTICLE{oyeleye:cec90,
  AUTHOR = {Olayiwola Oluwemimo Oyeleye and Francis Eric Finch and
                 M. A. Kramer},
  TITLE = {Qualitative Modeling and Fault Diagnosis of Dynamic
                 Processes by {Midas}},
  JOURNAL = {Chemical Engineering Communications},
  VOLUME = {96},
  PAGES = {205--228},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{padmanabhan:kdd01,
  AUTHOR = {Balaji Padmanabhan and Zhiqiang Zheng and Steven O.
                   Kimbrough},
  TITLE = {Personalization from incomplete data: what you don't
                   know can hurt.},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh ACM SIGKDD International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2001)},
  PAGES = {154-163},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{padmanabhan:kdd98,
  AUTHOR = {B. Padmanabhan and A. Tuzhilin},
  TITLE = {A Belief-Driven Method for Discovering Unexpected
                 Rules},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on
                 Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-98)},
  PAGES = {94--100},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@ARTICLE{pagallo:mlj90,
  TITLE = {Boolean Feature Discovery in Empirical Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Giulia M. Pagallo and David Haussler},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {5},
  PAGES = {71--100},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {FRINGE}
}


@PHDTHESIS{pagallo:thesis90,
  TITLE = {Adaptive Decision Tree Algorithms for Learning from
                 Examples},
  AUTHOR = {Giulia M. Pagallo},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {University of California},
  ADDRESS = {Santa Cruz, CA},
  YEAR = {1990},
  MONTH = JUN,
  KEY = {FRINGE}
}


@ARTICLE{paice:ipm90,
  TITLE = {Constructing Literature Abstracts by Computer:
                 Techniques and Prospects},
  AUTHOR = {Chris Paice},
  JOURNAL = {Information Processing and Management},
  VOLUME = {26},
  PAGES = {171--186},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{paliouras:ijcai99,
  TITLE = {Learning Rules for Large Vocabulary Word Sense
                 Disambiguation},
  AUTHOR = {Georgios Paliouras and Vangelis Karkaletsis and
                 Constantine D. Spyropoulos},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-99)},
  YEAR = {1999},
  PAGES = {674--679},
  ADDRESS = {Stockholm, Sweden},
  KEY = {C4.5 WSD}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pan:caia84,
  AUTHOR = {J. Pan},
  TITLE = {Qualitative Reasoning with deep-level mechanism models
                 for diagnoses of mechanism failures},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Conference on AI
                 Applications},
  YEAR = {1984},
  PAGES = {295--301},
  ADDRESS = {Denver, CO}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pangloss:amta94,
  AUTHOR = {Robert Frederking and {et al.}},
  TITLE = {The {{\sc Pangloss} Mark III} Machine Translation
                 System},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1st AMTA Conference},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@BOOK{pao:book89,
  TITLE = {Adaptive Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks},
  AUTHOR = {Yoh-Han Pao},
  PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley},
  ADDRESS = {Reading, MA},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {Uncertainty}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{park:psb01,
  AUTHOR = {J.C. Park and H. S. Kim and J. J. Kim},
  TITLE = {Bidirectional Incremental Parsing for Automatic Pathway Identification with Combinatory Categorial Grammar},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 6th Pacific Symposium on
                 Biocomputing},
  PAGES = {396--407},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pasula:nips03,
  AUTHOR = {Hanna Pasula and Bhaskara Marthi and Brian Milch and
                  Stuart Russell and Ilya Shpitser},
  TITLE = {Identity Uncertainty and Citation Matching},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pazzani:aaai93,
  TITLE = {Finding Accurate Frontiers: {A} Knowledge-Intensive
                 Approach to Relational Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Pazzani and Clifford Brunk},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-93)},
  PAGES = {328--334},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, D.C.},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pazzani:aaai96,
  TITLE = {{Syskill \& Webert}: Identifying Interesting Web
                 Sites},
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Pazzani and Jack Muramatsu and Daniel
                 Billsus},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96)},
  ADDRESS = {Portland, OR},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {54--61},
  KEY = {agents},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@INCOLLECTION{pazzani:bkchapter92,
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Pazzani and Clifford Brunk and Glenn
                 Silverstein},
  TITLE = {An Information-Based Approach to Integrating Empirical
                 and Explanation-Based Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Inductive Logic Programming},
  EDITOR = {Stephen Muggleton},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  PAGES = {373--394},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {FOCL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pazzani:cogsci85,
  TITLE = {Explanation and Generalization Based Memory},
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Pazzani},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference of the
                 Cognitive Science Society},
  ADDRESS = {Irvine, CA},
  PAGES = {323--328},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1985},
  KEY = {occam ebl story}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pazzani:ijcai89,
  TITLE = {Detecting and Correcting Errors of Omission After
                 Explanation-Based Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Pazzani},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  PAGES = {713--718},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  KEY = {occam omission}
}


@ARTICLE{pazzani:jep91,
  TITLE = {Influence of prior knowledge on concept acquisition:
                 Experimental and computational results},
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Pazzani},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory,
                 and Cognition},
  VOLUME = {17},
  PAGES = {416--432},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pazzani:kakbs90,
  TITLE = {Detecting and Correcting Errors in Rule-Based Expert
                 Systems: An Integration of Empirical and
                 Explanation-Based Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Pazzani and Clifford Brunk},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 5th Knowledge Acquisition for
                 Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop},
  ADDRESS = {Banff, Canada},
  MONTH = OCT,
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {KR-FOCL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pazzani:ml87,
  TITLE = {Inducing Causal and Social Theories: {A} Prerequisite
                 for Explanation-Based Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Pazzani},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Irvine, CA},
  PAGES = {230--241},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {ebl incomplete}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pazzani:ml88,
  TITLE = {Integrated Learning with Incorrect and Incomplete
                 Theories},
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Pazzani},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-88)},
  PAGES = {291--297},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1988},
  ADDRESS = {Ann Arbor, MI},
  KEY = {occam ebl/sbl}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pazzani:ml91,
  TITLE = {A Knowledge-Intensive Approach to Learning Relational
                 Concepts},
  AUTHOR = {Michael Pazzani and Clifford Brunk and Glenn
                 Silverstein},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {432--436},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {FOCL}
}


@ARTICLE{pazzani:mlj92,
  TITLE = {The Utility of Background Knowledge in Inductive
                 Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Pazzani and Dennis F. Kibler},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  YEAR = {1992},
  VOLUME = {9},
  PAGES = {57--94},
  KEY = {focl}
}


@ARTICLE{pazzani:mlj97,
  TITLE = {Learning and Revising User Profiles: The
                 Identification of Interesting Web Sites},
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Pazzani and Daniel Billsus},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {27},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {313--331},
  YEAR = {1997},
  KEY = {Syskill&Webert, theory refinement}
}


@PHDTHESIS{pazzani:thesis88,
  TITLE = {Learning Causal Relationships: An Integration of
                 Empirical and Explanation-Based Learning Methods},
  AUTHOR = {Michael J. Pazzani},
  NUMBER = {UCLA-AI-88-10},
  SCHOOL = {UCLA},
  ADDRESS = {Los Angeles, CA},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {occam phd}
}


@INCOLLECTION{pearl:bkchapter88,
  AUTHOR = {Judea Pearl},
  TITLE = {Evidential Reasoning Under Uncertainty},
  BOOKTITLE = {Exploring Artificial Intelligence},
  EDITOR = {Howard E. Shrobe},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  PAGES = {381--418},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {bayes nets}
}


@BOOK{pearl:book88,
  TITLE = {Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems:
                 Networks of Plausible Inference},
  AUTHOR = {Judea Pearl},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo,CA},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {{B}ayesian Networks}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pearl:kr91,
  TITLE = {A theory of inferred causation},
  AUTHOR = {Judea Pearl and T. S. Verma},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
                 Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {441--452}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pedersen:lex95,
  TITLE = {Lexical Acquisition via Constraint Solving},
  AUTHOR = {Ted Pedersen and Weidong Chen},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the 1995 AAAI Symposium on the
                 Representation and Acquisition of Lexical Knowledge:
                 Polysemy, Ambiguity, and Generativity},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {118--122},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pednault:kr89,
  AUTHOR = {E. P. D. Pendault},
  TITLE = {{ADL}: Exploring the Middle Ground Between Strips and
                 the Situation Calculus},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on
                 Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  YEAR = {1989}
}


@BOOK{peirce:book58,
  TITLE = {Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce},
  AUTHOR = {Charles Sanders Peirce},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, Mass.},
  YEAR = {1958},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pelleg:ml00,
  AUTHOR = {Dan Pelleg and Andrew Moore},
  TITLE = {X-means: Extending K-means with Efficient Estimation of the Number of Clusters },
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International
                 Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-2000)},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{penberthy:kr92,
  AUTHOR = {J. Scott Penberthy and Daniel S. Weld},
  TITLE = {{UCPOP}: {A} sound, complete, partial order planner
                 for {ADL}},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
                 Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  MONTH = OCT,
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge,MA},
  PAGES = {113--114}
}


@BOOK{peng:book90,
  AUTHOR = {Yun Peng and James A. Reggia},
  TITLE = {Abductive Inference Models for Diagnostic
                 Problem-Solving},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {New York}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pereira:acl92,
  AUTHOR = {Fernando C. N. Pereira and Yves Shabes},
  TITLE = {Inside-Outside Reestimation from Partially Bracketed
                 Corpora},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-92)},
  YEAR = {1992},
  PAGES = {128--135},
  ADDRESS = {Newark, Delaware}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pereira:acl93,
  AUTHOR = {Fernando C. N. Pereira and Naftali Tishby and Lillian
                 Lee},
  TITLE = {Distributional Clustering of {English} Words},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-93)},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PAGES = {183--190},
  ADDRESS = {Columbus, Ohio}
}


@BOOK{pereira:book87,
  TITLE = {Prolog and Natural Language Analysis},
  AUTHOR = {Fernando C. N. Pereira and Stuart Shieber},
  PUBLISHER = {Center for the Study of Language and Information},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{pereira:dcg80,
  AUTHOR = {Fernando C. N. Pereira and David H. D. Warren},
  TITLE = {Definite clause grammars for language analysis - 
                  {A} survey of the formalisms and a comparison with
                 augmented transition networks},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1980},
  VOLUME = {13, 3},
  PAGES = {231--278}
}


@ARTICLE{perez-iratxeta:natgen02,
  AUTHOR = {Carolina Perez-Iratxeta and P. Bork and M. A. Andrade},
  TITLE = {Association of Genes to Genetically Inherited Diseases Using Data Mining},
  JOURNAL = {Nature Genetics},
  VOLUME = {31},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {316--319},
  YEAR = {2002},
  MONTH = {July}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{perez:aips94,
  AUTHOR = {M. Alicia P\'{e}rez and Jaime G. Carbonell},
  TITLE = {Control Knowledge to Improve the Plan Quality},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference of
                 AI Planning Systems},
  MONTH = JUN,
  PAGES = {},
  ADDRESS = {Chicago, IL},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{perkowitz:aaai98,
  TITLE = {Adaptive Web Sites: Automatically Synthesizing Web
                 Pages},
  AUTHOR = {Mike Perkowitz and Oren Etzioni},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-98)},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {727--732},
  KEY = {text clustering},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{perkowitz:ijcai97,
  AUTHOR = {Mike Perkowitz and Oren Etzioni},
  TITLE = {Adaptive Web Sites: An {AI} Challenge Problem},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-97)},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PAGES = {16--21},
  ADDRESS = {Nagoya, Japan}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{perkowitz:ijcai99,
  AUTHOR = {M. Perkowitz and O. Etzioni},
  TITLE = {Adaptive Web Sites: Conceptual Cluster Mining},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-99)},
  PAGES = {264--269},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@ARTICLE{perry:jis83,
  AUTHOR = {Shirley A. Perry and Peter Willett},
  TITLE = {A Review of the Use of Inverted Files for Best Match Searching
                  in Information Retrieval Systems},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Information Science},
  PUBLISHER = {Elsevier Science Publishers},
  VOLUME = {6},
  PAGES = {59--66},
  YEAR = {1983}
}


@ARTICLE{peterson:jasa52,
  AUTHOR = {Peterson and Barney},
  TITLE = {Control Methods Used in a Study of the Vowels},
  YEAR = {1952},
  JOURNAL = {J. Acoust. Soc. Am.},
  VOLUME = {24},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {175--184}
}


@ARTICLE{peterson:jcss76,
  AUTHOR = {J. L. Peterson},
  TITLE = {Computation Sequence Sets},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences},
  VOLUME = {19},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {1--24},
  YEAR = {1976}
}


@INCOLLECTION{petitto:bkchapter88,
  TITLE = {{``Language''} in the pre-linguistic child},
  AUTHOR = {Laura Ann Petitto},
  BOOKTITLE = {The development of language and language researchers},
  EDITOR = {F. S. Kessel},
  PUBLISHER = {Erlbaum},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {}
}


@INCOLLECTION{phillips:nips99,
  AUTHOR = {P. Jonathon Phillips},
  TITLE = {Support Vector Machines Applied to Face Recognition},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 11},
  EDITOR = {M. J. Kearns and S. A. Solla and D. A. Cohn},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@BOOK{piatetsky-shapiro:book91,
  TITLE = {Knowledge Discovery in Databases},
  EDITOR = {Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro and William J. Frawley},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press/MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@INCOLLECTION{piatetsky-shapiro:kdd91,
  AUTHOR = {G. Piatetsky-Shapiro},
  TITLE = {Design, analysis and presentation of strong rules},
  BOOKTITLE = {Knowledge Discovery in Databases},
  EDITOR = {G. Piatetsky-Shapiro and W. J. Frawley},
  PAGES = {229--248},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI/MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@BOOK{piattelli-palmarini:book80,
  EDITOR = {Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini},
  TITLE = {Language and Learning: The Debate between Jean Piaget
                 and Noam Chomsky},
  PUBLISHER = {Harvard University Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1980}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pierre:pakm02,
  AUTHOR = {John M. Pierre},
  TITLE = {Mining Knowledge from Text Collections Using Automatically Generated Metadata},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Practical Aspects of
                  Knowledge Management (PAKM-2002)},
  EDITOR = {Dimitris Karagiannis and Ulrich Reimer},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer},
  ADDRESS = {Vienna, Austria},
  PAGES = {537--548},
  MONTH = DEC,
  YEAR = {2002},
  NOTE = {Lecture Notes in Computer Sicnece Vol. 2569}
}


@INCOLLECTION{pinker:bkchapter87,
  AUTHOR = {Steven Pinker},
  TITLE = {The bootstrapping problem in language acquisition},
  BOOKTITLE = {Mechanisms of Language Acquisition},
  EDITOR = {Brian MacWhinney},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  PAGES = {399--441},
  YEAR = {1987}
}


@INCOLLECTION{pinker:bkchapter88,
  AUTHOR = {Steven Pinker and Alan Prince},
  TITLE = {On language and connectionism: Analysis of a parallel
                 distributed model of language acquisition},
  BOOKTITLE = {Connections and Symbols},
  EDITOR = {Steven Pinker and Jacques A. Mehler},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  PAGES = {73--193},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {past-tense}
}


@INCOLLECTION{pinker:bkchapter89,
  AUTHOR = {Steven Pinker},
  TITLE = {Resolving a Learnability Paradox in the Acquisition of
                 the Verb Lexicon},
  BOOKTITLE = {The Teachability of Language},
  EDITOR = {M. Rice and R. Schiefelbusch},
  PAGES = {13--61},
  PUBLISHER = {Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@BOOK{pinker:book94,
  TITLE = {The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language},
  EDITOR = {Steven Pinker},
  PUBLISHER = {William Morrow},
  ADDRESS = {N.Y.},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{pinker:lingua94,
  TITLE = {How Could a Child Use Verb Syntax to Learn Verb Semantics?},
  AUTHOR = {S. Pinker},
  JOURNAL = {Lingua},
  VOLUME = {92},
  PAGES = {377--410},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{pinker:paper87,
  AUTHOR = {Steven Pinker},
  TITLE = {Resolving a Learnability Paradox in the Acquisition of
                 the Verb Lexicon},
  NOTE = {Lexicon project working papers 17, MIT Center for
                 Cognitive Science},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1987}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pinto:sigir03,
  AUTHOR = {David Pinto and Andrew McCallum and Xing Wei and
                  W. Bruce Croft},
  TITLE = {Table Extraction Using Conditional Random Fields},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 26th International ACM SIGIR
                 Conference on Research and Development in Information
                 Retrieval},
  ADDRESS = {Toronto, Canada},
  YEAR = 2003
}


@ARTICLE{pitt:jacm88,
  TITLE = {Computational Limitations on Learning from Examples},
  AUTHOR = {L. Pitt and Leslie G. Valiant},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery},
  VOLUME = {35},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {965--984},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {pac learnability theory}
}


@INCOLLECTION{platt:chapter99,
  AUTHOR = {J. Platt},
  TITLE = {Fast training of support vector machines using
                  sequential minimal optimization},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Kernel Methods - Support Vector
                  Learning},
  EDITOR = {B. Scholkopf and C. J. C. Burges and A. J. Smola},
  PAGES = {185--208},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1999},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  KEYWORD = {SMO algorithm}
}


@INCOLLECTION{platt:chapter99a,
  AUTHOR = {John C. Platt},
  TITLE = {Probabilistic Outputs for Support Vector Machines
                  and Comparisons to Regularized Likelihood Methods},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Large Margin Classifiers},
  EDITOR = {Alexander J. Smola and Peter Bartlett and Bernhard
                  Sch{\"{o}}lkopf and Dale Schuurmans},
  YEAR = 1999,
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  PAGES = {185--208}
}


@MISC{plaxton:personal,
  AUTHOR = {C. Greg Plaxton},
  NOTE = {Personal communication},
  MONTH = {September},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INCOLLECTION{plotkin:bkchapter70,
  AUTHOR = {G. D. Plotkin},
  TITLE = {A note on inductive generalization},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Intelligence (Vol. 5)},
  EDITOR = {B. Meltzer and D. Michie},
  PUBLISHER = {Elsevier North-Holland},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1970},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{plotkin:mi70,
  TITLE = {A note on inductive generalisation},
  AUTHOR = {G. D. Plotkin},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {5},
  PAGES = {153--163},
  YEAR = {1970}
}


@ARTICLE{plotkin:mi71,
  AUTHOR = {G. D. Plotkin},
  TITLE = {A further note on inductive generalization},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {6},
  NUMBER = {101-124},
  YEAR = {1971}
}


@ARTICLE{plunkett:cognition91,
  TITLE = {{U}-shaped learning and frequency effects in a
                 multilayered perceptron: Implications for child
                 language acquisition},
  AUTHOR = {K. Plunkett and V. Marchman},
  JOURNAL = {Cognition},
  VOLUME = {38},
  NUMBER = {},
  PAGES = {43--102},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@ARTICLE{plunkett:cognition93,
  TITLE = {From rote learning to system building: Acquiring verb
                 morphology in children and connectionist nets},
  AUTHOR = {K. Plunkett and V. Marchman},
  JOURNAL = {Cognition},
  VOLUME = {48},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {21--69},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@BOOK{pnorvig:bk92,
  TITLE = {Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case
                 Studies in Common Lisp},
  AUTHOR = {Peter Norvig},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, California},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pollack:pr89,
  AUTHOR = {Martha E. Pollack},
  TITLE = {Plan Recognition Beyond {STRIPS}},
  BOOKTITLE = {Working Notes of the Second AAAI Workshop on Plan
                 Recognition},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, Michigan}
}


@BOOK{pollard:book94,
  TITLE = {Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar},
  AUTHOR = {C. Pollard and I. Sag},
  PUBLISHER = {University of Chicago Press},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INCOLLECTION{poole:bkchapter87,
  TITLE = {Theorist: {A} Logical Reasoning System for Defaults
                 and Diagnosis},
  AUTHOR = {D. L. Poole and R. G. Goebel and R. Aleliunas},
  BOOKTITLE = {The Knowledge Frontier: Essays in the Representation
                 of Knowledge},
  EDITOR = {N. J. Cercone and G. McCalla},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  PAGES = {331--352},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{poole:fgcs88,
  AUTHOR = {D. Poole},
  TITLE = {Representing Knowledge for Logic-Based Diagnosis},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Fifth
                 Generation Computing Systems},
  YEAR = {1988},
  PAGES = {1282--1290},
  ADDRESS = {Tokyo, Japan}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{poole:ijcai89,
  AUTHOR = {D. Poole},
  TITLE = {Normality and Faults in Logic-Based Diagnosis},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  YEAR = {1989},
  PAGES = {1304--1310},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{popescu:iui03,
  AUTHOR = {Ana-Maria Popescu and Oren Etzioni and Henry Kautz},
  TITLE = {Towards a Theory of Natural Language Interfaces to
                 Databases},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on
                 Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI-2003)},
  PUBLISHER = {ACM},
  PAGES = {149--157},
  ADDRESS = {Miami, FL},
  MONTH = JAN,
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{popescul:adl00,
  AUTHOR = {Alexandrin Popescul and Gary Flake and Steve Lawrence
                   and Lyle Ungar and C. Lee Giles},
  TITLE = {Clustering and Identifying Temporal Trends in Document
                   Databases},
  BOOKTITLE = {IEEE Advances in Digital Libraries (ADL-2000)},
  PAGES = {173--182},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, DC},
  YEAR = 2000
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{popescul:uai01,
  AUTHOR = {Alexandrin Popescul and Lyle H. Ungar and David M. Pennock and Steve Lawrence},
  TITLE = {Probabilistic Models for Unified Collaborative and Content-Based Recommendation in Sparse-Data Environments},
  PAGES = {},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 17th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial
                 Intelligence (UAI-01)},
  YEAR = {2001},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pople:ijcai73,
  AUTHOR = {Harry E. {Pople, Jr.}},
  TITLE = {On the Mechanization of Abductive Logic},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-73)},
  YEAR = {1973},
  PAGES = {147--152}
}


@ARTICLE{porter:ai90,
  TITLE = {Concept Learning and Heuristic Classification in
                 Weak-Theory Domains},
  AUTHOR = {B. W. Porter and R. Bareiss and R. C. Holte},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {45},
  YEAR = {1990},
  PAGES = {229--263},
  KEY = {Protos}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{porter:ml91,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  EDITOR = {B. W. Porter and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  MONTH = JUN,
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{porter:mlj86,
  TITLE = {Experimental Goal Regression: {A} Method for Learning
                 Problem-Solving},
  AUTHOR = {Bruce W. Porter and Dennis F. Kibler},
  YEAR = {1986},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {1},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {249--285},
  KEY = {EGR}
}


@INCOLLECTION{powell:bkchapter87,
  TITLE = {Radial Basis Functions for Multivariable
                 Interpolation: {A} Review},
  AUTHOR = {M. J. Powell},
  BOOKTITLE = {Algorithms for Approximation},
  EDITOR = {J. Mason and M. Cox},
  PUBLISHER = {Clarendon Press},
  ADDRESS = {Oxford},
  PAGES = {143--167},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {RBF regression}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pradhan:uai94,
  AUTHOR = {Malcolm Pradhan and Gregory Provan and Blackford
                 Middleton and Max Henrion},
  TITLE = {Knowledge Engineering for Large Belief Networks},
  PAGES = {484--490},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Uncertainty in
                 Artificial Intelligence (UAI-94)},
  YEAR = {1994},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  MONTH = JUL,
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{price:ijcai03,
  AUTHOR = {Bob Price and Craig Boutilier},
  TITLE = {A Bayesian Approach to Imitation in Reinforcement Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-2003)},
  PAGES = {},
  ADDRESS = {Acapulco, Mexico},
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{prieditis:aaai87,
  TITLE = {{PROLEARN}: Towards a {P}rolog Interpreter that
                 Learns},
  AUTHOR = {A. Prieditis and J. Mostow},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-87)},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {ebl macro}
}


@BOOK{proctor:book78,
  TITLE = {Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English},
  EDITOR = {P. Proctor},
  YEAR = {1978},
  PUBLISHER = {Longman Group},
  ADDRESS = {Harlow, Essex, UK}
}


@ARTICLE{proux:geninf98,
  AUTHOR = {Denys Proux and Fran\c{c}ois Rechenmann and Laurent Julliard and Violaine Pillet and Bernard Jacq},
  TITLE = {Detecting Gene Symbols and Names in Biological Texts: {A} First Step toward Pertinent Information Extraction},
  JOURNAL = {Genome Informatics},
  VOLUME = {9},
  PAGES = {72--80},
  YEAR = {1998},
  NOTE = {{GIW} '98}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{proux:ismb00,
  TITLE = {A pragmatic information extraction strategy for
                 gathering data on genetic interactions},
  AUTHOR = {D. Proux and F. Rechenmann and L. Julliard},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on
                 Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB-2001)},
  PAGES = {279--85},
  YEAR = {2000},
  KEY = {IE CompBio}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{provan:ais94,
  TITLE = {Learning {Bayesian} Networks Using Feature Selection},
  AUTHOR = {Gregory M. Provan and Moninder Singh},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Artificial Intelligence
                 and Statistics},
  YEAR = {1994},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  PAGES = {291--300}
}


@MISC{provan:com94,
  AUTHOR = {G. Provan},
  YEAR = {1994},
  MONTH = APR,
  NOTE = {Personal communication}
}


@TECHREPORT{provost:tr00,
  AUTHOR = {F. Provost and P. Domingos},
  TITLE = {Well-trained PETs: Improving probability estimation
                   trees},
  INSTITUTION = {Stern School of Business, New York
                   University},
  YEAR = 2000,
  NUMBER = {IS-00-04}
}


@INCOLLECTION{psmith:bkesmea79,
  AUTHOR = {R. Duda and J. Gaschnig and P. Hart},
  TITLE = {Model design in the Prospector consultant system for
                 mineral exploration},
  BOOKTITLE = {Expert systems in the micro-electronic age},
  EDITOR = {D. Michie},
  ADDRESS = {Edinburgh, England},
  PUBLISHER = {Edinburgh University Press},
  YEAR = {1979}
}


@INCOLLECTION{psmith:bkkdd92,
  EDITOR = {Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro},
  BOOKTITLE = {Knowledge Discovery in Databases},
  TITLE = {Rule induction using information theory},
  AUTHOR = {P. Smith and R. Goodman},
  ADDRESS = {Menlo Park, CA:AAAI Press},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@BOOK{pustejovsky:book95,
  TITLE = {The generative lexicon},
  AUTHOR = {James Pustejovsky},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{pustejovsky:psb02,
  AUTHOR = {J. Pustejovsky and J. Castano and J. Zhang and M. Kotecki and B. Cochran},
  TITLE = {Robust Relational Parsing over Biomedical Literature: Extracting Inhibit Relations},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 7th Pacific Symposium on
                 Biocomputing},
  PAGES = {362--373},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@TECHREPORT{pwhigham:tr94,
  TITLE = {Genetic Programming and Inductive Logic},
  AUTHOR = {P. A. Whigham and R. I. McKay},
  INSTITUTION = {University College, University of New South Wales},
  NUMBER = {CS14/94},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INCOLLECTION{quillian:bkchapter68,
  AUTHOR = {M. R. Quillian},
  TITLE = {Semantic Memory},
  BOOKTITLE = {Semantic Information Processing},
  EDITOR = {M. Minksy},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1968},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{quinlan:aaai96,
  TITLE = {Bagging, Boosting, and {C4.5}},
  AUTHOR = {J. Ross Quinlan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96)},
  ADDRESS = {Portland, OR},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {725--730},
  KEY = {},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{quinlan:aai94,
  TITLE = {Past Tenses of Verbs and First-Order Learning},
  AUTHOR = {J. Ross Quinlan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh Australian Joint Conference
                 on Artificial Intelligence},
  EDITOR = {C. Zhang and J. Debenham and D. Lukose},
  PAGES = {13--20},
  PUBLISHER = {World Scientific},
  ADDRESS = {Singapore},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{quinlan:alt96,
  AUTHOR = {Ross Quinlan},
  TITLE = {Boosting First-Order Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 7th International Workshop on Algorithmic Learning Theory},
  PAGES = {143-155},
  YEAR = 1996
}


@INCOLLECTION{quinlan:bkchapter83,
  AUTHOR = {J. Ross Quinlan},
  TITLE = {Learning efficient classification procedures and their
                 application to chess end games},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence
                 Approach},
  EDITOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski and Jaime G. Carbonell and Tom M.
                 Mitchell},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {Los Altos, CA},
  YEAR = {1983},
  KEY = {}
}


@INCOLLECTION{quinlan:bkchapter86,
  AUTHOR = {J. Ross Quinlan},
  TITLE = {The Effect of Noise on Concept Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach,
                 Volume II},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  EDITOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski and Jaime G. Carbonell and Tom M.
                 Mitchell},
  PAGES = {149--166},
  YEAR = {1986}
}


@BOOK{quinlan:book93,
  TITLE = {{C4}.5: Programs for Machine Learning},
  AUTHOR = {J. Ross Quinlan},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo,CA},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{quinlan:ecml93,
  TITLE = {{FOIL}: {A} Midterm Report},
  AUTHOR = {J. Ross Quinlan and R. M. Cameron-Jones},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Machine
                 Learning},
  PAGES = {3--20},
  ADDRESS = {Vienna},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{quinlan:ijcai87,
  TITLE = {Generating Production Rules From Decision Trees},
  AUTHOR = {J. Ross Quinlan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-87)},
  PAGES = {304--307},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1987},
  ADDRESS = {Milan, Italy},
  KEY = {ID3 C4 induction}
}


@ARTICLE{quinlan:infocomp89,
  AUTHOR = {J. Ross Quinlan and Ronald L. Rivest},
  TITLE = {Inferring Decision Trees using the Minimum Description
                 Length Principle},
  JOURNAL = {Information and Computation},
  YEAR = {1989},
  VOLUME = {80},
  PAGES = {227--248},
  KEY = {MDL}
}


@ARTICLE{quinlan:jair96,
  TITLE = {Learning First-Order Definitions of Functions},
  AUTHOR = {J. Ross Quinlan},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {5},
  PAGES = {139--161},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {FFOIL, ILP}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{quinlan:ml89,
  TITLE = {Unknown Attribute Values in Induction},
  AUTHOR = {J. Ross Quinlan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {164--168},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Ithaca, NY},
  KEY = {ID3}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{quinlan:ml91,
  TITLE = {Determinate Literals in Inductive Logic Programming},
  AUTHOR = {J. Ross Quinlan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {foil determinate literals}
}


@ARTICLE{quinlan:mlj86,
  TITLE = {Induction of Decision Trees},
  AUTHOR = {J. Ross Quinlan},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {1},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {81--106},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {ID3}
}


@ARTICLE{quinlan:mlj90,
  TITLE = {Learning Logical Definitions from Relations},
  AUTHOR = {J. Ross Quinlan},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {5},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {239--266},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {foil}
}


@ARTICLE{quinlan:sigart94,
  TITLE = {Efficient Top-down Induction of Logic Programs},
  AUTHOR = {R. Mike {Cameron-Jones} and J. Ross Quinlan},
  JOURNAL = {SIGART Bulletin},
  VOLUME = {5},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {33--42},
  MONTH = JAN,
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{quinn:cogsci96,
  TITLE = {The emergence of perceptual category representations
                 during early development: {A} connectionist analysis},
  AUTHOR = {P. C. Quinn and Mark H. Johnson},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of
                 the Cognitive Science Society},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  PAGES = {638--643},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{quinn:icas98,
  AUTHOR = {P. C. Quinn and Mark H. Johnson},
  TITLE = {Global before basic perceptual category
                 representations in connectionist networks and
                 2-month-old infants},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers of the International Conference on Infant
                 Studies},
  ADDRESS = {Atlanta, GA},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@BOOK{quirk:engl85,
  TITLE = {A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language},
  AUTHOR = {Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum and Geoffrey Leech
                 and Jan Svartvik},
  PUBLISHER = {Longman},
  ADDRESS = {London and New York},
  YEAR = {1985},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{rabiner:ieee89,
  TITLE = {A Tutorial on Hidden {Markov} Models and Selected
                 Applications in Speech Recognition},
  AUTHOR = {Lawrence R. Rabiner},
  JOURNAL = {Proceedings of the IEEE},
  VOLUME = {77},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {257--286},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{rada:ieee-sysmancyber89,
  AUTHOR = {R. Rada and H. Mili and E. Bicknell and M. Blettner},
  TITLE = {Development and Application of a metric on Semantic
                 Nets},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics},
  YEAR = {1989},
  VOLUME = {19},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {17--30}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{radev:acl98,
  AUTHOR = {Dragomir R. Radev},
  TITLE = {Learning Correlations between Linguistic Indicators
                 and Semantic Constraints: Reuse of Context-Dependent
                 Descriptions of Entities},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics and COLING-98
                 (ACL/COLING-98)},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {},
  ADDRESS = {Montreal, Quebec}
}


@ARTICLE{radev:cl98,
  TITLE = {Generating Natural Language Summaries from Multiple
                 On-Line Sources},
  AUTHOR = {Dragomir R. Radev and Kathleen R. McKeown},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {24},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {469--500},
  MONTH = SEP,
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@BOOK{radford:tg88,
  TITLE = {Transformational Grammar},
  AUTHOR = {Andrew Radford},
  PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, England},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{rajagopalan:ieaai94,
  TITLE = {The figure understander: a system for integrating text
                 and diagram input to a knowledge base},
  AUTHOR = {Raman Rajagopalan and Benjamin J. Kuipers},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on
                 Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial
                 Intelligence and Expert Systems},
  YEAR = {1994},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA}
}


@INCOLLECTION{rajamoney:bkchapter90,
  AUTHOR = {Shankar A. Rajamoney},
  TITLE = {A Computational Approach to Theory Revision},
  BOOKTITLE = {Computational Models of Scientific Discovery and
                 Theory Formation},
  EDITOR = {Jeff Shrager and Pat Langley},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  PAGES = {225--254},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {COAST}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{rajamoney:ml88,
  TITLE = {Active Explanation Reduction: An Approach to the
                 Multiple Explanations Problem},
  AUTHOR = {Shankar A. Rajamoney and Gerald F. DeJong},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-88)},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1988},
  ADDRESS = {Ann Arbor, MI},
  PAGES = {242--255}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{rajamoney:ml89,
  TITLE = {Exemplar-Based Theory Rejection},
  AUTHOR = {Shankar A. Rajamoney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Ithaca, NY},
  PAGES = {284--289}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ralaivola:icann01,
  AUTHOR = {Liva Ralaivola and Florence {d'Alche-Buc}},
  TITLE = {Incremental Support Vector Machine Learning: A Local
                   Approach},
  BOOKTITLE = {International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks},
  PAGES = {322-330},
  URL = {http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/icann/icann2001.html#Ralaivolad01},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@MISC{ramachandran:ftp95,
  TITLE = {Refinement of {B}ayesian Networks by Combining
                 Connectionist and Symbolic Techniques},
  AUTHOR = {Sowmya Ramachandran},
  NOTE = {Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis Proposal},
  YEAR = {1995},
  KEY = {ramachandran proposal}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ramachandran:icnn96,
  AUTHOR = {Sowmya Ramachandran and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Revising {B}ayesian networks parameters using
                 Backpropagation},
  BOOKTITLE = {International Conference on Neural Networks: Plenary,
                 Panel and Special Sessions},
  YEAR = {1996},
  ADDRESS = {Washington D.C., USA},
  MONTH = JUN,
  PAGES = {82--87}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ramachandran:ml98,
  AUTHOR = {Sowmya Ramachandran and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Theory Refinement for {Bayesian} Networks with Hidden
                 Variables},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-98)},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {454--462},
  KEY = {BANNER, Bayes nets}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ramachandran:nips92,
  AUTHOR = {Sowmya Ramachandran and Lorien Y. Pratt},
  TITLE = {Information Measure Based Skeletonisation},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 4},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ramachandran:qr94,
  AUTHOR = {Sowmya Ramachandran and Raymond J. Mooney and Benjamin
                 J. Kuipers},
  TITLE = {Learning Qualitative Models for Systems with Multiple
                 Operating Regions},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems},
  ORGANIZATION = {Nara Institute of Science and Technology},
  ADDRESS = {Nara, Japan},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@PHDTHESIS{ramachandran:thesis98,
  TITLE = {Theory Refinement of {Bayesian} Networks with Hidden
                 Variables},
  AUTHOR = {Sowmya Ramachandran},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1998},
  MONTH = MAY,
  NOTE = {Also appears as Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
                 Technical Report AI 98-265 (see
                 http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ai-lab)},
  KEY = {BANNER, threv}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{ramachandran:unpublished96,
  AUTHOR = {Sowmya Ramachandran and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Revising {B}ayesian Network Parameters using
                 Backpropagation},
  YEAR = {1996},
  MONTH = JAN,
  NOTE = {Unpublished},
  ANNOTE = {Comparison of {BANNER} with {APEM}}
}


@ARTICLE{ramamohanarao:vldbj94,
  TITLE = {An Introduction to Deductive Database Languages and
                 Systems},
  AUTHOR = {K. Ramamohanarao and J. Harland},
  JOURNAL = {VLDB Journal},
  VOLUME = {3},
  PAGES = {2},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ramshaw:wvlc95,
  AUTHOR = {Lance A. Ramshaw and Mitchell P. Marcus},
  TITLE = {Text Chunking Using Transformation-Based Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very Large
                 Corpora},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PLACE = {Boston, MA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{rao:aaai92,
  TITLE = {Learning Engineering Models with the minimum Length
                 Description Principle},
  AUTHOR = {R. Bharat Rao and Stephen C-Y Lu},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-92)},
  ANNOTE = {},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{rao:kr89,
  TITLE = {Formal Theories of Belief Revision},
  AUTHOR = {Anand S. Rao and Norman Y. Foo},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on
                 Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  PAGES = {369--380},
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Toronto, Ont.},
  KEY = {belief revision}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{rao:ml95,
  AUTHOR = {R. Bharat Rao and Diana F. Gordon and William M.
                 Spears},
  TITLE = {For Every Generalization Action is There Really an
                 Equal an Opposite Reaction? {Analysis} of the
                 Conservation Law for Generalization Performance},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-95)},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {471--479}
}


@INCOLLECTION{rasmussen:bkchapter92,
  AUTHOR = {Edie M. Rasmussen},
  TITLE = {Clustering Algorithms},
  BOOKTITLE = {Information Retrieval},
  EDITOR = {W. B. Frakes and Ricardo Baeza-Yates},
  PUBLISHER = {Prentice Hall},
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ},
  KEY = {text clustering}
}


@ARTICLE{ratnaparkhi:mlj99,
  AUTHOR = {Adwait Ratnaparkhi},
  YEAR = {1999},
  TITLE = {Learning to Parse Natural Language with Maximum
                 Entropy Models},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {34},
  PAGES = {151--176},
  KEY = {NLL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ratsaby:colt95,
  AUTHOR = {Joel Ratsaby and Santosh S. Venkatesh},
  TITLE = {Learning from a Mixture of Labeled and Unlabeled Examples with Parametric Side Information},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference on
                 Computational Learning Theory},
  PAGES = {412-417},
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{rau:stic94,
  TITLE = {Domain-independent summarization of news},
  AUTHOR = {Lisa F. Rau and Ron Brandow and Karl Mitze},
  BOOKTITLE = {Summarizaing Text for Intelligent Communication},
  ADDRESS = {Dagstuhl, Germany},
  PAGES = {71--75},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ray:ijcai01,
  TITLE = {Representing Sentence Structure in Hidden 
                  {Markov} Models for Information Extraction},
  AUTHOR = {S. Ray and M. Craven},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-2001)},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  PAGES = {1273--1279},
  KEY = {IE CompBio},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@ARTICLE{raychaudhuri:gr02,
  AUTHOR = {Soumya Raychaudhuri and Jeffrey T. Chang and Patrick D. Sutphin and Russ B. Altman},
  TITLE = {Associating Genes with Gene Ontology Codes Using a Maximum Entropy Analysis of Biomedical Literature},
  JOURNAL = {Genome Research},
  VOLUME = {12},
  PAGES = {203--214},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{raymer:icga97,
  TITLE = {Simultaneous Feature Extraction and Selection Using a
                 Masking Genetic Algorithm},
  AUTHOR = {M. L. Raymer and W. F. Punch and E. D. Goodman and P.
                 C. Sanschagrin and L. A. Kuhn},
  BOOKTITLE = {7th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms},
  ADDRESS = {East Lansing, MI},
  MONTH = JUL # { 19--23},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann, CA},
  PAGES = {561--567}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{rec-wkshp01,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the SIGIR 2001 Workshop on Recommender Systems},
  EDITOR = {J. Herlocker},
  YEAR = {2001},
  ADDRESS = {New Orleans, LA}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{rec-wkshp98,
  TITLE = {Papers from the AAAI-98 Workshop on
                 Recommender Systems},
  EDITOR = {Henry Kautz},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI}
}


@ARTICLE{reddy:ieee76,
  TITLE = {Speech Recognition by Machine: {A} Review},
  AUTHOR = {D. R. Reddy},
  JOURNAL = {Proceedings of the IEEE},
  VOLUME = {64},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {502--531},
  YEAR = {1976},
  KEY = {}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{redford:paper98,
  AUTHOR = {M. A. Redford and L. B. Cohen},
  TITLE = {Developmental precursors to infants' understanding of
                 agent and patient},
  NOTE = {Submitted paper},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INCOLLECTION{reeker:bkchapter76,
  AUTHOR = {Larry H. Reeker},
  TITLE = {The Computational Study of Language Acquisition},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Computers},
  EDITOR = {M. Yovits and M. Rubinoff},
  VOLUME = {15},
  PAGES = {181--237},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1976}
}


@ARTICLE{reggia:ijmms83,
  AUTHOR = {James A. Reggia and Dana S. Nau and Pearl Y. Wang},
  TITLE = {Diagnostic Expert Systems Based on a Set Covering
                 Model},
  JOURNAL = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies},
  YEAR = {1983},
  VOLUME = {19},
  PAGES = {437--460}
}


@ARTICLE{reggia:is85,
  AUTHOR = {James A. Reggia and Dana S. Nau and Pearl Y. Wang},
  TITLE = {A Formal Model of Diagnostic Inference. {I}. Problem
                 Formulation and Decomposition},
  JOURNAL = {Information Sciences},
  YEAR = {1985},
  VOLUME = {37},
  PAGES = {227--256}
}


@TECHREPORT{regier:tr91,
  TITLE = {Learning Spatial Concepts Using a Partially-Structured
                 Connectionist Architecture},
  AUTHOR = {T Regier},
  INSTITUTION = {Berkeley},
  NUMBER = {TR-91-050},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@PHDTHESIS{reichman:thesis81,
  TITLE = {Plain-speaking: {A} theory and grammar of spontaneous
                 discourse},
  AUTHOR = {R. Reichman},
  SCHOOL = {Harvard University},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1981}
}


@BOOK{reilly:book92,
  EDITOR = {R. G. Reilly and N. E. Sharkey},
  TITLE = {Connectionist Approaches to Natural Language
                 Processing},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  ADDRESS = {Hilldale, NJ},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@ARTICLE{reinganum:fa88,
  TITLE = {The Anatomy of a Stock Market Winner},
  AUTHOR = {Marc R. Reinganum},
  JOURNAL = {Financial Analysis},
  PAGES = {16--28},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {stock}
}


@INCOLLECTION{reinke:bkchapter88,
  AUTHOR = {R. E. Reinke and Ryszard S. Michalski},
  TITLE = {Incremental Learning of Concept Descriptions},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Intelligence (Vol. 11)},
  EDITOR = {J. E. Hayes and D. Michie and J. Richards},
  PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press},
  ADDRESS = {Oxford, England},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{reiter:aaai87,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond Reiter and Johan de Kleer},
  TITLE = {Foundations of Assumption-Based Truth Maintenance
                 Systems},
  PAGES = {183--188},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-87)},
  YEAR = {1987}
}


@ARTICLE{reiter:ai87,
  AUTHOR = {Raymond Reiter},
  TITLE = {A Theory of Diagnosis from First Principles},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1987},
  VOLUME = {32},
  PAGES = {57--95}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{relations:ml91,
  EDITOR = {Lawrence A. Birnbaum and Gregg C. Collins},
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning: Part {VI} Learning Relations},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{rendell:es89,
  TITLE = {Improving the Design of Similarity-based Rule-learning
                 Systems},
  AUTHOR = {Larry A. Rendell and Howard H. Cho and Raj Seshu},
  JOURNAL = {International Journal of Expert Systems},
  VOLUME = {2},
  PAGES = {97--133},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {ID3 in Comparison}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{resnick:aaai-wkshp92,
  AUTHOR = {P. Resnick},
  TITLE = {{WordNet} and distribution analysis: {A} class-based
                 approach to lexical discovery},
  BOOKTITLE = {Statistically-Based Natural-Language-Processing
                 Techniques: Papers from the 1992 AAAI Workshop},
  YEAR = {1992},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{resnick:cscw94,
  AUTHOR = {Paul Resnick and Neophytos Iacovou and Mitesh Sushak
                 and Peter Bergstrom and John Reidl},
  TITLE = {{GroupLens}: An Open Architecture for Collaborative
                 Filtering of Netnews},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1994 Computer Supported Cooperative
                 Work Conference},
  PUBLISHER = {ACM},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {recommender systems}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{resnick:ijcai95,
  AUTHOR = {P. Resnick},
  TITLE = {Using Information Content to Evaluate Semantic
                 Similarity in a Taxonomy},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95)},
  PAGES = {448--453},
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@ARTICLE{resnik:cacm97,
  TITLE = {Introduction (to the Special Section on Recommender
                 Systems)},
  AUTHOR = {Philip Resnik and Hal R. Varian},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {40},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {56--59},
  YEAR = {1997},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{resnik:wvlc95,
  TITLE = {Disambiguating Noun Groupings with Respect to
                 {W}ord{N}et Senses},
  AUTHOR = {Philip Resnik},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Very Large
                 Corpora},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {54--68},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@INCOLLECTION{rich:bkchapter90,
  AUTHOR = {Elaine Rich},
  TITLE = {Stereotypes and User Modeling},
  BOOKTITLE = {Diagnostic Monitoring of Skill and Knowledge
                 Acquisition},
  EDITOR = {N. Frederiksen and R. Glaser and A. Lesgold and M.
                 Shafto},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  CHAPTER = {2},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {grundy stereotypes}
}


@ARTICLE{rich:cogsci79,
  AUTHOR = {Elaine Rich},
  TITLE = {User Modeling via Stereotypes},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  VOLUME = {3},
  YEAR = {1979},
  PAGES = {329--354}
}


@ARTICLE{rich:ijmms83,
  AUTHOR = {E. Rich},
  TITLE = {Users are individuals: {I}ndividualizing user models},
  JOURNAL = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies},
  VOLUME = {18},
  YEAR = {1983},
  PAGES = {199--214}
}


@ARTICLE{rich:umuai98,
  TITLE = {{COLLAGEN}: {A} Collaboration Manager for Software
                 Interface Agents},
  AUTHOR = {Charles Rich and Candace L. Sidner},
  JOURNAL = {User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction},
  VOLUME = {8},
  PAGES = {315--350},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{richards:aaai92,
  TITLE = {Learning Relations by Pathfinding},
  AUTHOR = {Bradley L. Richards and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-92)},
  PAGES = {50--55},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {San Jose, CA},
  KEY = {FORTE}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{richards:aaai92a,
  TITLE = {Automatic Abduction of Qualitative Models},
  AUTHOR = {Bradley L. Richards and Benjamin J. Kuipers and Ina
                 Kraan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-92)},
  PAGES = {723--728},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {San Jose, CA},
  KEY = {MISQ}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{richards:ml91,
  TITLE = {First-Order Theory Revision},
  AUTHOR = {Bradely L. Richards and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {447--451},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {FORTE}
}


@ARTICLE{richards:mlj95,
  TITLE = {Automated Refinement of First-Order {Horn}-Clause
                 Domain Theories},
  AUTHOR = {B. L. Richards and R. J. Mooney},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {19},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {95--131},
  YEAR = {1995},
  KEY = {FORTE}
}


@PHDTHESIS{richards:thesis92,
  TITLE = {An Operator-Based Approach To First-Order Theory
                 Revision},
  AUTHOR = {Benjamin L. Richards},
  NUMBER = {AI 92-181},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1992},
  MONTH = AUG,
  NOTE = {Also appears as Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
                 Technical Report AI 92-181}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{rickel:qr92,
  AUTHOR = {Jeff Rickel and Bruce W. Porter},
  TITLE = {Automated Modeling for Answering Prediction Questions:
                 Exploiting Interaction Paths},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Systems},
  ORGANIZATION = {Heriot-Watt University},
  ADDRESS = {Edinburgh, Scotland},
  PAGES = {82--95},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@PHDTHESIS{rickel:thesis95,
  AUTHOR = {Jeff Rickel},
  TITLE = {Automated Modeling of Complex Systems to Answer
                 Prediction Questions},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@TECHREPORT{rickel:tr92,
  TITLE = {Automated Modeling For Answering Prediction Questions:
                 Exploiting Interaction Paths},
  AUTHOR = {Jeff Rickel},
  NUMBER = {AI92-178},
  INSTITUTION = {University of Texas at Austin},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@BOOK{riemsdijk:rw86,
  TITLE = {Introduction to the Theory of Grammar},
  AUTHOR = {Henk C. van Riemsdijk and Edwin Williams},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{rigau:acl98,
  TITLE = {Building Accurate Semantic Taxonomies from Monolingual
                 {MRD}s},
  AUTHOR = {German Rigau and Horacio Rodr\'{i}guez and Eneko
                 Agirre},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics and COLING-98
                 (ACL/COLING-98)},
  PAGES = {1103--1109},
  YEAR = {1998},
  ADDRESS = {Montreal, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{riloff:aaai93,
  TITLE = {Automatically constructing a dictionary for
                 information extraction tasks},
  AUTHOR = {Ellen Riloff},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-93)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  ADDRESS = {Washington, D.C.},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PAGES = {811--816}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{riloff:aaai96,
  AUTHOR = {Ellen Riloff},
  TITLE = {Automatically Generating Extraction Patterns from
                 Untagged Text},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  ADDRESS = {Portland, OR},
  PAGES = {1044--1049}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{riloff:aaai99,
  AUTHOR = {Ellen Riloff and Rosie Jones},
  TITLE = {Learning Dictionaries for Information Extraction by
                 Multi-Level Bootstrapping},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99)},
  ADDRESS = {Orlando, FL},
  YEAR = {1999},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {1044--1049}
}


@ARTICLE{riloff:ai96,
  AUTHOR = {Ellen Riloff},
  TITLE = {An Empirical Study of Automated Dictionary
                 Construction for Information Extraction in Three
                 Domains},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1996},
  VOLUME = {85},
  PAGES = {101--134},
  KEY = {info-extract}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{riloff:anlp-naacl00,
  AUTHOR = {Ellen Riloff and Michael Thelen},
  TITLE = {A Rule-Based Question Answering System for Reading
                 Comprehension Tests},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of ANLP-NAACL Workshop on Reading
                 Comprehension Tests as Evaluation for Computer-Based
                 Lanugage Understanding Systems},
  YEAR = {2000},
  PAGES = {13--19},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA}
}


@INCOLLECTION{riloff:bkchapter96,
  AUTHOR = {Ellen Riloff},
  TITLE = {Using Learned Extraction Patterns for Text
                 Classification},
  BOOKTITLE = {Connectionist, Statistical, and Symbolic Approaches to
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  EDITOR = {Stefan Wermter and Ellen Riloff and Gabrille Scheler},
  PAGES = {275--289},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {nla}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{riloff:emnlp97,
  AUTHOR = {Ellen Riloff and Jessica Shepherd},
  TITLE = {A Corpus-Based Approach for Building Semantic
                 Lexicons},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second Conference on Empirical
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  YEAR = {1997},
  PAGES = {117--124},
  ADDRESS = {Providence, RI},
  KEY = {sup/usup}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{rindflesch:psb00,
  AUTHOR = {T. C. Rindflesch and L. Tanabe and J. N. Weinstein and
                 L. Hunter},
  TITLE = {{EDGAR}: Extraction of Drugs, Genes, and Relations
                 from the Biomedical Literature},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Symposium on
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  YEAR = {2000},
  PAGES = {515--524}
}


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  TITLE = {Modeling by Shortest Data Description},
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  VOLUME = {14},
  PAGES = {465--471}
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  TITLE = {A Universal Prior for Integers and Estimation by
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  NUMBER = {2},
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  YEAR = {1983},
  KEY = {MDL}
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  TITLE = {Learning String Edit Distance},
  AUTHOR = {Eric Sven Ristad and Peter N. Yianilos},
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                 on Machine Learning (ICML-97)},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  PAGES = {287--295},
  KEY = {String comparison, Information integration}
}


@ARTICLE{ristad:pami98,
  AUTHOR = {Eric Sven Ristad and Peter N. Yianilos},
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  YEAR = {1998},
  VOLUME = {20},
  NUMBER = {5},
  PAGES = {522--532}
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@TECHREPORT{ristad:tr97,
  TITLE = {Learning String Edit Distance},
  AUTHOR = {Eric Sven Ristad and Peter N. Yianilos},
  INSTITUTION = {Department of Computer Science, Princeton University},
  NUMBER = {CS-TR-532-96},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@TECHREPORT{ristad:tr97a,
  AUTHOR = {Eric Sven Ristad and Peter N. Yianilos},
  TITLE = {Finite Growth Models},
  INSTITUTION = {Princeton University},
  NUMBER = {TR-533-96},
  YEAR = {1997},
  MONTH = {April},
  URL = {citeseer.nj.nec.com/ristad97finite.html}
}


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  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  YEAR = {1987},
  VOLUME = {2},
  PAGES = {229--246}
}


@ARTICLE{rivest:mlj87,
  TITLE = {Learning Decision Lists},
  AUTHOR = {Ronald L. Rivest},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {2},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {229--246},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {PAC}
}


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@PHDTHESIS{robinson:thesis89,
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  YEAR = {1989}
}


@INCOLLECTION{rocchio:bkchapter71,
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@INCOLLECTION{roche:bkchapter97,
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  EDITOR = {E. Roche and Y. Schabes},
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  KEY = {TBL, NLP}
}


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  TITLE = {Mapping Explanation-Based Generalization onto {Soar}},
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  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-86)},
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  YEAR = {1986},
  ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, PA},
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}


@PROCEEDINGS{roth:conll02,
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  ADDRESS = {Taipei, Taiwan}
}


@INCOLLECTION{rouveirol:bkchapter92,
  AUTHOR = {C. Rouveirol},
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                 Theory Completion},
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  EDITOR = {Stephen Muggleton},
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  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  PAGES = {63--86},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {Predicate invention}
}


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  AUTHOR = {Sam Roweis and Lawrence Saul},
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  PAGES = {2323--2326}
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@INPROCEEDINGS{roy:ml01,
  AUTHOR = {Nicholas Roy and Andrew McCallum},
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}


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  TITLE = {The Role of Hypothesis in Medical Diagnosis},
  AUTHOR = {A. Rubin},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial intelligence (IJCAI-75)},
  YEAR = {1975},
  PAGES = {856--862}
}


@INCOLLECTION{rumelhart:bkchapter86,
  AUTHOR = {David E. Rumelhart and Geoffrey E. Hinton and Ronald
                 J. Williams},
  TITLE = {Learning Internal Representations by Error
                 Propagation},
  BOOKTITLE = {Parallel Distributed Processing, Vol. I},
  EDITOR = {David E. Rumelhart and James L. McClelland},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  PAGES = {318--362},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {connectionism neural_modelling}
}


@INCOLLECTION{rumelhart:bkchapter86b,
  AUTHOR = {David E. Rumelhart and James L. McClelland},
  TITLE = {On learning the past tense of {E}nglish verbs},
  BOOKTITLE = {Parallel Distributed Processing, Vol. II},
  EDITOR = {David E. Rumelhart and James L. McClelland},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  PAGES = {216--271},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {connectionism neural-modelling}
}


@BOOK{rumelhart:book86,
  TITLE = {Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the
                 Microstructure of Cognition (Vols. 1 \& 2)},
  EDITOR = {David E. Rumelhart and James L. McClelland},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = {1986},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  KEY = {PDP}
}


@ARTICLE{rumelhart:nature86,
  AUTHOR = {David E. Rumelhart and Geoffrey E. Hinton and Ronald
                 J. Williams},
  TITLE = {Learning Representations by back-propagating errors},
  JOURNAL = {Nature},
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  PAGES = {533--536},
  YEAR = {1986}
}


@TECHREPORT{ruping:tr02,
  AUTHOR = {Stefan Ruping},
  TITLE = {Incremental Learning with Support Vector Machines},
  INSTITUTION = {University of Dortmund, Germany},
  YEAR = {2002},
  OPTKEY = {},
  TYPE = {Technical Report},
  OPTNUMBER = {},
  OPTADDRESS = {},
  OPTMONTH = {},
  OPTNOTE = {},
  OPTANNOTE = {}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{ruspini:unpublished02,
  AUTHOR = {Enrique Ruspini and Michael Wolverton},
  TITLE = {Graph-Editing Metrics for Pattern Matching},
  NOTE = {Artificial Intelligence Center, SRI International},
  MONTH = JAN,
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{russell:ijcai95,
  AUTHOR = {Stuart Russell and John Binder and Daphne Koller and
                 Keiji Kanazawa},
  TITLE = {Local Learning in Probabilistic Networks with Hidden
                 Variables},
  PAGES = {1146--1152},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95)},
  YEAR = {1995},
  ADDRESS = {Montreal, Canada},
  MONTH = AUG,
  NOTE = {},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@PHDTHESIS{russell:thesis93,
  TITLE = {Language Acquisition in a Unification-Based Grammar
                 Processing System Using a Real World Knowledge Base},
  AUTHOR = {D. Russell},
  NUMBER = {Doctoral Dissertation},
  SCHOOL = {University of Illinois},
  ADDRESS = {Urbana, IL},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{saar-tsechansky:ijcai01,
  AUTHOR = {Maytal Saar-Tsechansky and Foster J. Provost},
  TITLE = {Active Learning for Class Probability Estimation and
                   Ranking},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-2001)},
  PAGES = {911-920},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@ARTICLE{saffran:sci,
  TITLE = {Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants},
  AUTHOR = {Jenny R. Saffran and Richard N. Aslin and Elissa L.
                 Newport},
  JOURNAL = {Science},
  VOLUME = {274},
  NUMBER = {5294},
  PAGES = {1926--1928},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{sahami:dl98,
  AUTHOR = {Mehran Sahami and Salim Yusufali and Michelle
                  Q. Baldonado},
  TITLE = {{SONIA}: a service for organizing networked
                  information autonomously},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of Third {ACM} Conference on Digital
                  Libraries (DL-1998)},
  PAGES = {200--209},
  ADDRESS = {Pittsburgh, US},
  YEAR = 1998
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{sahami:textcat-wkshp98,
  TITLE = {A {Bayesian} Approach to Filtering Junk {E}-Mail},
  AUTHOR = {Mehran Sahami and Susan Dumais and David Heckerman and
                 Eric Horvitz},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the AAAI-98 Workshop on Text
                 Categorization},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {55--62},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{sahar:kdd99,
  AUTHOR = {Sigal Sahar},
  TITLE = {Interestingness Via What Is Not Interesting},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
                 Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-99)},
  PAGES = {332--336},
  YEAR = {1999},
  MONTH = AUG
}


@BOOK{salmon:book67,
  AUTHOR = {Wesley C. Salmon},
  TITLE = {The Foundations of Scientific Inference},
  PUBLISHER = {University of Pittsburgh Press},
  YEAR = {1967}
}


@BOOK{salton:book83,
  AUTHOR = {G. Salton and M. J. McGill},
  TITLE = {Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval},
  PUBLISHER = {McGraw Hill},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1983}
}


@BOOK{salton:book89,
  AUTHOR = {Gerard Salton},
  TITLE = {Automatic Text Processing: The Transformation,
                 Analysis and Retrieval of Information by Computer},
  PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley},
  YEAR = {1989}
}


@ARTICLE{salton:cacm75,
  AUTHOR = {Gerard Salton and A. Wong and Chung-Shu Yang},
  TITLE = {A Vector Space Model for Automatic Indexing},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  YEAR = {1975},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {11},
  PAGES = {613--620}
}


@ARTICLE{salton:jsis90,
  TITLE = {Improving retrieval performance by relevance
                 feedback},
  AUTHOR = {Gerard Salton and Chris Buckley},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of the American Society for Information
                 Science},
  VOLUME = {41},
  PAGES = {288--297},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {Rochio, TFIDF, IR}
}


@INCOLLECTION{salveter:bkchapter82,
  TITLE = {Inferring Building Blocks for Knowledge
                 Representation},
  AUTHOR = {S. Salveter},
  BOOKTITLE = {Strategies for Natural Language Processing},
  EDITOR = {Wendy Lehnert and M. Ringle},
  PAGES = {327--344},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  YEAR = {1982}
}


@ARTICLE{salveter:cogscij79,
  TITLE = {Inferring Conceptual Graphs},
  AUTHOR = {S. Salveter},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  VOLUME = {3},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {151--166},
  YEAR = {1979}
}


@INCOLLECTION{sammut:bkchapter86,
  AUTHOR = {Claude Sammut and Ranan B. Banerji},
  TITLE = {Learning Concepts by Asking Questions},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning: An AI Approach, Vol. II},
  EDITOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski and Jaime G. Carbonell and Tom M.
                 Mitchell},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  PAGES = {167--191},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {MARVIN}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{sammut:ml92,
  AUTHOR = {Sammut, C. and Hurst, S. and Kedzier, D. and Michie, D.},
  TITLE = {Learning to Fly},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-92)},
  PAGES = {385-393},
  ADDRESS = {Aberdeen, Scotland},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{samuelsson:ijcai91,
  AUTHOR = {Christer Samuelsson and Manny Rayner},
  TITLE = {Quantitative Evaluation of Explanation-Based Learning
                 as an Optimization Tool for a Large-Scale Natural
                 Language System},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-91)},
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {609--615},
  ADDRESS = {Sydney, Australia}
}


@BOOK{sankoff:book83,
  EDITOR = {David Sankoff and Joseph B. Kruskal},
  TITLE = {Time Warps, String Edits and Macromolecules: the
                 Theory and Practice of Sequence Comparison},
  PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley},
  YEAR = {1983},
  KEY = {String comparison}
}


@ARTICLE{sankoff:jap71,
  AUTHOR = {D. Sankoff},
  TITLE = {Branching Processes with Terminal Types: Applications
                 to Context-Free Grammars},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Applied Probability},
  YEAR = {1971},
  VOLUME = {8},
  PAGES = {233--240},
  ADDRESS = {Sheffield, England}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{sarawagi:kdd02,
  AUTHOR = {Sunita Sarawagi and Anuradha Bhamidipaty},
  TITLE = {Interactive Deduplication using Active Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth ACM SIGKDD International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2002)},
  YEAR = 2002,
  ADDRESS = {Edmonton, Alberta}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{sasaki:ml-ie-wkshp99,
  TITLE = {Applying Type-Oriented {ILP} to {IE} Rule Generation},
  AUTHOR = {Yutaka Sasaki},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the Sixteenth National Conference
                 on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99) Workshop on
                 Machine Learning for Information Extraction},
  YEAR = {1999},
  PAGES = {43--47},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press},
  ADDRESS = {Orlando, FL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{sasik:psb01,
  AUTHOR = {R. Sasik and T. Hwa and N. Iranar and W. Loomis},
  TITLE = {Percolation clustering: a novel algorithm applied to
                 the clustering of gene expression patterns in
                 {Dicytostelium} development},
  BOOKTITLE = {Pacific Symposium of BioComputing},
  PAGES = {335--347},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@ARTICLE{saul:jmlr03,
  AUTHOR = {Lawrence Saul and Sam Roweis},
  TITLE = {Think globally, fit locally: unsupervised learning
                  of low dimensional manifolds},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  YEAR = 2003,
  VOLUME = 4,
  PAGES = {119-155}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{saund:nips94,
  AUTHOR = {E. Saund},
  TITLE = {Unsupervised learning of mixtures of multiple causes
                 in binary data},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 6},
  PAGES = {27--34},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{schafer:srcd97,
  TITLE = {Rapid, early word learning and preferential looking},
  AUTHOR = {G. Schafer and K. Plunkett},
  BOOKTITLE = {Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child
                 Development},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, DC},
  MONTH = APR,
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{schaffer:ml94,
  TITLE = {A Conservation Law for Generalization Performance},
  AUTHOR = {Cullen Schaffer},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-94)},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {259--265},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {bias}
}


@ARTICLE{schaffer:mlj93,
  TITLE = {Selecting a Classification Method by
                 Cross-Validation},
  AUTHOR = {Cullen Schaffer},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {13},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {135--143},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{schaffer:mlj93a,
  TITLE = {Overfitting Avoidance as Bias},
  AUTHOR = {Cullen Schaffer},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {10},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {153--178},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{schank:book75,
  TITLE = {Conceptual Information Processing},
  AUTHOR = {Roger C. Schank},
  YEAR = {1975},
  PUBLISHER = {North-Holland},
  ADDRESS = {Oxford},
  KEY = {conceptual dependency}
}


@BOOK{schank:book77,
  TITLE = {Scripts, Plans, Goals and Understanding: An Inquiry
                 into Human Knowledge Structures},
  AUTHOR = {Roger C. Schank and Robert P. Abelson},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  YEAR = {1977},
  KEY = {themes planning}
}


@BOOK{schank:book81,
  TITLE = {Inside Computer Understanding: Five Programs plus
                 Miniatures},
  AUTHOR = {Roger C. Schank and Christopher K. Riesbeck},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  YEAR = {1981},
  KEY = {SAM, PAM, CD}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{schapire:alt99,
  AUTHOR = {Robert E. Schapire},
  TITLE = {Theoretical Views of Boosting and Applications},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Algorithmic Learning Theory},
  PAGES = {13-25},
  YEAR = 1999
}


@ARTICLE{schapire:as98,
  AUTHOR = {Robert E. Schapire and Yoav Freund and Peter Bartlett and Wee Sun Lee},
  TITLE = { Boosting the margin: A new explanation for the effectiveness of voting methods},
  JOURNAL = { The Annals of Statistics},
  YEAR = 1998,
  VOLUME = 26,
  NUMBER = 5,
  PAGES = {1651--1686}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{schapire:colt98,
  AUTHOR = {Robert E. Schapire and Yoram Singer},
  TITLE = {Improved Boosting Algorithms Using Confidence-rated 
                  Predictions},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference on
                 Computational Learning Theory},
  EDITOR = {Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro and Rakesh Agrawal and Paul
                 E. Stolorz},
  PUBLISHER = {ACM},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  PAGES = {80--91},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{schapire:ml02,
  AUTHOR = {Robert E. Schapire and Peter Stone and David McAllester and Michael L. Littman and Janos A. Csirik },
  TITLE = {Modeling auction price uncertainty using boosting-based conditional density estimation},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Machine
                 Learning (ICML-2002)},
  YEAR = 2002
}


@ARTICLE{schapire:mlj00,
  AUTHOR = {Robert E. Schapire and Yoram Singer},
  TITLE = {BoosTexter: A Boosting-based System for Text
                   Categorization},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {39},
  NUMBER = {2/3},
  PAGES = {135-168},
  YEAR = 2000
}


@ARTICLE{schapire:mlj90,
  AUTHOR = {Robert E. Schapire},
  YEAR = {1990},
  TITLE = {The Strength of Weak Learnability},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {5},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {197--227},
  KEY = {boosting}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{scheffer:ecml-wkshp03,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the ECML/PKDD 2003 Workshop on
                  Data Mining and Text Mining for Bioinformatics},
  EDITOR = {Tobias Scheffer and Ulf Leser},
  ADDRESS = {Dubrovnik, Croatia},
  MONTH = SEP,
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{schlimmer:aaai86,
  TITLE = {A Case Study of Incremental Concept Induction},
  AUTHOR = {Jeffrey C. Schlimmer and Douglas Fisher},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-86)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1986},
  ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, PA},
  PAGES = {496--501}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{schlimmer:aaai86b,
  TITLE = {Beyond Incremental Processing: Tracking Concept
                 Drift},
  AUTHOR = {Jeffrey C. Schlimmer and Richard H. {Granger Jr.}},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-86)},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1986},
  ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, PA},
  PAGES = {502--507}
}


@ARTICLE{schlimmer:mlj86,
  TITLE = {Incremental Learning from Noisy Data},
  AUTHOR = {Jeffrey C. Schlimmer and Richard H. {Granger Jr.}},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {1},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {317--334},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {Stagger}
}


@PHDTHESIS{schlimmer:thesis87,
  TITLE = {Concept Acquisition Through Representational
                 Adjustment},
  AUTHOR = {Jeffrey C. Schlimmer},
  NUMBER = {Doctoral Dissertation},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Information and Computer Science,
                 University of California},
  ADDRESS = {Irvine, CA},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {STAGGER}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{schohn:ml00,
  AUTHOR = {Greg Schohn and David Cohn},
  TITLE = {Less is More: {A}ctive Learning with Support Vector
                  Machines},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International
                 Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-2000)},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA},
  PAGES = {839--846},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{schutze:aaaifs92,
  AUTHOR = {H. Sch{\"{u}}tze},
  YEAR = {1992},
  TITLE = {Context Space},
  BOOKTITLE = {Working Notes, AAAI Fall Symposium Series},
  PAGES = {113--120},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI-Press},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{schutze:sc92,
  AUTHOR = {H. Sch{\"{u}}tze},
  TITLE = {Dimensions of Meaning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proccedings of Supercomputing '92},
  YEAR = {1992},
  PAGES = {787--796},
  ADDRESS = {Minneapolis, MN}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{schutze:sdair95,
  TITLE = {Information Retrieval Based on Word Senses},
  AUTHOR = {H. Sch{\"{u}}tze},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Symposium on Document
                 Analysis and Information Retrieval},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {161--175},
  ADDRESS = {University of Nevada at Las Vegas}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{schwalb:ml93,
  TITLE = {Compiling {Bayesian} Networks into Neural Networks},
  AUTHOR = {Eddie Schwalb},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-93)},
  PAGES = {291--297},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Amherst, MA},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{schwartz:psb03,
  AUTHOR = {Ariel S. Schwartz and Marti A. Hearst},
  TITLE = {A Simple Algorithm for Identifying Abbreviation Definitions in
                  Biomedical Text},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Symposium on
                 Biocomputing},
  ADDRESS = {Lihue, HI},
  PAGES = {451--462},
  MONTH = JAN,
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@TECHREPORT{seeger:tr00,
  AUTHOR = {Matthias Seeger},
  TITLE = {Learning with Labeled and Unlabeled Data},
  INSTITUTION = {Institute for ANC, Edinburgh, UK},
  NOTE = {See \verb|http://www.dai.ed.ac.uk/~seeger/papers.html|.},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@ARTICLE{segal:ismb03,
  TITLE = {Discovering Molecular Pathways from Protein
                  Interaction and Gene Expression Data},
  AUTHOR = {E. Segal and H. Wang and D. Koller},
  JOURNAL = {Bioinformatics},
  YEAR = {2003},
  MONTH = {July},
  VOLUME = {19},
  PAGES = {i264--i272}
}


@BOOK{segre:book88,
  TITLE = {Machine Learning of Robot Assembly Plans},
  AUTHOR = {Alberto Maria Segre},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  ADDRESS = {Hingham, MA},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {ARMS, EBL}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{segre:ml89,
  EDITOR = {Alberto Maria Segre},
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning: Section on Combining Empirical and
                 Explanation-Based Learning},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Ithaca, NY},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{segre:mlj91,
  TITLE = {A Critical Look at Experimental Evaluations of {EBL}},
  AUTHOR = {Alberto Maria Segre and Charles Elkan and Alexander
                 Russell},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {6},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {183--196},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{sejnowski:comsys87,
  TITLE = {Parallel Networks that Learn to Pronounce {English} Text},
  AUTHOR = {Terrance J. Sejnowski and Charles Rosenberg},
  JOURNAL = {Complex Systems},
  VOLUME = {1},
  YEAR = {1987},
  PAGES = {145--168},
  KEY = {NETtalk}
}


@INCOLLECTION{self:bkchapter90,
  AUTHOR = {John A. Self},
  TITLE = {Bypassing the intractable problem of student
                 modeling},
  BOOKTITLE = {Intelligent tutoring systems: at the crossroads of
                 artificial intelligence and education},
  EDITOR = {C. Frasson and G. Gauthier},
  PUBLISHER = {Ablex Publishing Corp.},
  CHAPTER = {5},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {con student modeling}
}


@ARTICLE{selfridge:ai86,
  TITLE = {A Computer Model of Child Language Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Mallory Selfridge},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {29},
  NUMBER = {2},
  YEAR = {1986}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{selfridge:ijcai81,
  TITLE = {A Computer Model of Child Language Acquisition},
  AUTHOR = {Mallory Selfridge},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-81)},
  YEAR = {1981},
  ADDRESS = {Vancouver, B.C.},
  PAGES = {106--108}
}


@ARTICLE{selim:pami84,
  AUTHOR = {S. Selim and M. Ismail},
  TITLE = {{K}-means-type algorithms: {A} generalized convergence
                 theorem and characterization of local optimality},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
                 Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {6},
  NUMNER = {1},
  PAGES = {81--87},
  YEAR = {1984}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{selman:aaai90,
  AUTHOR = {Bart Selman and Hector J. Levesque},
  TITLE = {Abductive and Default Reasoning: {A} Computational
                 Core},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90)},
  YEAR = {1990},
  PAGES = {343--348},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{sembugamoorthy:ijcai81,
  TITLE = {A Paradigmatic Language Acquisition System},
  AUTHOR = {V. Sembugamoorthy},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-81)},
  YEAR = {1981},
  ADDRESS = {Vancouver, B.C.},
  PAGES = {106--108}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{semisup:icmlws03,
  EDITOR = {Rayid Ghani and Rosie Jones and Chuck Rosenberg},
  TITLE = {ICML Workshop on the Continuum from Labeled to Unlabeled Data 
                  in Machine Learning and Data Mining},
  YEAR = {2003},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, DC}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{seneff:icslp98,
  TITLE = {Galaxy-{II}: {A} reference architecture for
                 conversational system development},
  AUTHOR = {S. Seneff and E. Hurley and R. Lau and C. Pao and P.
                 Schmid and V. Zue},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings ICSLP 1996},
  YEAR = {1996},
  MONTH = NOV,
  ADDRESS = {Sydney, Australia}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{seung:colt92,
  TITLE = {Query by Committee},
  AUTHOR = {H. Sebastian Seung and Manfred Opper and Haim
                 Sompolinsky},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Computational
                 Learning Theory},
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {Pittsburgh, PA},
  KEY = {active learning, sample selection}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{seymore:ml-ie-wkshp99,
  TITLE = {Learning Hidden {Markov} Model Structure for
                 Information Extraction},
  AUTHOR = {Kristie Seymore and Andrew McCallum and Roni
                 Rosenfeld},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the Sixteenth National Conference
                 on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99) Workshop on
                 Machine Learning for Information Extraction},
  YEAR = {1999},
  PAGES = {37--42},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press},
  ADDRESS = {Orlando, FL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{sha:naacl03,
  AUTHOR = {Fei Sha and Fernando Pereira},
  TITLE = {Shallow Parsing with Conditional Random Fields},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of Human Language Technology and the Meeting of the North American
                 Association for Computational Linguistics},
  PAGES = {134--141},
  YEAR = {2003},
  ADDRESS = {Edmonton, Canada}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{shachter:uai94,
  AUTHOR = {Ross D. Shachter and Stig K. Anderson and Peter
                 Szolovits},
  TITLE = {Global Conditioning for probabilistic inference in
                 belief networks},
  PAGES = {514--522},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Uncertainty in
                 Artificial Intelligence (UAI-94)},
  YEAR = {1994},
  NOTE = {A recent paper that unifies (almost) all of the extant
                 algorithms for inference in belief networks}
}


@BOOK{shafer:book76,
  TITLE = {A Mathematical Theory of Evidence},
  AUTHOR = {Glenn Shafer},
  PUBLISHER = {Princeton University Press},
  ADDRESS = {Princeton, NJ},
  YEAR = {1976},
  KEY = {Dempster Shafer}
}


@BOOK{shafer:book90,
  TITLE = {Readings in Uncertain Reasoning},
  EDITOR = {Glenn Shafer and Judea Pearl},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {Uncertainty}
}


@BOOK{shapiro:book83,
  TITLE = {Algorithmic Program Debugging},
  AUTHOR = {Ehud Y. Shapiro},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1983},
  KEY = {MIS PDS6}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{sharan:ismb00,
  AUTHOR = {R. Sharan and R. Shamir},
  TITLE = {{CLICK}: a clustering algorithm with applications to
                 gene expression analysis},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on
                 Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology (ISMB-2000)},
  VOLUME = {8},
  PAGES = {307--316},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@ARTICLE{shastri:bbs93,
  AUTHOR = {Lokendra Shastri and Venkat Ajjanagadde},
  TITLE = {From Simple Associations to Systematic Reasoning: 
                  {A} Connectionist Representation of Rules, Variables and
                 Dynamic Bindings using Temporal Synchrony},
  JOURNAL = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  YEAR = {1993},
  VOLUME = {16},
  PAGES = {417--494}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{shavlik:aaai98-wkshp,
  TITLE = {Intelligent Agents for Web-based Tasks: An Advice
                 Taking Approach},
  AUTHOR = {Jude W. Shavlik and Tina Eliassi-Rad},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the AAAI-98 Workshop on Text
                 Categorization},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {63--70},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI}
}


@INCOLLECTION{shavlik:bkchapter90,
  AUTHOR = {Jude W. Shavlik and Thomas G. Dietterich},
  TITLE = {Inductive Learning from Preclassified Examples:
                 Introduction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Readings in Machine Learning},
  EDITOR = {Jude W. Shavlik and Thomas G. Dietterich},
  PAGES = {45--56},
  YEAR = {1990},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  KEY = {}
}


@INCOLLECTION{shavlik:bkchapter93,
  AUTHOR = {Jude W. Shavlik and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Generalizing Explanation Structures},
  BOOKTITLE = {Investigating Explanation-Based Learning},
  EDITOR = {Gerald F. DeJong},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  PAGES = {60--127},
  ADDRESS = {Norwell, MA},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {EBL}
}


@BOOK{shavlik:book90,
  TITLE = {Readings in Machine Learning},
  EDITOR = {Jude W. Shavlik and Thomas G. Dietterich},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo,CA},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{shavlik:connsc89,
  TITLE = {Combining Explanation-Based and Neural Learning: An
                 Algorithm and Empirical Results},
  AUTHOR = {Jude W. Shavlik and Geoffrey G. Towell},
  JOURNAL = {Connection Science},
  VOLUME = {1},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {325--339},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{shavlik:iui99,
  AUTHOR = {J. Shavlik and S. Calcari and T. Eliassi-Rad and J. Solock},
  TITLE = {An Instructable, Adaptive Interface for Discovering and Monitoring Information on the World-Wide Web},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 1999 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces},
  PAGES = {157--160},
  ADDRESS = {Redondo Beach, CA},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{shavlik:ml89,
  TITLE = {Combining Explanation-based Learning and Artificial
                 Neural Networks},
  AUTHOR = {Jude W. Shavlik and Geoffrey G. Towell},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {90--92},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Ithaca, NY},
  KEY = {ivs}
}


@ARTICLE{shavlik:mlj90,
  TITLE = {Generalizing Number in Explanation Based Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Jude W. Shavlik},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {5},
  PAGES = {39--70},
  MONTH = {},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {bagger}
}


@ARTICLE{shavlik:mlj91,
  TITLE = {Symbolic and Neural Learning Algorithms: An
                 Experimental Comparison},
  AUTHOR = {Jude W. Shavlik and Raymond J. Mooney and Geoffrey G.
                 Towell},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {6},
  PAGES = {111--143},
  YEAR = {1991},
  NOTE = {Reprinted in {\it Readings in Knowledge Acquisition
                 and Learning}, Bruce G. Buchanan and David C. Wilkins
                 (eds.), Morgan Kaufman, San Mateo, CA, 1993.},
  KEY = {ID3 backprop perceptron}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{shavlik:raid01,
  AUTHOR = {J. Shavlik and M. Shavlik and M. Fahland},
  TITLE = {Evaluating Software Sensors for Actively Profiling Windows 2000 Computer Users},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection},
  YEAR = {2001},
  ADDRESS = {Davis, CA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{sheikholesami:vldb98,
  AUTHOR = {G. Sheikholesami and S. Chatterjee and A. Zhang},
  TITLE = {WaveCluster: A Muti-Resolution Clustering Approach for very Large Spatial Databases},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the International Conference on  Very Large Data Bases},
  PAGES = {428-439},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{shimony:aaai91,
  TITLE = {Explanation, Irrelevance and Statistical
                 Independence},
  AUTHOR = {Solomon Eyal Shimony},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-91)},
  PAGES = {482--487},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1991},
  ADDRESS = {Anaheim, CA},
  KEY = {bayes nets}
}


@ARTICLE{shortliffe:mbsc75,
  TITLE = {A Model of Inexact Reasoning in Medicine},
  AUTHOR = {Edward H. Shortliffe and Bruce G. Buchanan},
  JOURNAL = {Mathematical Biosciences},
  VOLUME = {23},
  PAGES = {351--379},
  YEAR = {1975},
  KEY = {Mycin}
}


@ARTICLE{shultz:childdev86,
  AUTHOR = {T. R. Shultz and G. W. Fisher and C. C. Pratt and S.
                 Rulf},
  TITLE = {Selection of causal rules},
  JOURNAL = {Child Development},
  YEAR = {1986},
  VOLUME = {57},
  PAGES = {143--152}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{siegel:aaai94,
  TITLE = {Emergent Linguistic Rules from Inducing Decision
                 Trees: Disambiguating Discourse Clue Words},
  AUTHOR = {Eric V. Siegel and Kathleen R. McKeown},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {}
}


@INBOOK{siegel:book88,
  AUTHOR = {Andrew F. Siegel},
  TITLE = {Statistics and data analysis: An Introduction},
  PUBLISHER = {John Wiley and Sons},
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  YEAR = {1988}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{siegelmann:aaai94,
  AUTHOR = {Hava T. Siegelmann},
  TITLE = {Neural Programming Language},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)},
  PAGES = {877-882},
  URL = {http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/aaai/aaai94-2.html#Siegelmann94},
  YEAR = 1994
}


@ARTICLE{siestma:nn91,
  AUTHOR = {Jocelyn Siestma and Robert J. F. Dow},
  TITLE = {Creating Artificial Neural Networks That Generalize},
  JOURNAL = {Neural Networks},
  VOLUME = {4},
  PAGES = {67--79},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{sigir-rec-wkshp99,
  TITLE = {Papers from the {SIGIR}-99 Recommender Systems
                 Workshop},
  EDITOR = {I. Soboroff and C. Nicholas and Michael Pazzani},
  YEAR = {1999},
  PUBLISHER = {ACM SIGIR},
  ADDRESS = {Berkeley, CA}
}


@INCOLLECTION{siklossy:bkchapter72,
  AUTHOR = {L. Siklossy},
  TITLE = {Natural Language Learning by Computer},
  BOOKTITLE = {Representation and meaning: Experiments with
                 Information Processsing Systems},
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  PUBLISHER = {Prentice Hall},
  ADDRESS = {Englewood Cliffs, NJ},
  YEAR = {1972}
}


@ARTICLE{silberschatz:tkde96,
  AUTHOR = {A. Silberschatz and A. Tuzhilin},
  TITLE = {What makes patterns interesting in knowledge discovery
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  YEAR = {1996},
  VOLUME = {8},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {970--974}
}


@INCOLLECTION{silver:bkchapter86,
  AUTHOR = {B. Silver},
  TITLE = {Precondition Analysis: Learning Control Information},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning: An AI Approach, Vol. II},
  EDITOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski and Jaime G. Carbonell and Tom M.
                 Mitchell},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  PAGES = {647--670},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {EBL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{silverstein:ml91,
  TITLE = {Relational Clich\'{e}s: Constraining Constructive
                 Induction During Relational Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Glenn Silverstein and Michael J. Pazzani},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {203--207},
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{simmons:cacm65,
  TITLE = {Answering {English} Questions by Computer: {A} Survey},
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  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {8},
  PAGES = {53--70},
  YEAR = {1965},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{simmons:cacm70,
  TITLE = {Natural Language Question-Answering Systems: 1969},
  AUTHOR = {R. F. Simmons},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {13},
  PAGES = {15--30},
  YEAR = {1970},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{simmons:compling92,
  TITLE = {The Acquisition and Use of Context Dependent Grammars
                 for {English}},
  AUTHOR = {R. F. Simmons and Y. Yu},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {391--418},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@BOOK{sinclair:book75,
  AUTHOR = {J. Sinclair and R. Coulthard},
  TITLE = {Towards an analysis of discourse: The {E}nglish used
                 by teachers and pupils},
  PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press},
  YEAR = {1975},
  ADDRESS = {London, England}
}


@TECHREPORT{sinkkonen:tr00,
  AUTHOR = {Janne Sinkkonen and Samuel Kaski},
  TITLE = {Semisupervised clustering based on conditional
                 distributions in an auxiliary space},
  NUMBER = {A60},
  INSTITUTION = {Helsinki University of Technology},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{siskind:aaai94,
  TITLE = {Lexical Acquisition in the Presence of Noise and
                 Homonymy},
  AUTHOR = {Jeffrey M. Siskind},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1994},
  PAGES = {760--766}
}


@ARTICLE{siskind:cog96,
  AUTHOR = {Jeffrey M. Siskind},
  TITLE = {A Computational Study of Cross-Situational Techniques
                 for Learning Word-to-Meaning Mappings},
  JOURNAL = {Cognition},
  YEAR = {1996},
  VOLUME = {61},
  NUMBER = {1},
  MONTH = OCT,
  PAGES = {39--91}
}


@PHDTHESIS{siskind:thesis92,
  AUTHOR = {Jeffrey M. Siskind},
  TITLE = {Naive Physics, Event Perception, Lexical Semantics and
                 Language Acquisition},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
                 Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology},
  MONTH = DEC,
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{skalak:ml94,
  AUTHOR = {David B. Skalak},
  TITLE = {Prototype and Feature Selection by Sampling and Random
                 Mutation Hill Climbing Algorithms},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-94)},
  PAGES = {293--301},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@BOOK{skinner:book57,
  AUTHOR = {B. F. Skinner},
  TITLE = {Verbal Behavior},
  PUBLISHER = {Appleton-Century-Crofts},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  YEAR = {1957}
}


@ARTICLE{skwok:uai90,
  TITLE = {Multiple decision trees},
  AUTHOR = {Suk Wah Kwok and Chris Carter},
  JOURNAL = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {4},
  PAGES = {327--335},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@INCOLLECTION{slattery:ilp98,
  TITLE = {Combining Statistical and Relational Methods for
                 Learning in Hypertext Domains},
  AUTHOR = {Sean Slattery and Mark Craven},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on
                 Inductive Logic Programming (ILP-98)},
  EDITOR = {D. Page},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  PAGES = {38--52},
  YEAR = {1998},
  KEY = {text categorization, FOIL, ILP}
}


@ARTICLE{sleeman:ai81,
  TITLE = {Modelling students' problem solving},
  AUTHOR = {Derek H. Sleeman and M. J. Smith},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {16},
  PAGES = {171--187},
  YEAR = {1981},
  KEY = {mal-rules}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{sleeman:ijcai87,
  TITLE = {Some Challenges for Intelligent Tutoring Systems},
  AUTHOR = {Derek H. Sleeman},
  ADDRESS = {Milan},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-87)},
  YEAR = {1987},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {1166--1168},
  KEY = {remediation}
}


@ARTICLE{sleeman:mlj90,
  TITLE = {Extending domain theories: two case studies in student
                 modeling},
  AUTHOR = {Derek H. Sleeman and Haym Hirsh and Ian Ellery and
                 In-Yung Kim},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  VOLUME = {5},
  PAGES = {11--37},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {INFER MALGEN PIXIE}
}


@BOOK{slocum:book88,
  TITLE = {Machine Translation Systems},
  EDITOR = {Jonathan Slocum},
  PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, England},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{smadja:acl91,
  TITLE = {From n-grams to collocations: An evaluation of
                 {X}tract},
  AUTHOR = {Frank Smadja},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-91)},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@ARTICLE{smadja:compling96,
  AUTHOR = {Frank Smadja and Kathleen R. McKeown and Vasileios
                 Hatzivassiloglou},
  TITLE = {Translating Collocations for Bilingual Lexicons: 
                  {A} Statistical Approach},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  YEAR = {1996},
  VOLUME = {22},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {1--38}
}


@BOOK{smith:book94,
  TITLE = {Spoken natural language dialog systems: a practical
                 approach},
  AUTHOR = {Ronnie W. Smith and D. Richard Hipp},
  PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@ARTICLE{smith:cogscij92,
  AUTHOR = {Edward E. Smith and Christopher Langston and Richard
                 E. Nisbett},
  TITLE = {The case for rules in reasoning},
  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
  YEAR = {1992},
  VOLUME = {16},
  PAGES = {1--40}
}


@ARTICLE{smith:jmb81,
  AUTHOR = {T. F. Smith and M. S. Waterman},
  TITLE = {Identification of common molecular subsequences},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Molecular Biology},
  VOLUME = {147},
  PAGES = {195--197},
  YEAR = {1981}
}


@ARTICLE{smolensky:ai90,
  AUTHOR = {Paul Smolensky},
  TITLE = {Tensor Product Variable Binding and the Representation
                 of Symbolic Structures in Connectionist Systems},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {46},
  PAGES = {159--216},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{smyth:nips94,
  AUTHOR = {Padhraic Smyth and Usama Fayyad and Michael Burl and
                 Pietro Perona},
  TITLE = {Inferring Ground Truth from Subjective Labelling of
                 {Venus} Images},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 6},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{soderland:aaai94,
  TITLE = {Corpus-Driven Knowledge Acquisition for Discourse
                 Analysis},
  AUTHOR = {Stephen Soderland and Wendy Lehnert},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGE = {827--832},
  KEY = {},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INCOLLECTION{soderland:bkchapter96,
  AUTHOR = {Stephen Soderland and David Fisher and Jonathan
                 Aseltine and Wendy Lehnert},
  TITLE = {Issues in Inductive Learning of Domain-Specific Text
                 Extraction Rules},
  BOOKTITLE = {Connectionist, Statistical, and Symbolic Approaches to
                 Learning for Natural Language Processing},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  YEAR = {1996},
  EDITOR = {Stefan Wermter and Ellen Riloff and Gabriele
                 Scheller},
  PAGES = {290--301}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{soderland:ijcai95,
  AUTHOR = {Stephen Soderland and David Fisher and Jonathan
                 Aseltine and Wendy Lehnert},
  TITLE = {{CRYSTAL}: Inducing a Conceptual Dictionary},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95)},
  YEAR = {1995},
  MONTH = AUG,
  ADDRESS = {Montreal, Canada},
  PAGES = {1314--1319}
}


@ARTICLE{soderland:jair94,
  TITLE = {{Wrap-Up}: {A} Trainable Discourse Module for
                 Information Extraction},
  AUTHOR = {Stephen Soderland and Wendy Lehnert},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {2},
  PAGES = {131--158},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {nla}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{soderland:kdd97,
  AUTHOR = {Stephen Soderland},
  TITLE = {Learning to extract text-based information from the
                 {W}orld {W}ide {W}eb},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
                 Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-97)},
  ADDRESS = {Newport Beach, CA},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PAGES = {251--254}
}


@ARTICLE{soderland:mlj99,
  AUTHOR = {Stephen Soderland},
  YEAR = {1999},
  TITLE = {Learning Information Extraction Rules for
                 Semi-structured and Free Text},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {34},
  PAGES = {233--272},
  KEY = {IE NLL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{soderman:ijcai91,
  TITLE = {Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Knowledge to
                 Generate Models of Physical Systems},
  AUTHOR = {Ulf Soderman and Jan-Erik Stromberg},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-91)},
  PAGES = {1158--1163},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@ARTICLE{solo:ic64,
  TITLE = {A formal theory of inductive inference},
  AUTHOR = {Ray J. Solomonoff},
  JOURNAL = {Information and Control},
  VOLUME = {7},
  PAGES = {376--388},
  YEAR = {1964}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{solomonoff:icip59,
  TITLE = {A New Method for Discovering the Grammars of Phrase
                 Structure Languages},
  AUTHOR = {Ray J. Solomonoff},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the International Conference on
                 Information Processing},
  PAGES = {},
  MONTH = {},
  YEAR = {1959},
  ADDRESS = {}
}


@ARTICLE{somers:mt93,
  TITLE = {Current Research in Machine Translation},
  AUTHOR = {Harold S. Somers},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Translation},
  VOLUME = {7},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  ADDRESS = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands},
  PAGES = {231--246},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{spackman:ml88,
  TITLE = {Learning Categorical Decision Criteria in Biomedical
                 Domains},
  AUTHOR = {Kent A. Spackman},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-88)},
  PAGES = {36--46},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1988},
  ADDRESS = {Ann Arbor, MI},
  KEY = {m-of-n}
}


@BOOK{spark-jones:book97,
  TITLE = {Readings in Information Retrieval},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = {1997},
  EDITOR = {K. {Sparck Jones} and P. Willett},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  KEY = {IR}
}


@ARTICLE{sparrow:ijic91,
  TITLE = {Network Vulnerabilities and Strategic Intelligence in
                 Law Enforcement},
  AUTHOR = {Malcolm K. Sparrow},
  JOURNAL = {International Journal of Intelligence and
                 Counterintelligence},
  VOLUME = {5},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {255--274},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {link analysis}
}


@ARTICLE{sparrow:sn91,
  TITLE = {The application of network analysis to criminal
                 intelligence: An assessment of the prospects},
  AUTHOR = {Malcolm K. Sparrow},
  JOURNAL = {Social Networks},
  VOLUME = {13},
  PAGES = {251--274},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {link analysis}
}


@INCOLLECTION{spelke:obj,
  TITLE = {Physical knowledge in infancy: Reflections on Piaget's
                 theory},
  AUTHOR = {E. S. Spelke},
  BOOKTITLE = {The epigenesis of mind: Essays on biology and
                 cognition},
  EDITOR = {S. Carey and R. Gelman},
  PUBLISHER = {Erlbaum},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  PAGES = {133--169},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@ARTICLE{spiegelhalter:networks90,
  AUTHOR = {David J. Spiegelhalter and Steffen L. Lauritzen},
  TITLE = {Sequential Updating of Conditional Probabilities on
                 Directed Graphical Structures},
  JOURNAL = {Networks},
  YEAR = {1990},
  VOLUME = {20},
  PAGES = {579--605},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{srihari:trec8,
  TITLE = {Information Extraction Supported Question Answering},
  AUTHOR = {Rohini Srihari and Wei Li},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth Text REtrieval
                 Conference(TREC-8)},
  YEAR = {1999},
  MONTH = NOV,
  ADDRESS = {Gaithersburg, MD},
  PUBLISHER = {{NIST Special Publication}}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{srikant:vldb95,
  AUTHOR = {Ramakrishnan Srikant and Rakesh Agrawal},
  TITLE = {Mining Generalized Association Rules},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on
                 Very Large Databases (VLDB-95)},
  ADDRESS = {Zurich, Switzerland},
  PAGES = {407--419},
  MONTH = SEP,
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@TECHREPORT{srinivas:tr93,
  AUTHOR = {S. Srinivas and J. Breese},
  TITLE = {{IDEAL}: Influence Diagram Evaluation and Analysis in
                 {Lisp}: Documentation and Users' Guide},
  INSTITUTION = {Rockwell International Science Center},
  YEAR = {1993},
  NUMBER = {No. 23},
  ADDRESS = {Palo Alto: Rockwell},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@MANUAL{srinivasan:01,
  TITLE = {The {A}leph manual},
  AUTHOR = {A. Srinivasan},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@ARTICLE{srinivasan:ai96,
  AUTHOR = {Ashwin Srinivasan and Stephen Muggleton and Michael J.
                   E. Sternberg and Ross D. King},
  TITLE = {Theories for Mutagenicity: A Study in First-Order and
                   Feature-Based Induction},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {85},
  NUMBER = {1-2},
  PAGES = {277-299},
  YEAR = 1996
}


@ARTICLE{srinivasan:dmkd99,
  AUTHOR = {A. Srinivasan},
  TITLE = {A Study of Two Sampling Methods for Analysing Large
                 Datasets with {ILP}},
  JOURNAL = {Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery},
  VOLUME = {3},
  PAGES = {95--123},
  YEAR = {1999},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{stahl:ecml93,
  TITLE = {Two Methods for Improving Inductive Logic Programming
                 Systems},
  AUTHOR = {Irene Stahl and Brigit Tausend and Ruediger Wirth},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning: ECML-93},
  PAGES = {41--55},
  ADDRESS = {Vienna},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{stanfill:cacm86,
  AUTHOR = {Craig Stanfill and David L. Waltz},
  YEAR = {1986},
  TITLE = {Toward Memory-Based Reasoning},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {29},
  PAGES = {1213--1228}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{stanley:acl96,
  AUTHOR = {Chen Stanley and Joshua Goodman},
  TITLE = {An empirical study of smoothing techniques for
                 language modeling},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-96)},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{stent:acl99,
  TITLE = {The {C}ommand{T}alk Spoken Dialogue System},
  AUTHOR = {Amanda Stent and John Dowding and Jean Mark Gawron and
                 Elizabeth Owen Bratt and Robert Moore},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-99)},
  YEAR = {1999},
  ADDRESS = {College Park, MD}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{stepp:ml87,
  TITLE = {Machine Learning from Structured Objects},
  AUTHOR = {R. E. Stepp},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Irvine, CA},
  PAGES = {353--363},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {induce sbl}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{stevenson:ecml-wkshp03,
  AUTHOR = {Mark Stevenson and Fabio Ciravegna},
  TITLE = {Information Extraction as a {S}emantic {W}eb
                 Technology: {R}equirements and Promises},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the ECML/PKDD-2003 Workshop on Adaptive  
                 Text Extraction and Mining},
  EDITOR = {Fabio Ciravegna and Nicholas Kushmerick},
  ADDRESS = {Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia},
  MONTH = SEP,
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@ARTICLE{stickel:jar88,
  AUTHOR = {Mark E. Stickel},
  TITLE = {A {P}rolog Technology Theorem Prover: Implementation
                 by an Extended {P}rolog Compiler},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Automated Reasoning},
  YEAR = {1988},
  VOLUME = {4},
  PAGES = {353--380}
}


@TECHREPORT{stickel:tr88,
  NUMBER = {Technical Note 451},
  TITLE = {A {Prolog}-like Inference System for Computing
                 Minimum-Cost Abductive Explanations in Natural-Language
                 Interpretation},
  AUTHOR = {M. E. Stickel},
  INSTITUTION = {SRI International},
  ADDRESS = {Menlo Park, CA},
  MONTH = SEP,
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {ABDUCTION}
}


@TECHREPORT{stickel:tr91,
  AUTHOR = {Mark E. Stickel},
  TITLE = {Upside-Down Meta-Interpretation of the Model
                 Elimination Theorem-Proving Procedure for Deduction and
                 Abduction},
  INSTITUTION = {Institute for New Generation Computer Technology},
  MONTH = MAY,
  YEAR = {1991},
  TYPE = {Technical Report},
  NUMBER = {TR-664},
  ADDRESS = {Tokyo, Japan}
}


@ARTICLE{stjohn:ai90,
  TITLE = {Learning and Applying Contextual Constraints in
                 Sentence Comprehension},
  AUTHOR = {Mark F. {St. John} and James L. McClelland},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {46},
  PAGES = {217--257},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {gestalt}
}


@ARTICLE{stolcke:aimag97,
  AUTHOR = {Andreas Stolcke},
  TITLE = {Linguistic Knowledge and Empirical Methods in Speech
                 Recognition},
  JOURNAL = {AI Magazine},
  YEAR = {1997},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {25--31}
}


@TECHREPORT{stolke:tr90,
  TITLE = {Learning Feature-based Semantics with Simple Recurrent
                 Networks},
  AUTHOR = {A. Stolke},
  INSTITUTION = {International Computer Science Institute, Berkely,
                 CA},
  NUMBER = {TR-90-015},
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{strehl:aaai-wkshp00,
  AUTHOR = {Alexander Strehl and Joydeep Ghosh and Raymond
                 Mooney},
  TITLE = {Impact of Similarity Measures on Web-page Clustering},
  BOOKTITLE = {Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Web Search
                 (AAAI 2000)},
  PAGES = {58--64},
  YEAR = {2000},
  MONTH = JUL
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{strehl:hipc00,
  AUTHOR = {A. Strehl and J. Ghosh},
  TITLE = {A Scalable Approach to Balanced, High-dimensional Clustering of Market-baskets},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC 2000)},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@ARTICLE{strehl:jmlr02,
  AUTHOR = {Alexander Strehl and Joydeep Ghosh},
  TITLE = {Cluster Ensembles -- A Knowledge Reuse Framework for Combining Partitionings},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  VOLUME = {3},
  PAGES = {583-617},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{ng:nips02,
  AUTHOR = {Andrew Y. Ng and Michael I. Jordan},
  TITLE = {On discriminative vs. generative classifiers: A comparison of logistic regression and naive {B}ayes},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of Sixteenth Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)},
  PAGES = {605-610},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@PHDTHESIS{strehl:thesis02,
  AUTHOR = {Alexander Strehl},
  TITLE = {Relationship-based clustering and cluster ensembles
                  for high-dimensional data mining},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {The University of Texas at Austin},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{struss:ijcai89,
  AUTHOR = {Peter Struss and Oskar Dressler},
  TITLE = {Physical Negation --- Integrating Fault Models into
                 the General Diagnostic Engine},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  YEAR = {1989},
  PAGES = {1318--1323},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{subramanian:aaai90,
  TITLE = {The Utility of {EBL} in Recursive Domains},
  AUTHOR = {Devika Subramanian and Ronen Feldman},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90)},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1990},
  PAGES = {942--949},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{subramanian:aaai96,
  TITLE = {Qualitative Multiple-Fault Diagnosis of Continuous
                 Dynamic Systems Using Behavioral Modes},
  AUTHOR = {Siddarth Subramanian and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96)},
  ADDRESS = {Portland, OR},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {965--970},
  KEY = {diagnosis QDOCS QSIM MBD},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{subramanian:dx94,
  AUTHOR = {Siddarth Subramanian and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Multiple-Fault Diagnosis Using General Qualitative
                 Models with Fault Modes},
  BOOKTITLE = {Fifth International Workshop on Principles of
                 Diagnosis},
  YEAR = {1994},
  PAGES = {321--325},
  ADDRESS = {New Paltz, NY}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{subramanian:enggqr95,
  AUTHOR = {Siddarth Subramanian and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Multiple-Fault Diagnosis Using Qualitative Models and
                 Fault Modes},
  BOOKTITLE = {IJCAI-95 Workshop on Engineering Problems in
                 Qualitative Reasoning},
  YEAR = {1995},
  ADDRESS = {Montreal, Quebec, Canada},
  MONTH = AUG
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{subramanian:msl91,
  TITLE = {Combining Abduction and Theory Revision},
  AUTHOR = {Siddarth Subramanian and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on
                 Multistrategy Learning},
  PAGES = {207--214},
  MONTH = NOV,
  ADDRESS = {Harper's Ferry, W.Va.},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@PHDTHESIS{subramanian:thesis95,
  TITLE = {Qualitative Multiple-Fault Diagnosis of Continuous
                 Dynamic Systems Using Behavioral Modes},
  AUTHOR = {Siddarth Subramanian},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1995},
  MONTH = AUG,
  NOTE = {Also appears as Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
                 Technical Report AI 95-239},
  KEY = {QDOCS}
}


@TECHREPORT{subramanian:tr92,
  AUTHOR = {Siddarth Subramanian},
  TITLE = {Belief Revision in the Context of Abductive
                 Explanation},
  YEAR = {1992},
  NUMBER = {AI92-179},
  INSTITUTION = {Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of
                 Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  MONTH = DEC
}


@ARTICLE{suddarth:ijmms91,
  AUTHOR = {Steven C. Suddarth and Alistair D. C. Holden},
  TITLE = {Symbolic-Neural Systems and the Use of Hints for
                   Developing Complex Systems},
  JOURNAL = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies},
  VOLUME = {35},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {291-311},
  YEAR = 1991,
  URL = {http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/journals/ijmms/ijmms35.html#SuddarthH91}
}


@MISC{sullivan:dmreview00,
  AUTHOR = {Dan Sullivan},
  TITLE = {The Need for Text Mining in Business Intelligence},
  MONTH = DEC,
  YEAR = {2000},
  NOTE = {DM Review}
}


@ARTICLE{sun:connsc92,
  AUTHOR = {Ron Sun},
  TITLE = {On Variable Binding in Connectionist Networks},
  JOURNAL = {Connection Science},
  YEAR = {1992},
  VOLUME = {4},
  PAGES = {93--124}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{suppes:comp91,
  TITLE = {Complexity Issues in Robotic Machine Learning of
                 Natural Language},
  AUTHOR = {P. Suppes and L. Liang and M. B{\"{o}}ttner},
  BOOKTITLE = {Modeling Complex Phenomena, Proceedings of the 3rd
                 Woodward Conference},
  EDITOR = {L. Lam and V. Naroditsky},
  PAGES = {102--127},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@ARTICLE{suppes:synth70,
  AUTHOR = {Patrick Suppes},
  TITLE = {Probabilistic Grammars for Natural Languages},
  JOURNAL = {Synthese},
  YEAR = {1970},
  VOLUME = {22},
  PAGES = {95--116}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{sussna:cikm93,
  AUTHOR = {M. Sussna},
  TITLE = {Word Sense Disambiguation for Free-Text Indexing Using
                 a Massive Semantic Network},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Information and Knowledge
                 (CIKM-93)},
  PAGES = {67--74},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@ARTICLE{swanson:ai97,
  TITLE = {An Interactive System for Finding Complementary
                 Literatures: {A} Stimulus to Scientific Discovery},
  AUTHOR = {Don R. Swanson and Neil R. Smalheiser},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {91},
  PAGES = {183--203},
  YEAR = {1997},
  KEY = {ARROWSMITH}
}


@ARTICLE{swartout:expert91,
  AUTHOR = {William.  Swartout and Cecile  Paris and Johanna  Moore},
  TITLE = {Explanations in Knowledge Systems: Design for Explainable Expert Systems},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications},
  VOLUME = {6},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {58--64},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{swartout:ijcai81,
  TITLE = {Explaining and Justifying in Expert Consulting
                 Programs},
  AUTHOR = {William R. Swartout},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-81)},
  PAGES = {203--208},
  YEAR = {1981},
  ADDRESS = {Vancouver, BC},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{swets:ad69,
  TITLE = {Effectiveness of information retrieval methods},
  AUTHOR = {John A. Swets},
  JOURNAL = {American Documentation},
  PAGES = {72--89},
  YEAR = {1969}
}


@ARTICLE{swisher:aad92,
  TITLE = {The role of parents in developing visual turn-taking
                 in their young deaf children},
  AUTHOR = {M. V. Swisher},
  JOURNAL = {American Annals of the Deaf},
  VOLUME = {137},
  PAGES = {92--100},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{syed:kdd99,
  AUTHOR = {Nadeem Ahmed Syed and Huan Liu and Kah Kay Sung},
  TITLE = {Handling Concept Drifts in Incremental Learning with
                   Support Vector Machines},
  BOOKTITLE = {Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining},
  PAGES = {317-321},
  URL = {citeseer.nj.nec.com/syed99handling.html},
  YEAR = 1999
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{tadepalli:ijcai89,
  TITLE = {Lazy Explanation-Based Learning: {A} Solution to the
                 Intractable Theory Problem},
  AUTHOR = {Prasad Tadepalli},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  PAGES = {694--700},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  KEY = {ebl intractible}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{tadepalli:speedup92,
  TITLE = {Proceedings of the {ML92} Workshop on Knowledge
                 Compilation and Speedup Learning},
  EDITOR = {Prasad Tadepalli},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1992},
  ADDRESS = {Aberdeen, Scotland},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{tan:aaai90,
  TITLE = {Two Case Studies in Cost-Sensitive Concept Acquisition},
  AUTHOR = {Ming Tan and Jeffery C. Schlimmer},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90)},
  PAGES = {854--860},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{tan:kdd-wkshp99,
  AUTHOR = {Ah-Hwee Tan},
  TITLE = {Text Mining: {T}he State of the Art and the Challenges},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of PAKDD-1999 Workshop on Knowledge Discovery
                 from Advanced Databases},
  ADDRESS = {Beijing, China},
  PAGES = {65--70},
  MONTH = APR,
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@ARTICLE{tanabe:bioinfo02,
  AUTHOR = {Lorraine Tanabe and W. John Wilbur},
  TITLE = {Tagging Gene and Protein Names in Biomedical Text},
  JOURNAL = {Bioinformatics},
  VOLUME = {18},
  NUMBER = {8},
  PAGES = {1124--1132},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{tanenhaus:acl96,
  AUTHOR = {Michael K. Tanenhaus and {et al.}},
  TITLE = {Eye Movements and Spoken Language Comprehension},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PAGES = {48--54}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{tang:ecml01,
  TITLE = {Using Multiple Clause Constructors in Inductive Logic
                 Programming for Semantic Parsing},
  AUTHOR = {L. R. Tang and R. J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Machine
                 Learning},
  ADDRESS = {Freiburg, Germany},
  PAGES = {466--477},
  KEY = {CHILL ILP},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{tang:emnlp00,
  AUTHOR = {Lappoon R. Tang and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Automated Construction of Database Interfaces:
                 Integrating Statistical and Relational Learning for
                 Semantic Parsing},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Joint SIGDAT Conference on
                 Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and
                 Very Large Corpora(EMNLP/VLC-2000)},
  PAGES = {133--141},
  ADDRESS = {Hong Kong},
  MONTH = OCT,
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{tang:kdd03-wkshp,
  AUTHOR = {Lappoon R. Tang and Raymond J. Mooney and Prem Melville},
  TITLE = {Scaling Up {ILP} to Large Examples: Results on Link Discovery for Counter-Terrorism},
  BOOKTITLE = {KDD-03 Workshop on Multi-Relational Data Mining},
  YEAR = 2003
}


@PHDTHESIS{tang:thesis03,
  TITLE = {Integrating Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches in Inductive Logic Programming: 
      Applications in Natural Language Processing and Relational Data Mining},
  AUTHOR = {Lappoon R. Tang},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {2003},
  MONTH = AUG,
  KEY = {TABULATE, BETH}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{tangkitvanich:aaai93,
  TITLE = {Learning from an Approximate Theory and Noisy
                 Examples},
  AUTHOR = {Somkiat Tangkitvanich and Masamichi Shimura},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-93)},
  PAGES = {466--471},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1993},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, D.C.},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{tangkitvanich:ml92,
  TITLE = {Refining a Relational Theory with Multiple Faults in
                 the Concept and Subconcepts},
  AUTHOR = {Somkiat Tangkitvanich and Masamichi Shimura},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-92)},
  PAGES = {436--444},
  MONTH = JUL,
  ADDRESS = {Aberdeen, Scotland},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {Rx}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{taskar:ijcai01,
  AUTHOR = {Benjamin Taskar and Eran Segal and Daphne Koller},
  TITLE = {Probabilistic Classification and Clustering in
                   Relational Data},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-2001)},
  PAGES = {870--878},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, US},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{taskar:uai02,
  AUTHOR = {B. Taskar and P. Abbeel and D. Koller},
  TITLE = {Discriminative Probabilistic Models for Relational Data},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 18th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial
                 Intelligence (UAI-02)},
  YEAR = {2002},
  PAGES = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{tecuci:ml91,
  TITLE = {A Method for Multistrategy Task-adaptive Learning
                 Based on Plausible justifications},
  AUTHOR = {Gheorghe D. Tecuci and Ryszard S. Michalski},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {549--553},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{tejada:isj01,
  AUTHOR = {Sheila Tejada and Craig A. Knoblock and Steven
                  Minton},
  TITLE = {Learning Object Identification Rules for Information
                  Integration},
  JOURNAL = {Information Systems Journal},
  VOLUME = {26},
  NUMBER = {8},
  YEAR = 2001,
  PAGES = {635--656}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{tejada:kdd02,
  AUTHOR = {Sheila Tejada and Craig A. Knoblock and Steven
                  Minton},
  TITLE = {Learning Domain-Independent String Transformation
                  Weights for High Accuracy Object Identification},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth ACM SIGKDD International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2002)},
  YEAR = 2002,
  ADDRESS = {Edmonton, Alberta}
}


@ARTICLE{tennyson:edreview80,
  TITLE = {The Teaching of Concepts: {A} Review of Instructional
                 Design Research Literature},
  AUTHOR = {R. D. Tennyson and O. Park},
  JOURNAL = {Review of Educational Research},
  VOLUME = {50},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {55--70},
  YEAR = {1980},
  KEY = {remediation concepts education}
}


@PROCEEDINGS{textcat-wkshp98,
  TITLE = {Papers from the {AAAI}-98 Workshop on Text
                 Categorization},
  EDITOR = {Mehran Sahami},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI}
}


@ARTICLE{thagard:bbs89,
  TITLE = {Explanatory Coherence},
  AUTHOR = {Paul Thagard},
  JOURNAL = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
  VOLUME = {12},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {435--467},
  MONTH = SEP,
  YEAR = {1989}
}


@INCOLLECTION{thagard:bkchapter92,
  TITLE = {The Dinosaur Debate: Explanatory Coherence and the
                 Problem of Competing Explanations},
  AUTHOR = {Paul Thagard},
  BOOKTITLE = {Philosophy and AI: Essays at the Interface},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press/Bradford Books},
  YEAR = {1992},
  EDITOR = {J. Pollock and R. Cummins},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@TECHREPORT{thagard:tr88,
  AUTHOR = {Paul Thagard},
  TITLE = {Explanatory Coherence},
  INSTITUTION = {Cognitive Science Laboratory, Princeton University},
  MONTH = MAR,
  YEAR = {1988},
  TYPE = {CSL Report},
  NUMBER = {16}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{thiesson:kdd95,
  AUTHOR = {Bo Thiesson},
  TITLE = {Accelerated quantification of {B}ayesian networks with
                 incomplete data},
  EDITOR = {U. M. Fayyad and R. Uthurusamy},
  PAGES = {306--11},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on
                 Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-95)},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PUBLISHER = {AAAI Press}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{thomas:psb00,
  AUTHOR = {J. Thomas and D. Milward and C. Ouzounis and S Pulman
                 and M. Carol},
  TITLE = {Automatic Extraction of Protein Interactions from
                 Scientific Abstracts},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Symposium on
                 Biocomputing},
  YEAR = {2000},
  PAGES = {541--553}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{thompson:aaai-ss:00,
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia Thompson and Mehmet Goker},
  TITLE = {Learning to Suggest: The Adaptive Place Advisor},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 2000 AAAI Spring Symposium on Adaptive User Interfaces},
  ADDRESS = {Menlo Park, CA},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{thompson:aaai94,
  TITLE = {Inductive Learning for Abductive Diagnosis},
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia A. Thompson and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {664--669},
  KEY = {abduction},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{thompson:aaai99,
  TITLE = {Automatic Construction of Semantic Lexicons for
                 Learning Natural Language Interfaces},
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia A. Thompson and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99)},
  ADDRESS = {Orlando, FL},
  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {487--493},
  KEY = {WOLFIE},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{thompson:acl95,
  TITLE = {Acquisition of a Lexicon from Semantic Representations
                 of Sentences},
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia A. Thompson},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-95)},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {335--337},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@INCOLLECTION{thompson:bkchapter00,
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia A. Thompson and Mary Elaine Califf},
  TITLE = {Improving Learning in Two Natural Language Tasks:
                 Choosing Examples Intelligently},
  BOOKTITLE = {This volume},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer-Verlag},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INCOLLECTION{thompson:bkchapter91,
  AUTHOR = {Kevin Thompson and Pat Langley},
  TITLE = {Concept Formation in Structured Domains},
  BOOKTITLE = {Concept Formation: Knowledge and Experience in
                 Unsupervised Learning},
  EDITOR = {Douglas Fisher and Michael Pazzani and Pat Langley},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  PAGES = {127--161},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {LABYRINTH}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{thompson:ecml-wkshp03,
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia A. Thompson and Joseph Smarr and Huy Nguyen 
                 and Christopher D. Manning},
  TITLE = {Finding Educational Resources on the {W}eb:
                 {E}exploiting Automatic Extraction of Metadata},
  BOOKTITLE = {Papers from the 14th European Conference on
                 Machine Learning({ECML-2003}) and the 7th European   
                 Conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge
                 Discovery in Databases({PKDD-2003}) Workshop on Adaptive
                 Text Extraction and Mining},
  EDITOR = {Fabio Ciravegna and Nicholas Kushmerick},
  ADDRESS = {Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia},
  MONTH = SEP,
  YEAR = {2003}
}


@ARTICLE{thompson:jair03,
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia A. Thompson and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Acquiring Word-Meaning Mappings for Natural Language Interfaces},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {18},
  PAGES = {1--44},
  YEAR = {2003},
  KEY = {Wolfie}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{thompson:ml91,
  TITLE = {Using Background Knowledge in Concept Formation},
  AUTHOR = {Kevin Thompson and Pat Langley and Wayne Iba},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {554--558},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{thompson:ml99,
  TITLE = {Active Learning for Natural Language Parsing and
                 Information Extraction},
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia A. Thompson and Mary Elaine Califf and Raymond
                 J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-99)},
  ADDRESS = {Bled, Slovenia},
  MONTH = JUN,
  PAGES = {406--414},
  KEY = {RAPIER WOLFIE},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{thompson:paper98,
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia A. Thompson and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Semantic Lexicon Acquisition for Learning Natural
                 Language Interfaces},
  NOTE = {Submitted paper. Available at {\tt
                 http://www.cs.utexas.edu/ml/nl.html}},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{thompson:thesis93,
  TITLE = {Inductive Learning for Abductive Diagnosis},
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia A. Thompson},
  NOTE = {Masters Thesis, Department of Computer Sciences,
                 University of Texas, Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1993},
  MONTH = AUG,
  KEY = {LAB}
}


@PHDTHESIS{thompson:thesis98,
  TITLE = {Semantic Lexicon Acquisition for Learning Natural
                 Language Interfaces},
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia A. Thompson},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1998},
  MONTH = DEC,
  NOTE = {Also appears as Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
                 Technical Report AI 99-278 (see
                 http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/ai-lab)},
  KEY = {WOLFIE}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{thompson:unpub96,
  TITLE = {Lexical Acquisition: {A} Novel Machine Learning
                 Problem},
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia A. Thompson and Raymond J. Mooney},
  NOTE = {Submitted to ICML'96},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{thompson:unpub97,
  TITLE = {Semantic Lexicon Acquisition for Learning Parsers},
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia A. Thompson and Raymond J. Mooney},
  NOTE = {Submitted for review},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@ARTICLE{thompson:unpub98,
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia A. Thompson and Raymond J. Mooney},
  TITLE = {Semantic Lexicon Acquisition for Learning Natural
                 Language Interfaces},
  JOURNAL = {submitted for review},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{thompson:wvlc98,
  TITLE = {Semantic Lexicon Acquisition for Learning Natural
                 Language Interfaces},
  AUTHOR = {Cynthia A. Thompson and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Very Large
                 Corpora},
  YEAR = {1998},
  PAGES = {57--65},
  ADDRESS = {Montreal, CA}
}


@INCOLLECTION{thrun:bkchapter98,
  AUTHOR = {Sebastian Thrun and Joseph O'Sullivan},
  TITLE = {Clustering learning tasks and the selective
                  cross-task transfer of knowledge},
  BOOKTITLE = {Learning to Learn},
  EDITOR = {Sebastian Thrun and Lorien Pratt},
  YEAR = 1998,
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  PAGES = {235--257}
}


@INCOLLECTION{thrun:bkchapter98a,
  AUTHOR = {S. Thrun and L. Pratt},
  TITLE = {Learning to Learn: Itroduction and Overview},
  EDITOR = {Sebastian Thrun and Lorien Pratt},
  BOOKTITLE = {Learning to Learn},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  ADDRESS = {Boston},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@BOOK{thrun:book98,
  EDITOR = {Sebastian Thrun and Lorien Pratt},
  TITLE = {Learning to Learn},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  ADDRESS = {Boston},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{thrun:ijcai93,
  AUTHOR = {Sebastian Thrun and Tom M. Mitchell},
  TITLE = {Integrating Inductive Neural Network Learning and
                   Explanation-Based Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-93)},
  PAGES = {930-936},
  URL = {http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/ijcai/ijcai93.html#ThrunM93},
  YEAR = 1993
}


@ARTICLE{tishby:csal94,
  AUTHOR = {N. Tishby and A. Gorin},
  TITLE = {Algebraic learning of statistical associations for
                 language acquisition},
  JOURNAL = {Computer Speech and Language},
  VOLUME = {8},
  PAGES = {51--78},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{tjong:conll00,
  AUTHOR = {Erik F. Tjong Kim Sang},
  TITLE = {Text Chunking by System Combination},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of {C}o{NLL}-2000 and {LLL}-2000},
  YEAR = {2000},
  PAGES = {151--153},
  ADDRESS = {Lisbon, Portugal}
}


@ARTICLE{tjong:jmlr02,
  TITLE = {Memory-Based Shallow Parsing},
  AUTHOR = {Erik Tjong Kim Sang},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  VOLUME = 2,
  PAGES = {559--594},
  YEAR = 2002,
  KEY = {chunking KNN TIMBL}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{toivonen:mlnet-wkshp95,
  AUTHOR = {H. Toivonen and M. Klemettinen and P. Ronkainen and K.
                 Hatonen and H. Mannila},
  TITLE = {Pruning and grouping discovered association rules},
  BOOKTITLE = {{MLNET} Workshop on Statistics, Machine Learning and
                 Discovery in Databases},
  YEAR = {1995},
  MONTH = APR
}


@BOOK{tomita:book86,
  AUTHOR = {Masaru Tomita},
  TITLE = {Efficient Parsing for Natural Language},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  YEAR = {1986},
  ADDRESS = {Boston}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{tong:ml00,
  AUTHOR = {Simon Tong and Daphne Koller},
  TITLE = {Support vector machine active learning with applications to text classification},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International
                 Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-2000)},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@PHDTHESIS{tong:thesis01,
  TITLE = {Active Learning:  Theory and Applications},
  AUTHOR = {Simon Tong},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Stanford University},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@ARTICLE{toshihide:bio01,
  TITLE = {Automated extraction of information on protein-protein interactions from the biological literature},
  AUTHOR = {T. Ono and H. Hishigaki and A. Tanigami and T. Takagi},
  JOURNAL = {Bioinformatics},
  VOLUME = 17,
  NUMBER = 2,
  PAGES = {155--161},
  YEAR = 2001,
  KEY = {compbio, IE}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{towell:aaai90,
  TITLE = {Refinement of Approximate Domain Theories by
                 Knowledge-based Artificial Neural Networks},
  AUTHOR = {Geoffrey G. Towell and Jude W. Shavlik and Michiel O.
                 Noordewier},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90)},
  PAGES = {861--866},
  MONTH = JUL,
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Boston, MA},
  KEY = {ebg}
}


@ARTICLE{towell:ai94,
  TITLE = {Knowledge-based artificial neural networks},
  AUTHOR = {Geoffrey G. Towell and Jude W. Shavlik},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {70},
  PAGES = {119--165},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {KBANN}
}


@INCOLLECTION{towell:bkchapter92,
  AUTHOR = {Geoffrey G. Towell and Jude W. Shavlik},
  EDITOR = {Richar P. Lippmann and John E. Moody and David S.
                 Touretzky},
  TITLE = {Interpretation of artificial neural networks: Mapping
                 knowledge-based neural networks into rules},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  VOLUME = {4},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{towell:ml91,
  TITLE = {Constructive Induction in Knowledge-Based Neural
                 Networks},
  AUTHOR = {Geoffrey G. Towell and Mark Craven and Jude W.
                 Shavlik},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {213--217},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {KBANN}
}


@ARTICLE{towell:mlj93,
  TITLE = {Extracting Refined Rules from Knowledge-Based Neural
                 Networks},
  AUTHOR = {Geoffrey G. Towell and Jude W. Shavlik},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {13},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {71--102},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {KBANN}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{towell:msl91,
  TITLE = {Refining Symbolic Knowledge Using Neural Networks},
  AUTHOR = {Geoffrey G. Towell and Jude W. Shavlik},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on
                 Multistrategy Learning},
  PAGES = {257--272},
  MONTH = NOV,
  ADDRESS = {Harper's Ferry, W.Va.},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {KBANN}
}


@PHDTHESIS{towell:thesis91,
  TITLE = {Symbolic Knowledge and Neural Networks: Insertion,
                 Refinement, and Extraction},
  AUTHOR = {Geoffrey G. Towell},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {University of Wisconsin},
  INSTITUTION = {Department of Computer Science},
  ADDRESS = {Madison, WI},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {KBANN}
}


@UNPUBLISHED{towne:paper94,
  AUTHOR = {D. M. Towne},
  TITLE = {An Experimental Command and Decision Task},
  NOTE = {Unpublished paper},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@ARTICLE{traum:compint92,
  AUTHOR = {David R. Traum and Elizabeth A. Hinkelman},
  TITLE = {Conversation Acts in Task Oriented Spoken Dialogue},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {8},
  NUMBER = {3},
  PAGES = {575--599},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@ARTICLE{tuhrim:jetai91,
  AUTHOR = {Stanley Tuhrim and James Reggia and Sharon Goodall},
  TITLE = {An Experimental Study of Criteria for Hypothesis
                 Plausibility},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial
                 Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1991},
  VOLUME = {3},
  PAGES = {129--144}
}


@BOOK{tuleja:book87,
  TITLE = {Curious Customs: The Stories Behind 296 Popular
                 American Rituals},
  AUTHOR = {Tad Tuleja},
  PUBLISHER = {Harmony Books},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{tumer:connsci96,
  AUTHOR = {Kagan Tumer and Joydeep Ghosh},
  TITLE = {Error Correlation and Error Reduction in Ensemble Classifiers},
  JOURNAL = {Connection Science},
  VOLUME = {8},
  NUMBER = {3-4},
  PAGES = {385--403},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{tumer:ijcnn99,
  AUTHOR = {K. Tumer and N. Oza},
  TITLE = {Decimated input ensembles for improved generalization},
  BOOKTITLE = {International Joint Conference on Neural Networks},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@MISC{turney:97,
  AUTHOR = {Peter Turney},
  TITLE = {Cost-sensitive learning bibliography},
  HOWPUBLISHED = {Online bibliograpy, Institute for Information Technology of the National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. http://ai.iit.nrc.ca/bibliographies/cost-sensitive.html},
  YEAR = 1997
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{turney:ecml01,
  AUTHOR = {Peter D. Turney},
  TITLE = {Mining the Web for synonyms: PMI-IR versus LSA on
                  TOEFL},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Machine
                 Learning (ECML-01)},
  ADDRESS = {Freiburg, Germany},
  PAGES = {491--502},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{turney:icml00-wkshp,
  TITLE = {Types of Cost in Inductive Concept Learning},
  AUTHOR = {P. D. Turney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Cost-Sensitive Learning at the 17th International Conference on Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {2000},
  ADDRESS = {Palo Alto, CA},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{turtle:ipm95,
  AUTHOR = {Howard R. Turtle and James Flood},
  TITLE = {Query Evaluation: {S}trategies and Optimizations},
  JOURNAL = {Information Processing and Management},
  VOLUME = {31},
  NUMBER = {6},
  PAGES = {831--850},
  MONTH = NOV,
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@ARTICLE{tversky:pr77,
  AUTHOR = {Amos Tversky},
  TITLE = {Features of similarity},
  JOURNAL = {Psychological Review},
  VOLUME = 84,
  NUMBER = 4,
  PAGES = {327--352},
  YEAR = 1977
}


@ARTICLE{tversky:psyrev83,
  AUTHOR = {Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman},
  TITLE = {Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The
                 conjunction fallacy in probability judgement},
  JOURNAL = {Psychological Review},
  YEAR = {1983},
  VOLUME = {90},
  PAGES = {293--315}
}


@BOOK{ullman:book88,
  AUTHOR = {Jeffrey D. Ullman},
  TITLE = {Principles of Database and Knowledge-Base Systems
                 {I}},
  PUBLISHER = {Computer Science Press},
  YEAR = {1988},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY}
}


@BOOK{ullman:book89,
  AUTHOR = {Jeffrey D. Ullman},
  TITLE = {Principles of Database and Knowledge-Base Systems
                 {II}: The New Technologies},
  PUBLISHER = {Computer Science Press},
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{utgoff:aaai91,
  AUTHOR = {Paul E. Utgoff and Jeffrey A. Clouse},
  TITLE = {Two Kinds of Training Information For Evaluation
                   Function Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-91)},
  PAGES = {596-600},
  URL = {http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/conf/aaai/aaai91-2.html#UtgoffC91},
  YEAR = 1991
}


@INCOLLECTION{utgoff:bkchapter86,
  AUTHOR = {Paul E. Utgoff},
  TITLE = {Shift of Bias for Inductive Concept Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Machine Learning: An AI Approach, Vol. II},
  EDITOR = {Ryszard S. Michalski and Jaime G. Carbonell and Tom M.
                 Mitchell},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  PAGES = {107--148},
  YEAR = {1986},
  KEY = {induction machine_learning}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{utgoff:ml87,
  TITLE = {Learning a Preference Predicate},
  AUTHOR = {Paul E. Utgoff and Sharad Saxena},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Irvine, CA},
  PAGES = {115--121},
  YEAR = {1987}
}


@ARTICLE{utgoff:mlj89,
  TITLE = {Incremental Induction of Decision Trees},
  AUTHOR = {Paul E. Utgoff},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {4},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {161--186},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {ID5}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{vafaie:icfics94,
  TITLE = {Feature Selection Methods: Genetic Algorithms vs.
                 Greedy-like Search},
  AUTHOR = {Haleh Vafaie and Ibrahim F. Imam},
  BOOKTITLE = {International Conference on Fuzzy and Intelligent
                 Control Systems},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{valentini:mcs02,
  TITLE = {Bias-Variance Analysis and Ensembles of SVM},
  AUTHOR = {Giorgio Valentini and Thomas G. Dietterich},
  BOOKTITLE = {Third International Workshop on Multiple Classifier
                  Systems (MCS-2002)},
  ADDRESS = {Cagliari, Italy},
  YEAR = 2002,
  PAGES = {222--231}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{valentini:ml03,
  AUTHOR = {Giorgio Valentini and Thomas G. Dietterich},
  TITLE = {Low Bias Bagged Support Vector Machines},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Machine
                 Learning (ICML-2003)},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, DC},
  PAGES = {752--759},
  YEAR = 2003
}


@ARTICLE{valiant:cacm84,
  TITLE = {A Theory of the Learnable},
  AUTHOR = {Leslie G. Valiant},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {27},
  NUMBER = {11},
  PAGES = {1134--1142},
  YEAR = {1984},
  KEY = {pac learnability}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{valtorta:ecai88,
  TITLE = {Automating Rule Strengths in Expert Systems},
  AUTHOR = {Marco Valtorta},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of ECAI-88},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1988}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{valtorta:ml89,
  TITLE = {Some Results on the Complexity of Knowledge-Base
                 Refinement},
  AUTHOR = {Marco Valtorta},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1988},
  ADDRESS = {Ithaca, NY},
  PAGES = {326--331}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{valtorta:ml90,
  TITLE = {More Results on the Complexity of Knowledge-Base
                 Refinement:Belief Networks},
  AUTHOR = {Marco Valtorta},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on
                 Machine Learning (ICML-90)},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  PAGES = {419--424}
}


@ARTICLE{vanHarmelen:ai88,
  AUTHOR = {Frank van Harmelen and Alan Bundy},
  TITLE = {Explanation-Based Generalisation = Partial
                 Evaluation},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1988},
  VOLUME = {36},
  PAGES = {401--412}
}


@INCOLLECTION{vanlehn:bkchapter90,
  AUTHOR = {Kurt VanLehn},
  TITLE = {Learning one subprocedure per lesson},
  BOOKTITLE = {Readings in machine learning},
  EDITOR = {Jude W. Shavlik and T. G. Dietterich},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  YEAR = {1990},
  PAGES = {754--773},
  KEY = {SIERRA, how students learn}
}


@ARTICLE{vanlehn:mlj87,
  TITLE = {A Version Space Approach to Learning Context-free
                 Grammars},
  AUTHOR = {Kurt VanLehn and William Ball},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {2},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {39--74},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{vapnik:book95,
  AUTHOR = {V. N. Vapnik},
  TITLE = {The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer-Verlag},
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@BOOK{vapnik:book98,
  AUTHOR = {V. N. Vapnik},
  TITLE = {Statistical Learning Theory},
  PUBLISHER = {John Wiley \& Sons},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INCOLLECTION{velardi:bkchapter91,
  AUTHOR = {Paola Velardi},
  TITLE = {Acquiring a Semantic Lexicon for Natural Language
                 Processing},
  BOOKTITLE = {Lexical Acquisition: Exploiting On-Line Resources to
                 Build a Lexicon},
  EDITOR = {Uri Zernik},
  PAGES = {341--367},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{veloso:jair95,
  TITLE = {{FLECS}: Planning with a Flexible Commitment
                 Strategy},
  AUTHOR = {Manuela M. Veloso and Peter Stone},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1995},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {3},
  PAGES = {25--52},
  KEY = {FLECS}
}


@ARTICLE{veloso:jteai95,
  TITLE = {Integrated Planning and Learning: 
                  The {PRODIGY} Architecture},
  AUTHOR = {Manuela M. Veloso and Jaime G. Carbonell and Alicia
                 P\'{e}rez and Daniel Borrajo and Eugene Fink and Jim
                 Blythe},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1995},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Theoretical and Experimental Artificial
                 Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {7},
  NUMBER = {1},
  KEY = {prodigy}
}


@PHDTHESIS{veloso:thesis92,
  TITLE = {Learning by Analogical Reasoning in General Problem
                 Solving},
  AUTHOR = {Manuela M. Veloso},
  SCHOOL = {School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
                 University},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@TECHREPORT{veloso:tr92,
  TITLE = {Learning by Analogical Reasoning in General Problem
                 Solving},
  AUTHOR = {Manuela M. Veloso},
  NUMBER = {CMU-CS-92-174},
  INSTITUTION = {School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon
                 University},
  ADDRESS = {Pittsburgh, PA},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{venter:scienceFeb01,
  TITLE = {The sequence of the human genome},
  AUTHOR = {J. C. Venter and {\it et al.}},
  JOURNAL = {Science},
  VOLUME = {Feb 16;291(5507)},
  PAGES = {1304--1351},
  YEAR = {2001},
  KEY = {compbio}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{vilain:aaai90,
  AUTHOR = {Marc B. Vilain},
  TITLE = {Getting serious about parsing plans: a grammatical
                 analysis of plan recognition},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-90)},
  YEAR = {1990},
  PAGES = {190--197},
  ADDRESS = {Menlo Park, CA}
}


@ARTICLE{vinson:ieee-sysmancyber95,
  AUTHOR = {Jonathan M. Vinson and Lyle H. Ungar},
  TITLE = {Dynamic Process Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis with
                 Qualitative Models},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics},
  YEAR = {1995},
  VOLUME = {25},
  NUMBER = {1},
  MONTH = JAN
}


@ARTICLE{vitor:jmlr02,
  TITLE = {Query Transformations for Improving the Efficiency of ILP Systems},
  AUTHOR = {V. S. Costa and A. Srinivasan and R. C. Camacho and H. Blockeel and B.Demoen and G. Janssens and J. Struyf and H. Vandecasteele and W. Van Laer.},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Machine Learning Research (To Appear)},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@INCOLLECTION{volterra:bkchapter95,
  TITLE = {When do modality factors affect the course of language
                 acquisition?},
  AUTHOR = {Virginia Volterra and Jana M. Iverson},
  BOOKTITLE = {Language, gesture, and space},
  EDITOR = {K. Emmorey and J. Reilly},
  PUBLISHER = {Erlbaum},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  PAGES = {371--390},
  YEAR = {1995},
  KEY = {}
}


@INCOLLECTION{voorhees:bkchapter95,
  AUTHOR = {Ellen M. Voorhees and Claudia Leacock and Geoffrey
                 Towell},
  TITLE = {Learning Context to Disambiguate Word Senses},
  BOOKTITLE = {Computational Learning Theory and Natural Learning
                 Systems, Vol. 3},
  EDITOR = {T. Petsche and S. Hanson and Jude W. Shavlik},
  PAGES = {279--305},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  YEAR = {1995},
  KEY = {line corpus, lexical diasmbiguation}
}


@ARTICLE{wagner:jacm74,
  TITLE = {The String to String Correction Problem},
  AUTHOR = {Robert A. Wagner and Michael J. Fisher},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery},
  VOLUME = {21},
  PAGES = {168--173},
  YEAR = {1974},
  KEY = {edit distance}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{wagstaff:ml00,
  TITLE = {Clustering with Instance-Level Constraints},
  AUTHOR = {Kiri Wagstaff and Claire Cardie},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth International
                 Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-2000)},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA},
  PAGES = {1103--1110},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{wagstaff:ml01,
  AUTHOR = {Kiri Wagstaff and Claire Cardie and Seth Rogers and
                  Stefan Schroedl},
  TITLE = {Constrained {K-Means} Clustering with Background
                  Knowledge},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Machine
                 Learning (ICML-2001)},
  YEAR = {2001},
  PAGES = {577--584}
}


@MISC{wagstaff:personal,
  AUTHOR = {Kiri Wagstaff},
  TITLE = {Personal Communication},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@PHDTHESIS{wagstaff:thesis,
  AUTHOR = {Kiri Wagstaff},
  TITLE = {Intelligent Clustering with Instance-Level Constraints},
  SCHOOL = {Cornell University},
  YEAR = {2002}
}


@BOOK{waibel:book90,
  TITLE = {Readings in Speech Recognition},
  EDITOR = {A. Waibel and K. F. Lee},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo,CA},
  YEAR = {1990},
  KEY = {}
}


@INCOLLECTION{walker:bkchapter86,
  AUTHOR = {Donald Walker and Robert Amsler},
  TITLE = {The Use of Machine-readable Dictionaries in
                 Sublanguage Analysis},
  BOOKTITLE = {Analyzing Language in Restricted Domains},
  PAGES = {69--83},
  EDITOR = {R. Grishman and R. Kittredge},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  YEAR = {1986}
}


@INCOLLECTION{wallace:cj99,
  AUTHOR = {C. S. Wallace and D. L. Lowe},
  TITLE = {Minimum Message Length and {K}olmogorov Complexity},
  BOOKTITLE = {The Computer Journal},
  PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INCOLLECTION{waltz:bkchapter75,
  TITLE = {Understanding Line Drawings of Scenes with Shadows},
  AUTHOR = {David L. Waltz},
  BOOKTITLE = {The Psychology of Computer Vision},
  EDITOR = {Patrick H. Winston},
  PUBLISHER = {McGraw Hill},
  PAGES = {19--91},
  YEAR = {1975},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@ARTICLE{waltz:cacm78,
  TITLE = {An {English} Language Question Answering System for a
                 Large Relational Database},
  AUTHOR = {David L. Waltz},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {21},
  NUMBER = {7},
  PAGES = {526--539},
  YEAR = {1978},
  KEY = {PLANES}
}


@TECHREPORT{waltz:tr72,
  AUTHOR = {David L. Waltz},
  TITLE = {Generating Semantic Descriptions from Drawings of
                 Scenes with Shadows},
  INSTITUTION = {MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory},
  YEAR = {1972},
  OPTNUMBER = {AI-TR-271},
  OPTADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA}
}


@ARTICLE{wang:pami98,
  AUTHOR = {Jason Tsong Li Wang and Bruce A. Shapiro and Dennis
                 Shasha and Kaizhong Zhang and Kathleen M. Currey},
  TITLE = {An Algorithm for Finding the Largest Approximately
                 Common Substructures of Two Trees},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
                 Intelligence},
  VOLUME = {20},
  NUMBER = {8},
  PAGES = {889--895},
  YEAR = {1998},
  URL = {citeseer.nj.nec.com/322637.html}
}


@ARTICLE{warren:compling82,
  TITLE = {An Efficient Easily Adaptable System for Interpreting
                 Natural Language Queries},
  AUTHOR = {David H. D. Warren and Fernando C. N. Pereira},
  JOURNAL = {American Journal of Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {8},
  NUMBER = {3-4},
  PAGES = {110--122},
  YEAR = {1982},
  KEY = {CHAT-80}
}


@TECHREPORT{warren:tr74,
  TITLE = {{WARPLAN}: {A} System for Generating Plans},
  AUTHOR = {David H. D. Warren},
  INSTITUTION = {Department of Computational Logic, University of
                 Edinburgh},
  NUMBER = {Memo No. 76},
  YEAR = {1974}
}


@BOOK{wasserman:book94,
  TITLE = {Social Network Analysis: Methods \& Applications},
  AUTHOR = {S. Wasserman and K. Faust},
  PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, UK},
  YEAR = {1994}
}


@ARTICLE{waters:dis90,
  TITLE = {The Dinosaur Acid Test},
  AUTHOR = {Tom Waters},
  JOURNAL = {Discover},
  MONTH = FEB,
  YEAR = {1990}
}


@ARTICLE{watrous:jasa91,
  TITLE = {Current Status of Peterson-Barney Vowel Formant Data},
  AUTHOR = {Raymond L. Watrous},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
  YEAR = {1991},
  MONTH = MAR,
  VOLUME = {89},
  PAGES = {2459--60},
  NUMBER = {3},
  ANNOTE = {Describes verification of this online version, and
                 includes a full acknowledgement of the many people who
                 participated in locating a complete and correct data
                 set.}
}


@ARTICLE{wbaxt:nc92,
  TITLE = {Improving the accuracy of an artificial neural network
                 using multiple differently trained networks},
  AUTHOR = {William G. Baxt},
  JOURNAL = {Neural Computation},
  VOLUME = {4},
  PAGES = {772--780},
  YEAR = {1992}
}


@PHDTHESIS{wbuntine:thesis90,
  TITLE = {A theory of learning classification rules},
  AUTHOR = {Wray Buntine},
  NUMBER = {Doctoral Dissertation},
  SCHOOL = {University of Technology},
  ADDRESS = {Sydney, Australia},
  YEAR = 1990
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{webb:amlw93,
  TITLE = {Learning Decision Lists by Prepending Inferred Rules},
  AUTHOR = {Geoffrey I. Webb and N. Brki\v{c}},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Australian Workshop on Machine
                 Learning and Hybrid Systems},
  PAGES = {6--10},
  ADDRESS = {Melbourne, Australia},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{webb:jair96,
  TITLE = {Further experimental evidence against the utility of
                 Occam's Razor},
  AUTHOR = {Geoffrey I. Webb},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {4},
  PAGES = {397--417},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@ARTICLE{webb:mlj00,
  AUTHOR = {G. Webb},
  TITLE = {Multiboosting: A technique for combining boosting and wagging},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  YEAR = {2000},
  VOLUME = {40},
  TNUMBER = {2}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{webster:acl,
  TITLE = {Automatic Acquisition of the Lexical Semantics of
                 Verbs From Sentence Frames},
  AUTHOR = {Mort Webster and Mitch Marcus},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-89)},
  YEAR = {1995}
}


@BOOK{webster:dict94,
  AUTHOR = {Webster's},
  TITLE = {Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the
                 English Language},
  PUBLISHER = {Gramercy Books},
  YEAR = {1994},
  ADDRESS = {New York/Avenel}
}


@ARTICLE{wedell:cd80,
  TITLE = {Child deafness and mother-child interaction},
  AUTHOR = {Jacelyn Wedell-Monnig and Joan M. Lumley},
  JOURNAL = {Child Development},
  VOLUME = {51},
  PAGES = {766--774},
  YEAR = {1980}
}


@INCOLLECTION{weigand:nips91,
  AUTHOR = {Andreas S. Weigend and David E. Rumelhart and Bernardo
                 A. Huberman},
  TITLE = {Generalization by Weight-Elimination with Application
                 to Forecasting},
  BOOKTITLE = {{Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
                 3}},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  EDITOR = {Richard P. Lippmann and John E. Moody and David S.
                 Touretzky},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {875--882}
}


@ARTICLE{weigend:ijns90,
  AUTHOR = {Andreas S. Weigend and Bernardo A. Huberman and David
                 E. Rumelhart},
  TITLE = {Predicting the future: {A} connectionist approach.},
  JOURNAL = {International Journal of Neural Systems},
  YEAR = {1990},
  VOLUME = {1},
  PAGES = {193--209}
}


@ARTICLE{weischedel:compling93,
  TITLE = {Coping with Ambiguity and Unknown Words through
                 Probabilistic Models},
  AUTHOR = {R. Weischedel and {et al.}},
  JOURNAL = {Computational Linguistics},
  VOLUME = {19},
  NUMBER = {2},
  PAGES = {359--382},
  YEAR = {1993}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{weiss:awic03,
  AUTHOR = {Jerzy Stefanowski and Dawid Weiss},
  TITLE = {Carrot2 and Language Properties in Web Search Results Clustering},
  BOOKTITLE = {Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence: Advances in Web Intelligence, Proceedings of the First International Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference},
  PAGES = {240-249},
  YEAR = {2003},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag}
}


@BOOK{weiss:book91,
  AUTHOR = {Casimir A. Kulikowski and Sholom M. Weiss},
  TITLE = {Computer Systems That Learn - Classification and
                 Prediction Methods from Statistics, Neural Nets,
                 Machine Learning, and Expert Systems},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Mateo, CA},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{weiss:ijcai89,
  TITLE = {An Empirical Comparison of Pattern Recognition, Neural
                 Nets, and Machine Learning Classification Methods},
  AUTHOR = {Sholom M. Weiss and Ioannis Kapouleas},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89)},
  PAGES = {781--787},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1989},
  ADDRESS = {Detroit, MI},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{weizenbaum:cacm66,
  TITLE = {{ELIZA} -- {A} computer program for the study of
                 natural language communications between men and
                 machines},
  AUTHOR = {Joseph Weizenbaum},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {9},
  PAGES = {36--45},
  YEAR = {1966},
  KEY = {pattern matching}
}


@MISC{weka,
  AUTHOR = {Weka: Machine Learning Software},
  TITLE = {},
  HOWPUBLISHED = {http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/}
}


@MISC{weka-www,
  TITLE = {Weka3: {O}pen {S}ource {M}achine {L}earning {S}oftware in {J}ava},
  HOWPUBLISHED = {\verb+http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ml/weka/+}
}


@ARTICLE{wellman:ai90,
  AUTHOR = {Michael P. Wellman},
  TITLE = {Fundamental Concepts of Qualitative Probabilistic
                 Networks},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1990},
  VOLUME = {44},
  PAGES = {257--303},
  ANNOTE = {}
}


@BOOK{wenger:book87,
  AUTHOR = {Etienne Wenger},
  TITLE = {Artificial Intelligence and Tutoring Systems},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = {1987},
  ADDRESS = {Los Altos, CA}
}


@ARTICLE{werker:devpsych,
  AUTHOR = {Janet F. Werker and Leslie B. Cohen and Valerie L.
                 Lloyd and Marianella Casasola and Christine L. Stager},
  TITLE = {Acquisition of word-object associations by
                 14-month-old infants},
  JOURNAL = {Developmental Psychology},
  YEAR = {in press},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{wermter:book96,
  EDITOR = {Stefan Wermter and Ellen Riloff and Gabrille Scheler},
  TITLE = {Connectionist, Statistical, and Symbolic Approaches to
                 Learning for Natural Language Processing},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {nla}
}


@ARTICLE{wermter:jair97,
  TITLE = {{SCREEN}: Learning a Flat Syntactic and Semantic
                 Spoken Language Analysis Using Artificial Neural
                 Networks},
  AUTHOR = {Stefan Wermter and Volker Weber},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research},
  VOLUME = {6},
  PAGES = {35--85},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@ARTICLE{wettschereck:air97,
  AUTHOR = {D. Wettschereck and D. W. Aha and T. Mohri},
  TITLE = {A Review and Empirical Evaluation of Feature Weighting
                 Methods for a Class of Lazy Learning Algorithms},
  JOURNAL = {AI Review},
  VOLUME = {11},
  PAGES = {273--314},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{white:anlp-wkshp00,
  AUTHOR = {Michael White and Claire Cardie and Chung-Hye Han and
                 Nari Kim and Beonit Lavoie and Martha Palmer and Owen
                 Rambow and Juntae Yoon},
  TITLE = {Towards Translingual Information Access Using Portable
                 Information Extraction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Applied Natural Language Processing
                 and the North American Chapter of the Association for
                 Computational Linguistics (ANLP/NAACL-2000) Workshop on
                 Embedded MT Systems},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  PAGES = {31--37},
  MONTH = APR,
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{whitehall:msl91,
  TITLE = {Theory Completion using Knowledge-Based Learning},
  AUTHOR = {Bradley L. Whitehall and Stephen C. Y. Lu and Robert
                 E. Stepp},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on
                 Multistrategy Learning},
  PAGES = {144--159},
  MONTH = NOV,
  ADDRESS = {Harper's Ferry, W.Va.},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {KBL}
}


@MASTERSTHESIS{whitehall:mthesis87,
  AUTHOR = {Bradley Lane Whitehall},
  TITLE = {Substructure Discovery in Executed Action Sequences},
  SCHOOL = {University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {}
}


@PHDTHESIS{whitehall:thesis90,
  TITLE = {Knowledge-Based Learning: An Integration of Deductive
                 and Inductive Learning for Knowledge Base Completion},
  AUTHOR = {Bradley L. Whitehall},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {University of Illinois},
  INSTITUTION = {Department of Computer Science},
  ADDRESS = {Urbana, IL},
  YEAR = {1990},
  MONTH = OCT,
  NOTE = {Also appears as Technical Report UILU-ENG-90-1776},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{whitehead:aaai91,
  AUTHOR = {Steven D. Whitehead},
  TITLE = {A Complexity Analysis of Cooperative Mechanisms in
                   Reinforcement Learning},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-91)},
  PAGES = {607-613},
  YEAR = 1991
}


@BOOK{whittaker:book90,
  AUTHOR = {Joe Whittaker},
  TITLE = {Graphical Models in Applied Multivariate Statistics},
  PUBLISHER = {John Wiley},
  YEAR = {1990},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  NOTE = {A very readable general textbook on belief networks
                 from a statistical perspective, focusing on ML
                 estimation and model selection}
}


@ARTICLE{widmer:mlj96,
  AUTHOR = {Gerhard Widmer and Miroslav Kubat},
  YEAR = {1996},
  TITLE = {Learning in the Presence of Concept Drift and Hidden
                 Contexts},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {23},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {69--101}
}


@ARTICLE{widmer:mlj98,
  AUTHOR = {Gerhard Widmer and Miroslav Kubat (Eds.)},
  YEAR = {1998},
  TITLE = {Special Issue on Context Sensitivity and Concept
                 Drift},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Learning},
  VOLUME = {32},
  NUMBER = {2}
}


@BOOK{wilensky:book83,
  AUTHOR = {Robert W. Wilensky},
  TITLE = {Planning and Understanding: {A} Computational Approach
                 to Human Reasoning},
  PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley},
  YEAR = {1983},
  ADDRESS = {Reading, MA}
}


@PHDTHESIS{wilensky:thesis78,
  AUTHOR = {Robert W. Wilensky},
  TITLE = {Understanding Goal-Based Stories},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Science, Yale University},
  MONTH = SEP,
  YEAR = {1978},
  ADDRESS = {New Haven, CT},
  NOTE = {Technical Report 140}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{wilkins:aaai88,
  TITLE = {Knowlege Base Refinement Using Apprenticeship Learning
                 Techniques},
  AUTHOR = {David C. Wilkins},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-88)},
  ADDRESS = {St. Paul, MN},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {646--651},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {odysseus expert-systems}
}


@PHDTHESIS{wilkins:thesis87,
  TITLE = {Apprenticeship Learning Techniques for Knowledge Based
                 Systems},
  AUTHOR = {David C. Wilkins},
  NUMBER = {Doctoral Dissertation},
  SCHOOL = {EECS Department, University of Michigan},
  ADDRESS = {Ann Arbor, MI},
  YEAR = {1987},
  KEY = {odysseus phd}
}


@ARTICLE{wilks:ai99,
  AUTHOR = {Yorick Wilks},
  TITLE = {Review of {K}. Sparck Jones and {J}. Galliers,
                 Evaluating Natural Language Processing Systems: An
                 Analysis and Review},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
  YEAR = {1999},
  VOLUME = {107},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {165--170}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{williamson:aips94,
  TITLE = {Optimal Planning with a Goal-Directed Utility Model},
  AUTHOR = {Mike Williamson and Steve Hanks},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Second International Conference of
                 AI Planning Systems},
  MONTH = JUN,
  YEAR = {1994},
  ADDRESS = {Chicago},
  PAGES = {176--181},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{wilson:aie96,
  TITLE = {Instance-Based Learning with Genetically Derived
                 Attribute Weights},
  AUTHOR = {D. Randall Wilson and Tony R. Martinez},
  BOOKTITLE = {International Conference on Artificial Intelligence,
                 Expert Systems and Neural Networks (AIE'96)},
  YEAR = {1996},
  PAGES = {11--14}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{winkler:asa90,
  AUTHOR = {William E. Winkler},
  TITLE = {String Comparator Metrics and Enhanced Decision
                  Rules in the Fellegi-Sunter Model of Record Linkage},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research
                  Methods, American Statistical Association},
  PAGES = {354--359},
  YEAR = 1990
}


@TECHREPORT{winkler:tr02,
  TITLE = {Methods for Record Linkage and {B}ayesian Networks},
  AUTHOR = {William E. Winkler},
  INSTITUTION = {Statistical Research Division, U.S. Census Bureau,
                  Washington, DC},
  YEAR = 2002
}


@TECHREPORT{winkler:tr93,
  TITLE = {Improved Decision Rules in the Fellegi-Sunter Model
                  of Record Linkage},
  AUTHOR = {William E. Winkler},
  INSTITUTION = {Statistical Research Division, U.S. Census Bureau,
                  Washington, DC},
  YEAR = 1993
}


@TECHREPORT{winkler:tr94,
  TITLE = {Advanced Methods for Record Linkage},
  AUTHOR = {William E. Winkler},
  INSTITUTION = {Statistical Research Division, U.S. Census Bureau,
                  Washington, DC},
  YEAR = 1994,
  KEY = {Record linkage, Information integration}
}


@TECHREPORT{winkler:tr99,
  TITLE = {The State of Record Linkage and Current Research
                  Problems},
  AUTHOR = {William E. Winkler},
  INSTITUTION = {Statistical Research Division, U.S. Census Bureau,
                  Washington, DC},
  YEAR = 1999,
  KEY = {Record linkage, Information integration}
}


@BOOK{winograd:book72,
  AUTHOR = {Terry Winograd},
  TITLE = {Understanding Natural Language},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  ADDRESS = {Orlando, FL},
  YEAR = {1972}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{winston:aaai83,
  TITLE = {Learning Physical Descriptions from Functional
                 Definitions, Examples, and Precedents},
  AUTHOR = {Patrick H. Winston and Thomas O. Binford and Boris
                 Katz and Michael R. Lowry},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-83)},
  PAGES = {433--439},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1983},
  ADDRESS = {Washington, D.C.},
  KEY = {cups analogy ebl}
}


@INCOLLECTION{winston:bkchapter75,
  TITLE = {Learning Structural Descriptions from Examples},
  AUTHOR = {Patrick H. Winston},
  BOOKTITLE = {The Psychology of Computer Vision},
  EDITOR = {Patrick H. Winston},
  PUBLISHER = {McGraw-Hill},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {1975},
  KEY = {}
}


@BOOK{winston:book78,
  TITLE = {Artificial Intelligence},
  AUTHOR = {Patrick H. Winston},
  PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley},
  ADDRESS = {Reading, MA},
  YEAR = {1978},
  KEY = {text}
}


@BOOK{winston:book89,
  TITLE = {Lisp},
  AUTHOR = {Patrick H. Winston and Berthold K. P. Horn},
  PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley},
  ADDRESS = {Reading, MA},
  YEAR = {1989},
  KEY = {text}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{wirth:ewsl88,
  TITLE = {Learning by Failure to Prove},
  AUTHOR = {R{\"{u}}diger Wirth},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Third European Working Session on
                 Learning},
  PAGES = {237--251},
  PUBLISHER = {Pitman},
  YEAR = {1988},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{wirth:ewsl89,
  TITLE = {Completing Logic Programs by Inverse Resolution},
  AUTHOR = {R{\"{u}}diger Wirth},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourth European Working Session on
                 Learning},
  YEAR = {1989},
  PUBLISHER = {Pitman},
  PAGES = {239--250}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{wirth:ml91,
  TITLE = {Constraints on Predicate Invention},
  AUTHOR = {R{\"{u}}diger Wirth and Paul O'Rorke},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {457--461},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{wisniewski:cogsci89,
  TITLE = {Learning from Examples: The Effect of Different
                 Conceptual Roles},
  AUTHOR = {Edward J. Wisniewski},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the
                 Cognitive Science Society},
  ADDRESS = {Ann Arbor, MI},
  PAGES = {980--986},
  YEAR = {1989}
}


@BOOK{witten:book99,
  TITLE = {Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and
                 Techniques with {J}ava Implementations},
  AUTHOR = {Ian H. Witten and Eibe Frank},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  YEAR = {1999},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{wogulis:ijcai-ilp93,
  TITLE = {Handling Negation in First-Order Theory Revision},
  AUTHOR = {James Wogulis},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the IJCAI-93 Workshop on Inductive
                 Logic Programming},
  YEAR = {1993},
  ADDRESS = {Chambery, France},
  PAGES = {36--46},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{wogulis:ijcai93,
  TITLE = {A Methodology for Evaluating Theory Revision Systems:
                 Results with {Audrey II}},
  AUTHOR = {James Wogulis and Michael Pazzani},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-93)},
  YEAR = {1993},
  ADDRESS = {Chambery, France},
  PAGES = {1128--1134},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{wogulis:ml91,
  TITLE = {Revising Relational Domain Theories},
  AUTHOR = {James Wogulis},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on
                 Machine Learning},
  PAGES = {462--466},
  MONTH = JUN,
  ADDRESS = {Evanston, IL},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {AUDREY}
}


@PHDTHESIS{wogulis:thesis94,
  TITLE = {An Approach to Repairing and Evaluating First-Order
                 Theories Containing Multiple Concepts and Negation},
  AUTHOR = {James Wogulis},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Information and Computer Science,
                 University of California},
  ADDRESS = {Irvine, CA},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {AUDREY A3}
}


@INCOLLECTION{wolff:bkchapter87,
  TITLE = {Cognitive development as optimisation},
  AUTHOR = {J. Gerard Wolff},
  BOOKTITLE = {Computational Models of Learning},
  EDITOR = {L. Bolc},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  YEAR = {1987}
}


@ARTICLE{wolff:lac82,
  TITLE = {Language Acquisition, Data Compression, and
                 Generalization},
  AUTHOR = {J. Gerard Wolff},
  JOURNAL = {Language and Communication},
  VOLUME = {2},
  PAGES = {57--89},
  YEAR = {1982},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{wolpert:compsys92,
  TITLE = {On the Connection Between In-Sample Testing and
                 Generalization Error},
  AUTHOR = {David H. Wolpert},
  JOURNAL = {Complex Systems},
  VOLUME = {6},
  PAGES = {47--94},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {bias, no free lunch theorems, conservation law}
}


@ARTICLE{wolpert:nn92,
  AUTHOR = {David H. Wolpert},
  TITLE = {Stacked Generalization},
  JOURNAL = {Neural Networks},
  VOLUME = {5},
  PAGES = {241-259},
  YEAR = 1992
}


@BOOK{wong:book97,
  TITLE = {Web Client Programming},
  AUTHOR = {Clinton Wong},
  PUBLISHER = {O'Reilly and Associates},
  YEAR = {1997},
  ADDRESS = {Sebastopol, CA},
  KEY = {IR}
}


@INCOLLECTION{woods:bkchapter77,
  AUTHOR = {William A. Woods},
  TITLE = {Lunar rocks in natural {English}: Explorations in
                 natural language question answering},
  BOOKTITLE = {Linguistic Structures Processing},
  EDITOR = {Antonio Zampoli},
  PUBLISHER = {Elsevier North-Holland},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  YEAR = {1977}
}


@INCOLLECTION{woods:bkchapter78,
  TITLE = {Semantics and Quantification in Natural Language
                 Question Answering},
  AUTHOR = {William A. Woods},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Computers, vol. 17},
  EDITOR = {Marshall Yovits},
  PUBLISHER = {Academic Press},
  ADDRESS = {New York},
  PAGES = {2--64},
  YEAR = {1978},
  NOTE = {Reprinted in {\it Readings in Natural Language
                 Processing}, Barbar J. Grosz, Karen {Spark Jones}, and
                 Bonnie {Lynn Webber} (eds.), Morgan Kaufman, Los Altos,
                 CA, 1986.},
  KEY = {LUNAR}
}


@ARTICLE{woods:cacm70,
  TITLE = {Transition Network Grammars for Natural Language
                 Analysis},
  AUTHOR = {William A. Woods},
  JOURNAL = {Communications of the Association for Computing
                 Machinery},
  VOLUME = {13},
  PAGES = {591--606},
  YEAR = {1970},
  KEY = {}
}


@PHDTHESIS{woodward:dsst,
  TITLE = {The role of the whole object assumption in early word
                 learning},
  AUTHOR = {Amanda L. Woodward},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Stanford University},
  INSTITUTION = {Department of Psychology},
  ADDRESS = {Stanford, CA},
  YEAR = {1992},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{woodward:icis98,
  TITLE = {Babies' learning about words and non-word signals in a
                 communicative context},
  AUTHOR = {Amanda L. Woodward},
  BOOKTITLE = {11th Biennial International Conference on Infant
                 Studies},
  ADDRESS = {Atlanta, GA},
  MONTH = APR,
  PAGES = {},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INCOLLECTION{wrobel:bkchapter01,
  AUTHOR = {Stefan Wrobel},
  TITLE = {Inductive Logic Programming for Knowledge Discovery in
                 Databases},
  BOOKTITLE = {Relational Data Mining},
  EDITOR = {Sa\u{s}o D\u{z}eroski and Nada Lavra\u{c}},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer Verlag},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@INCOLLECTION{wrobel:bkchapter96,
  TITLE = {First Order Theory Refinement},
  AUTHOR = {Stefan Wrobel},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Inductive Logic Programming},
  EDITOR = {Luc {De Raedt}},
  PUBLISHER = {IOS Press},
  ADDRESS = {Amsterdam},
  PAGES = {14--33},
  YEAR = 1996,
  KEY = {ILP}
}


@ARTICLE{wu:mt95,
  AUTHOR = {Dekai Wu and Xuanyin Xia},
  TITLE = {Large-Scale Automatic Extraction of an
                 {English}-{Chinese} Translation Lexicon},
  JOURNAL = {Machine Translation},
  YEAR = 1995,
  VOLUME = 9,
  NUMBER = {3-4},
  PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  ADDRESS = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands},
  PAGES = {285--313}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{wysotzki:ijcai83,
  AUTHOR = {Fritz Wysotzki},
  TITLE = {Representation and Induction of Infinite Concepts and
                 Recursive Action Sequences},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-83)},
  YEAR = 1983,
  PAGES = {409--414},
  ADDRESS = {Karlsruhe, West Germany}
}


@ARTICLE{xenarios:nar01,
  TITLE = {{DIP}: The database of interacting proteins: 2001
                 update},
  AUTHOR = {I. Xenarios and E. Fernandez and L. Salwinski and X.
                 J. Duan and M. J. Thompson and E. M. Marcotte and D.
                 Eisenberg},
  JOURNAL = {Nucleic Acids Research},
  VOLUME = 29,
  NUMBER = 1,
  PAGES = {239--241},
  YEAR = 2001,
  KEY = {compbio}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{xing:nips03,
  AUTHOR = {Eric P. Xing and Andrew Y. Ng and Michael I. Jordan and Stuart Russell},
  TITLE = {Distance Metric Learning, with Application to Clustering with Side-Information},
  BOOKTITLE = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15},
  ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA},
  PAGES = {505--512},
  PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
  YEAR = 2003
}


@ARTICLE{yacoob:cviu99,
  AUTHOR = {Yaser Yacoob and Michael J. Black},
  TITLE = {Parameterized modeling and recognition of activities},
  JOURNAL = {Computer Vision and Image Understanding},
  YEAR = {to appear}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{yang:ijcai91,
  AUTHOR = {Der-Shung Yang and Larry A. Rendell and Gunnar Blix},
  TITLE = {A Scheme for Feature Construction and a Comparison of
                 Empirical Methods},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Twelfth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-91)},
  YEAR = {1991},
  PAGES = {699--704},
  ADDRESS = {Sydney, Australia}
}


@ARTICLE{yang:irj99,
  AUTHOR = {Yiming Yang},
  TITLE = {An Evaluation of Statistical Approaches to Text
                 Categorization},
  JOURNAL = {Journal of Information Retrieval},
  MONTH = MAY,
  YEAR = {1999},
  VOLUME = {1},
  NUMBER = {1/2},
  PAGES = {67--88}
}


@ARTICLE{yang:is99,
  AUTHOR = {Yiming Yang and Jaime G. Carbonell and Ralf Brown and
                 Tom Pierce and Brian Archibald and Xin Liu},
  TITLE = {Learning approaches for detecting and tracking news
                 events},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Intelligent Systems},
  VOLUME = {14},
  NUMBER = {4},
  PAGES = {32--43},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{yang:kdd01,
  AUTHOR = {Cheng Yang and Usama Fayyad and Paul Bradley},
  TITLE = {Efficient Discovery of Error-Tolerant Frequent
                 Itemsets in High Dimensions},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Seventh ACM SIGKDD International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2001)},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  PAGES = {194--203},
  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {2001}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{yang:ml97,
  AUTHOR = {Yiming Yang and Jan O. Pedersen},
  TITLE = {A Comparative Study on Feature Selection in Text
                 Categorization},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference
                 on Machine Learning (ICML-97)},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {San Francisco, CA},
  YEAR = {1997},
  PAGES = {412--420}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{yang:sigir99,
  TITLE = {A Re-Examination of Text Cateogrization Methods},
  AUTHOR = {Yiming Yang and Xin Liu},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 22nd International ACM SIGIR
                 Conference on Research and Development in Information
                 Retrieval},
  YEAR = {1999},
  ADDRESS = {Berkeley, CA}
}


@TECHREPORT{yang:tr97,
  TITLE = {An Evaluation of Statistical Approaches to Text
                 Categorization},
  AUTHOR = {Yiming Yang},
  INSTITUTION = {Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon
                 University},
  NUMBER = {CMU-CS-97-127},
  YEAR = {1997}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{yap-optim,
  AUTHOR = {Santos Costa, V\'{\i}tor},
  TITLE = {Optimising Bytecode Emulation for Prolog},
  BOOKTITLE = {LNCS 1702, Proceedings of PPDP'99},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer-Verlag},
  MONTH = {September},
  PAGES = {261--267},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{yarowsky:acl94,
  AUTHOR = {David Yarowsky},
  TITLE = {Decision Lists for Lexical Ambiguity Resolution:
                 Application to Accent Restoration in {Spanish} and
                 {French}},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-94)},
  YEAR = {1994},
  PAGES = {88--95},
  ADDRESS = {Las Cruces, NM}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{yarowsky:acl95,
  TITLE = {Unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation Rivaling
                 Supervised Methods},
  AUTHOR = {David Yarowsky},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the
                 Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL-95)},
  YEAR = {1995},
  PAGES = {189--196}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{yarowsky:coling92,
  TITLE = {Word-Sense Disambiguation Using Statistical Methods of
                 {Roget}'s Categories Trained on Large Corpora},
  AUTHOR = {David Yarowsky},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fourteenth International
                 Conference on Computational Linguistics},
  YEAR = {1992},
  PAGES = {454--460}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{yedidia:nips00,
  AUTHOR = {Jonathan S. Yedidia and William T. Freeman and Yair Weiss},
  TITLE = {Generalized Belief Propagation},
  BOOKTITLE = {NIPS-2000},
  YEAR = 2000,
  PAGES = {689--695}
}


@INCOLLECTION{yoo:bkchapter91,
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  BOOKTITLE = {Concept Formation: Knowledge and Experience in
                 Unspervised Learning},
  PUBLISHER = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  ADDRESS = {Palo Alto, CA},
  YEAR = {1991},
  EDITOR = {Douglas Fisher and Michael Pazzani and Pat Langley},
  KEY = {exor}
}


@ARTICLE{yoshio:nn91,
  AUTHOR = {Yoshio Hirose and Koichi Yamashita and Shimpei
                 Hijiya},
  TITLE = {Back-propagation Algorithm Which Varies the Number of
                 Hidden Units},
  JOURNAL = {Neural Networks},
  VOLUME = {4},
  PAGES = {61--66},
  YEAR = {1991}
}


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  JOURNAL = {Cognitive Science},
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  YEAR = {1981},
  KEY = {student modeling}
}


@ARTICLE{zadeh:ic65,
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@INPROCEEDINGS{zadrozny:icml01,
  AUTHOR = {Bianca Zadrozny and Charles Elkan},
  TITLE = {Obtaining Calibrated Probability Estimates from
                  Decision Trees and Naive Bayesian Classifiers},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Machine
                 Learning (ICML-2001)},
  ADDRESS = {Williamstown, MA},
  YEAR = 2001
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{zadrozny:kdd02,
  AUTHOR = {Bianca Zadrozny and Charles Elkan},
  TITLE = {Transforming classifier scores into accurate
                  multiclass probability estimates},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eighth ACM SIGKDD International
                 Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
                 (KDD-2002)},
  YEAR = 2002,
  ADDRESS = {Edmonton, Alberta}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{zelezny:ilp02,
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  TITLE = {Lattice-Search Runtime Distributions May Be Heavy-Tailed},
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}


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  TITLE = {Learning Semantic Grammars with Constructive Inductive
                 Logic Programming},
  AUTHOR = {John M. Zelle and Raymond J. Mooney},
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  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{zelle:aaai94,
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  AUTHOR = {John M. Zelle and Raymond J. Mooney},
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                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94)},
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  MONTH = AUG,
  YEAR = {1994},
  ADDRESS = {Seattle, WA},
  KEY = {}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{zelle:aaai96,
  TITLE = {Learning to Parse Database Queries Using Inductive
                 Logic Programming},
  AUTHOR = {John M. Zelle and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96)},
  ADDRESS = {Portland, OR},
  MONTH = AUG,
  PAGES = {1050--1055},
  YEAR = {1996}
}


@INCOLLECTION{zelle:bkchapter96,
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  TITLE = {Comparative Results on Using Inductive Logic
                 Programming for Corpus-based Parser Construction},
  BOOKTITLE = {Connectionist, Statistical, and Symbolic Approaches to
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                 Scheler},
  PAGES = {355--369},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  YEAR = {1996},
  KEY = {ilp nla}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{zelle:ijcai93,
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  TITLE = {Combining {FOIL} and {EBG} to Speed-up Logic
                 Programs},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint
                 Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-93)},
  YEAR = {1993},
  PAGES = {1106--1111},
  ADDRESS = {Chambery, France}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{zelle:ilp95,
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  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on
                 Inductive Logic Programming (ILP-95)},
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  ADDRESS = {Leuven, Belgium}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{zelle:ml92,
  TITLE = {Speeding-up Logic Programs by Combining {EBG} and
                 {FOIL}},
  AUTHOR = {John M. Zelle and Raymond J. Mooney},
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  MONTH = JUL,
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  ADDRESS = {Aberdeen, Scotland},
  KEY = {DOLPHIN}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{zelle:ml94,
  TITLE = {Combining Top-Down and Bottom-Up Methods in Inductive
                 Logic Programming},
  AUTHOR = {John M. Zelle and Raymond J. Mooney},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference
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  MONTH = JUL,
  PAGES = {343--351},
  ADDRESS = {New Brunswick, NJ},
  YEAR = {1994},
  KEY = {CHILL, ILP}
}


@PHDTHESIS{zelle:thesis95,
  TITLE = {Using Inductive Logic Programming to Automate the
                 Construction of Natural Language Parsers},
  AUTHOR = {John M. Zelle},
  NUMBER = {Ph.D. Thesis},
  SCHOOL = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1995},
  MONTH = AUG,
  NOTE = {Also appears as Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
                 Technical Report AI 96-249},
  KEY = {CHILL}
}


@TECHREPORT{zelle:tr93,
  AUTHOR = {John M. Zelle},
  NUMBER = {AI93-200},
  TITLE = {Learning Search-Control Heuristics for Logic Programs:
                 Applications to Speed-up Learning and Language
                 Acquisition},
  INSTITUTION = {Department of Computer Sciences, University of Texas},
  ADDRESS = {Austin, TX},
  YEAR = {1993},
  KEY = {}
}


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                 Learning},
  YEAR = {2001}
}


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  PAGES = {91--112},
  PUBLISHER = {Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates},
  ADDRESS = {Hillsdale, NJ},
  YEAR = {1991},
  KEY = {}
}


@ARTICLE{zernick:compling87,
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  NUMBER = {3-4},
  PAGES = {308--327},
  YEAR = {1987}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{zernick:ijcai87,
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                 Phrases},
  AUTHOR = {Uri Zernik},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint
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  YEAR = {1987},
  PAGES = {125--132},
  ADDRESS = {Milan, Italy}
}


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@ARTICLE{zhang:siam89,
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@ARTICLE{zhang:tmi01,
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  TITLE = {Hidden {M}arkov Random Field Model and Segmentation of Brain {MR} Images},
  JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
  YEAR = {2001},
  VOLUME = {20},
  NUMBER = {1},
  PAGES = {45-57}
}


@TECHREPORT{zhang:tr00,
  AUTHOR = {Y. Zhang and S.~M. Smith and M. Brady},
  TITLE = {Hidden {M}arkov Random Field Model and Segmentation of Brain {MR} Images},
  INSTITUTION = {Oxford Center for FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital},
  NUMBER = {TR00YZ1},
  YEAR = {2000}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{zheng:ecml98,
  TITLE = {Naive {Bayesian} Classifier Committees},
  AUTHOR = {Z. Zheng},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Machine
                 Learning},
  PUBLISHER = {Springer-Verlag},
  PAGES = {196--207},
  ADDRESS = {Berlin},
  YEAR = {1998}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{zheng:icdm02,
  AUTHOR = {Z. Zheng and B. Padmanabhan},
  TITLE = {On active learning for data acquisition},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Data Mining},
  YEAR = 2002
}


@UNPUBLISHED{zheng:tr04,
  AUTHOR = {Z. Zheng and B. Padmanabhan},
  TITLE = { Knowing better whether knowing more: a method for selective acquisitions of additional customer information.},
  NOTE = {Working paper, OPIM Dept, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania},
  YEAR = 2004
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{zhou:aaai99,
  TITLE = {Delivering hints in a dialogue-based intelligent
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  AUTHOR = {Yujian Zhou and Reva Freedman and Michael Glass and
                 Joel A. Michael and Allen A. Rovick and Martha W.
                 Evens},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Sixteenth National Conference on
                 Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-99)},
  PAGES = {128--134},
  ADDRESS = {Orlando, FL},
  YEAR = {1999}
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{zhu:icml-wkshp03,
  AUTHOR = {X. Zhu and J. Lafferty and Z. Ghahramani},
  TITLE = {Combining Active Learning and Semi-Supervised Learning Using {G}aussian Fields and Harmonic Functions},
  BOOKTITLE = {Proc. of the ICML Workshop on the Continuum from Labeled to Unlabeled Data},
  PAGES = {58-65},
  YEAR = 2003
}


@BOOK{zipf:book49,
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  AUTHOR = {George K. Zipf},
  PUBLISHER = {Addison-Wesley},
  ADDRESS = {New York, NY},
  YEAR = {1949}
}


@ARTICLE{zweben:ai92,
  AUTHOR = {Monte Zweben and Eugene Davis and Brian Daun and Ellen
                 Drascher and Michael Deale and Megan Eskey},
  TITLE = {Learning to Improve Constraint-Based Scheduling},
  JOURNAL = {Artificial Intelligence},
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  VOLUME = {58},
  PAGES = {271--296}
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