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Certificates.
Validators generate and exchange certificates, which contain proposed transactions along with other information. Certificates are the vertices of the DAG.
Certificates have a rich structure, but we model only the information needed for our purposes.
In AleoBFT, there is a distinction between proposals and certificates, with the latter being an extension of the former with endorsing signatures. Currently we do not model proposals, but just certificates, because we treat the Narwhal aspects of AleoBFT somewhat abstractly; see transitions-create-certificate.