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Certificates associated to validators according to various criteria.
We introduce various notions of certificates associated to validators, used to formulate correctness properties of the protocol.
One notion is that of all the certificates ``owned'' by a validator, in the sense that either the validator has the certificate or the certificate is in a network message addressed to the validator. The latter represents a ``promise'' that the validator may/will eventually obtain the certificate.
Another notion is that of all the certificates signed by a validator.
A third notion is that of all the certificates accepted by a validator, i.e. received from the network, and present in the buffer or DAG. These are a subset of the owned certificates (the notion described above).