ACL2 Version 2.2 Installation Guide

Table of Contents



Requirements

ACL2 Version 2.2 Copyright (C) 1998 University of Texas at Austin. ACL2 is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. See below for details.

ACL2 works on the Unix (and some variants, including Linux) and Macintosh operating systems. It is built on top of any of the following Common Lisps: Allegro, GCL (Gnu Common Lisp) [or, AKCL], Lispworks, Lucid, and MCL (Macintosh Common Lisp).

We have successfully run a small but nontrivial test suite on a Sparc 2 with 16 megabytes of main memory, but performance appears better with more memory. For more on this, see Problems.


Obtaining and Installing ACL2



Solaris 2.5 Sparc



Debian GNU/Linux



Invoking ACL2

At this point, dir has a subdirectory called acl2-sources. The sources and an executable image are located on that subdirectory. The executable image is called acl2-sources/saved_acl2. You can invoke ACL2 by running that image, e.g.,

mycomputer% dir/acl2-sources/saved_acl2

To make it easy to invoke ACL2 by typing a short command, e.g.,

mycomputer% acl2

you may want to install an executable file on your path, e.g., /usr/local/bin/acl2, containing the following two lines:

#!/bin/sh
exec dir/acl2-sources/saved_acl2 dir/acl2-sources/

When you invoke ACL2, you should see the host Common Lisp print a header concerning the ACL2 version, license and copyright.

Some hosts then automatically enter the ACL2 ``command loop,'' an ACL2 read-eval-print loop with the prompt: 

ACL2 !>
Other hosts will leave you in Common Lisp's read-eval-print loop. If yours is one of the latter, evaluate the Common Lisp expression (ACL2::LP) or simply (LP) if the current package is "ACL2".

Once in the ACL2 command loop, you can type an ACL2 term, typically followed by ``return'' or ``enter,'' and ACL2 will evaluate the term, print its value, and prompt you for another one. Below are three simple interactions: 

ACL2 !>t
T
ACL2 !>'abc
ABC
ACL2 !>(+ 2 2)
4

To get out of the ACL2 command loop, type the :q command. This returns you to the host Common Lisp. We sometimes call this ``raw Lisp.'' You may re-enter the command loop with (LP) as above.

Note that when you are in raw Lisp you can overwrite or destroy ACL2 by executing inappropriate Common Lisp expressions. All bets are off once you've exited our loop. That said, many users do it. For example, you might exit our loop, activate some debugging or trace features in raw Lisp, and then reenter our loop. While developing proofs or tracking down problems, this is reasonable behavior.

Now you are ready to test your image.


Testing ACL2

An easy way to test the theorem prover is to type the following term to the ACL2 command loop: 

:mini-proveall
This will cause a moderately long sequence of commands to be processed, each of which is first printed out as though you had typed it. Each will print some text, generally a proof of some conjecture. None should fail.

A more elaborate test is to certify the ``books'' that come with the distribution. These ``books'' have been contributed mainly by users and are on the subdirectory acl2-sources/books. See acl2-sources/books/README for information. The general topic of books is discussed thoroughly in the ACL2 documentation; see the BOOKS node in the documentation tree.

Books should be ``certified'' before they are used. We do not distribute certificates with our books, mainly because certification produces compiled code specific to the host. You should certify the books locally as a test of your ACL2 image.

It is easy to re-certify all the distributed books in Unix. We recommend you do this. If you have entered ACL2, exit to the operating system, e.g., by control-d in many systems. While connected to dir/acl2-sources, execute 

make certify-books-test
This will create several megabytes of output and take several hours. To remove the output, stand in the same directory as above and execute: 
rm -f books/*.log
rm -f books/*/*.out
rm -f books/*/*.log
We apologize to non-Unix users: we do not provide non-Unix instructions for recertifying the distributed books. The certification methods provided by the authors of the books vary greatly and we codified them in the Unix makefile used above. Most subdirectories of acl2-sources/books contain either a README file or a certify.lisp file. Users who wish to certify one of these books and who cannot figure out (from these scant clues) what to type to ACL2 should not hesitate to contact the authors.

Next proceed to the section on Documentation.


Building ACL2 on Unix (Linux) Systems

Since we do not distribute an image for your system, you will have to build one. Assuming you are connected to dir as above, execute

cd acl2-sources
make LISP=xxx

where xxx is the command to run your local Common Lisp. (By default, if no LISP=xxx is specified, LISP=gcl is used.)

The time taken to carry out this process depends on the host processor but may be an hour or two. The size of the resulting binary image is dependent on which Lisp was used, but it may be in the vicinity of 17 megabytes.

This make works for the Common Lisps listed in Requirements above. It may only work on Sun Sparcs and 486/66 PCs, for all we know about the portability of Unix makefile code. See the file acl2-sources/makefile for further details. If this make command does not work for you, please see the instructions for non-Unix systems below.

You can now skip to Invoking ACL2.



Building ACL2 on Non-Unix Systems

Create a subdirectory of dir named acl2-sources.

Open an ftp connection to ftp.cs.utexas.edu by anonymous login and ftp to the local acl2-sources subdirectory all of the files and directories in and below the ftp directory pub/moore/acl2/v2-2/acl2-sources. You may link to our ftp sources directory by clicking here.

You will find that pub/moore/acl2/v2-2/acl2-sources contains many files, subdirectories, sub-subdirectories, etc. We mean for you to copy over to your local connected directory the entire structure of files and subdirectories. Thus, when this ftp operation is done, your local connected directory should have a subdirectory named acl2-sources and it should contain (at some level) everything obtained by the ftp. Your local acl2-sources subdirectory will now look exactly as though you had obtained our acl2.tar.gz and done the gunzip, tar and rm steps of the Unix instructions.

Next we describe how to create a suitable binary image containing ACL2. This takes some time and you are urged first to find out (perhaps from a local Common Lisp authority) how to save the resulting image so that it does not have to be constructed from scratch each time you wish to use ACL2. The time taken to carry out the initialization process depends on the host processor but may be an hour or two. The size of the resulting binary image is dependent on which Lisp was used, but it may be in the vicinity of 17 megabytes. See the file mcl-acl2-startup.lisp for Macintosh directions.

Invoke your local Common Lisp, which should be one of those listed in Requirements above. Filenames in this Lisp session should default to the dir/acl2-sources directory, e.g., for GCL, connect to dir/acl2-sources before invoking GCL or, after entering GCL, do (si::chdir "dir/acl2-sources/").

Then type the following sequence of Lisp commands, 

(load "acl2.lisp")
(in-package "ACL2")
(compile-acl2)

The commands above will compile the ACL2 sources and create compiled object files on your acl2-sources subdirectory. Now exit your Common Lisp and invoke a fresh copy of it (mainly to avoid saving an image with the garbage created by the compilation process). Again arrange to connect to the acl2-sources subdirectory. In the fresh lisp type: 

(load "acl2.lisp")
(in-package "ACL2")
(load-acl2)
(initialize-acl2)

This will load the new object files in the Lisp image and bootstrap ACL2 by reading and processing the source files. But the attempt at initialization will end in an error! The message will say that it is impossible to finish because a certain file was compiled during the processing, thus dirtying the image yet again. So now exit your Common Lisp and invoke a fresh copy of it (again arranging to connect to your acl2-sources subdirectory). Then, in the fresh lisp type: 

(load "acl2.lisp")   ; (load "acl2-init.lisp") ; if to use our save
(in-package "ACL2")
(quick-compile-acl2 t t)
(initialize-acl2)

This will load the new object files into the Lisp image, and bootstrap ACL2 by reading and processing the source files. This run will succeed and leave you at the top level of your Lisp.

If you were to invoke (LP) now, you will enter the ACL2 command loop as discussed in Invoking ACL2. However, we recommend that instead of doing this you save the current image to an executable file using whatever save mechanism exist in your Common Lisp. For consistency with these installation instructions, we suggest you save the binary image to the file named dir/acl2-sources/saved_acl2. The function save-acl2 in file acl2-init.lisp shows how we save an image in various Common Lisps.

You may now proceed to Invoking ACL2.


Documentation

ACL2's documentation is a hypertext document that, if printed in book form, is about 800 pages or about 1.5 megabytes of text. Its hypertext character makes it far more pleasing to read with an interactive browser. The documentation is available in four formats: HTML, Texinfo, Postscript and ACL2 documentation strings. All of this material is copyrighted by the University of Texas at Austin and is derived under the GNU General Public License from material copyrighted by Computational Logic, Inc.

Two Web-based guided tours of ACL2 are available from the home page noted below. If you are already familiar with Nqthm, you might find it useful to look at the documentation node NQTHM-TO-ACL2. Another useful documentation topic for beginning ACL2 users is the node TUTORIAL.

HTML

The ACL2 Home Page is 

http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/moore/acl2/index.html
The home page provides a selected bibliography, guided tours of the system, and the complete hypertext documentation tree.

Once you have installed ACL2, the HTML form of the documentation is available locally as dir/acl2-sources/doc/HTML/acl2-doc.html.

We urge you to browse your local copy of the documentation rather than our Web copy, simply to reduce Web traffic and the demand on our server.

Emacs Info

This is a very convenient format for accessing the ACL2 documentation from within Emacs. In Emacs, invoke 

meta-x info
and then, if you are unfamiliar with Info, type 
control-h m
to see a list of commands available. In particular, type

g (dir/acl2-sources/doc/EMACS/acl2-doc-emacs.info)TOP

to enter the ACL2 documentation. Alternatively, your system administrator can add an ACL2 node to the top-level Info menu. The appropriate entry might read:

* ACL2 i.j: (dir/acl2-sources/doc/EMACS/acl2-doc-emacs).
          Documentation for ACL2 version i.j.

If you are using Lucid Emacs instead of Gnu Emacs, you will find it more aesthetic to use

dir/acl2-sources/doc/LEMACS/acl2-doc-lemacs.info

instead of

dir/acl2-sources/doc/EMACS/acl2-doc-emacs.info.

Note: The Emacs Info and Postscript versions of our documentation were created using the file acl2-sources/doc/texinfo.tex which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, Inc. (See that file for copyright and license information.)

Postscript

A Postscript file containing all the documentation is in

dir/acl2-sources/doc/TEX/acl2-book.ps.

The file currently prints out as about 800 pages. There is an Index, followed by a Table of Contents, both at the end of the document. The corresponding .tex file is also provided.

ACL2 Documentation Strings

The ACL2 system has facilities for browsing the documentation. However this requires that the documentation be stored as strings in the Lisp image. To save space, the images mentioned so far in this document do not contain resident documentation strings. To build such an image on a Unix system, invoke

make large LISP=xxx

while connected to the acl2-sources directory. The xxx above should be replaced by the name of your local Common Lisp. This will create dir/acl2-sources/saved_acl2 (note that this is the same name previously used for the image without documentation strings). The new image may be 30 megabytes in size and may take an hour or two to build. For non-Unix systems, the ``large'' image can be built in your local Common Lisp by 

(load "acl2.lisp")
(in-package "ACL2")
(compile-acl2 nil)
(load-acl2 nil)
(initialize-acl2 'include-book *acl2-pass-2-files* nil)
Non-Unix users should then save the image to an executable binary file.

Once you have an image of ACL2 containing documentation strings, and you are in the ACL2 command loop, you may query the documentation on a given topic by typing the command

:doc topic

where topic is the Lisp symbol naming the topic you want to learn about. To learn more about the on-line documentation, type :help and then return.

This completes the installation of ACL2 Version 2.2. You may wish to return to the Table of Contents.


Summary of Distribution

A list of all files may be found in the file all-files.txt. The distribution includes the following. 
README.html; This file
acl2-sources/
  LICENSE  ; GNU General Public License
  TAGS     ; Handy for looking at source files with emacs
  *.lisp   ; ACL2 source files.
  all-files.txt   ; List of all files in this directory and subdirectories
  books/   ; Examples, potentially useful in others' proofs.  See books/README.
  doc/     ; ACL2 documentation in various formats
  emacs/   ; Miscellaneous emacs and file utilities, not well documented
  init.lsp ; Useful for building the system.
  interface/
    emacs/ ; Support for ACL2 "proof trees".  See interface/emacs/README.doc.
    infix/ ; ACL2 infix printer by Mike Smith.  See interface/infix/README.
  makefile ; For Unix make.  See README.
  saved/   ; Empty directory for backing up copies during make; not important
acl2.tar.gz; gzip'd tar file containing all of acl2-sources/ (see below)
acl2.tar.gz.SUM ; result of our running sum acl2.tar.gz
images/    ; Some gzip'd tar'd executables; see images/README.
split/     ; The result of splitting up acl2.tar.gz; see split/README


Saving Space

For those really pressed for space, we note that it is not necessary to fetch the whole acl2.tar.gz file in order to build acl2. That file includes more than just the ACL2 sources proper. It suffices, for building ACL2, via the instructions above, to fetch only the acl2-sources/*.lisp files, which take up `only' about 5 megabytes, together with the files acl2-sources/makefile and acl2-sources/init.lsp.

Problems

If you have difficulties with ftp time outs after establishing an ftp connection, please try logging in again using a dash (-) as the first character of your password -- this will turn off the continuation messages that may be confusing your ftp client. If that doesn't solve your problems, and you have encountered problems ftping the long file acl2.tar.gz because your get times out, an alternative is to get all of the many files in the directory split/, each of which matches the pattern split-acl2.tar.gz* (e.g., using an `mget' command). Once you have got all these files, concatenate them together in alphabetic order, e.g., with the command 
cat split-acl2.tar.gz* > acl2.tar.gz

If you are using Version 3.2.0 of Lispworks, there is probably a bug in the definition of logeqv. Harlequin has sent us a patch; if anyone asks us for it, we will ask Harlequin if we may forward their patch.

If you are running on GCL or AKCL on a machine with only 16 megabytes of RAM, it may be a good idea to have a file ~/acl2-init.lsp containing the following form, which will help to keep the ACL2 process small as you are running it: 

(setq acl2::*acl2-allocation-alist* nil).
In one test on a not-quite-current version of the system, we found the following times (minutes:seconds) using a Sparc 2. 
31:42	64 megabytes main memory
33:37	64 megabytes main memory, using the SETQ form above
63:52	16 megabytes main memory
43:09	16 megabytes main memory, using the SETQ form above

If you are running Linux Slackware v3.0:

Thanks to Vanderlei Moraes Rodrigues for the Slackware notes.


Useful Addresses

If you would like to join the ACL2 mailing list, acl2@cs.utexas.edu, send a message to acl2-request@cs.utexas.edu. We handle the mailing list manually. To send a message to all who receive ACL2 mail, send the message to acl2@cs.utexas.edu. Finally, please report bugs in ACL2 to acl2-bugs@cs.utexas.edu.

Export/Re-Export Limitations

ACL2 may be exported to any countries except those subject to embargoes under various laws administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC") of the U. S. Department of the Treasury.

License and Copyright

ACL2 Version 2.2 -- A Computational Logic for Applicative Common Lisp
Copyright (C) 1998 University of Texas at Austin

This version of ACL2 is a descendent of ACL2 Version 1.9, Copyright (C) 1997 Computational Logic, Inc.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Matt Kaufmann (Kaufmann@aus.edsr.eds.com)
J Strother Moore (Moore@cs.utexas.edu)

Department of Computer Sciences
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, TX 78712-1188 U.S.A.