John broke the window with the hammer.
John broke the window.
The hammer broke the window.
The window broke.

These could all refer to (parts of) the same deep case structure:

Break1:
   Tok:        Break
   Modality:   Tense past, Voice active, ...
   Agent:      John
   Object:     Window
   Instrument: Hammer

Such a case structure can also be represented as a semantic network:

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