Production systems can be traced back to the pandemonium model of Selfridge, in which many demons observe a body of data; each responds when it sees the particular pattern in the data that it is looking for. The model is inherently highly parallel; it is intended to model the way the brain achieves intelligent and rapid responses to new information using relatively slow components.

A production system has two memories:

1. A production memory, or long-term memory, containing the production rules.
2. A working memory, or short-term memory, containing data about the current problem.

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