• Perhaps the most successful reuse technology

• Factor of 5 speedup in programming [Brooks 75].

• Abstraction: instruction patterns ( e.g., loops, if-then-else, array references).

• Selection: memorize the programming language.

• Specialization: fill in the slots in the instruction pattern.

• Integration: link editor

• Cognitive distance: often large. System design must precede coding; low level of abstraction.

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