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Variety Wins: Soccer-Playing Robots and Infant Walking.
Ori Ossmy, Justine E. Hoch, Patrick
MacAlpine, Shohan Hasan, Peter Stone, and Karen E. Adolph.
Frontiers
in Neurorobotics, 12:19, 2018.
Available from the publisher's
webpage
Although both infancy and artificial intelligence (AI) researchers are interested in developing systems that produce adaptive, functional behavior, the two disciplines rarely capitalize on their complementary expertise. Here, we used soccer-playing robots to test a central question about the development of infant walking. During natural activity, infants' locomotor paths are immensely varied. They walk along curved, multi-directional paths with frequent starts and stops. Is the variability observed in spontaneous infant walking a "feature" or a "bug"? In other words, is variability beneficial for functional walking performance? To address this question, we trained soccer-playing robots on walking paths generated by infants during free play and tested them in simulated games of "RoboCup." In Tournament 1, we compared the functional performance of a simulated robot soccer team trained on infants' natural paths with teams trained on less varied, geometric paths—straight lines, circles, and squares. Across 1000 head-to-head simulated soccer matches, the infant-trained team consistently beat all teams trained with less varied walking paths. In Tournament 2, we compared teams trained on different clusters of infant walking paths. The team trained with the most varied combination of path shape, step direction, number of steps, and number of starts and stops outperformed teams trained with less varied paths. This evidence indicates that variety is a crucial, functional feature supporting functional walking performance. More generally, we propose that robotics provides a fruitful avenue for testing hypotheses about infant development; reciprocally, behavioral observations of infant behavior may inform research on artificial intelligence.
@article{FNBOT18-Ossmy,
author={Ori Ossmy and Justine E. Hoch and Patrick MacAlpine and Shohan Hasan and Peter Stone and Karen E. Adolph},
title={Variety Wins: Soccer-Playing Robots and Infant Walking},
journal={Frontiers in Neurorobotics},
volume={12},
pages={19},
year={2018},
url={https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbot.2018.00019},
doi={10.3389/fnbot.2018.00019},
issn={1662-5218},
wwwnote = {Available from the <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnbot.2018.00019">publisher's webpage</a>},
abstract={Although both infancy and artificial intelligence (AI) researchers are
interested in developing systems that produce adaptive, functional behavior, the
two disciplines rarely capitalize on their complementary expertise. Here, we
used soccer-playing robots to test a central question about the development of
infant walking. During natural activity, infants' locomotor paths are immensely
varied. They walk along curved, multi-directional paths with frequent starts and
stops. Is the variability observed in spontaneous infant walking a "feature" or
a "bug"? In other words, is variability beneficial for functional walking
performance? To address this question, we trained soccer-playing robots on
walking paths generated by infants during free play and tested them in simulated
games of "RoboCup." In Tournament 1, we compared the functional performance of a
simulated robot soccer team trained on infants' natural paths with teams trained
on less varied, geometric paths—straight lines, circles, and squares. Across
1000 head-to-head simulated soccer matches, the infant-trained team consistently
beat all teams trained with less varied walking paths. In Tournament 2, we
compared teams trained on different clusters of infant walking paths. The team
trained with the most varied combination of path shape, step direction, number
of steps, and number of starts and stops outperformed teams trained with less
varied paths. This evidence indicates that variety is a crucial, functional
feature supporting functional walking performance. More generally, we propose
that robotics provides a fruitful avenue for testing hypotheses about infant
development; reciprocally, behavioral observations of infant behavior may inform
research on artificial intelligence.}
}
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