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On Sampling Error in Batch Action-Value Prediction Algorithms

On Sampling Error in Batch Action-Value Prediction Algorithms.
Brahma S. Pavse, Josiah P. Hanna, Ishan Durugkar, and Peter Stone.
In In the Offline Reinforcement Learning Workshop at Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), December 2020., December 2020.
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Abstract

Estimating a policy's action-values is a fundamental aspect of reinforcement learning. In this work, we study the application of TD methods for learning action-values in an offline setting with a fixed batch of data. Motivated by recent work \citeppavse2020psectd, we observe that a fixed batch of offline data may contain two forms of distribution shift: the data may be collected from a different behavior policy than the target policy (off-policy data) and the empirical distribution of the data may differ from the sampling distribution of the data (sampling error). In this work, we focuson the second problem by analyzing the sampling error that arises due to variance in sampling from a finite-sized batch of data in the on-policy offline RL setting. We study how action-value learning algorithms suffer from this sampling error by considering their so-called certainty-equivalence estimates \citep sutton1988learning,pavse2020psectd. We prove that each algorithm uses its certainty-equivalence estimates of the policy and transition dynamics to converge to its respective fixed-point. Wethen empirically evaluate each algorithm's performance by measuring the mean-squared value error on Gridworld. Ultimately, we find that by reducing sampling error, an algorithm can produce significantly accurate action-valueestimations.

BibTeX Entry

@InProceedings{NeurIPS2020-Pavse,
  author = {Brahma S. Pavse and Josiah P. Hanna and Ishan Durugkar and Peter Stone},
  title = {On Sampling Error in Batch Action-Value Prediction Algorithms},
  booktitle = {In the Offline Reinforcement Learning Workshop at Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), December 2020.},
  location = {Remote (Virtual Conference)},
  month = {December},
  year = {2020},
  wwwnote={<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8A2fA1ZEFfg&feature=youtu.be">5-minute Video Presentation</a>},
  abstract = {
Estimating a policy's action-values is a fundamental aspect of reinforcement 
learning. In this work, we study the application of TD methods for learning 
action-values in an offline setting with a fixed batch of data. Motivated by 
recent work \citep{pavse2020psectd}, we observe that a fixed batch of offline 
data may contain two forms of distribution shift: the data may be collected 
from a different behavior policy than the target policy (off-policy data) 
and the empirical distribution of the data may differ from the sampling 
distribution of the data (sampling error). In this work, we focus
on the second problem by analyzing the sampling error that arises due to 
variance in sampling from a finite-sized batch of data in the 
\emph{on-policy offline} RL setting. We study how action-value learning 
algorithms suffer from this \emph{sampling error} by considering their so-called 
\emph{certainty-equivalence estimates} \citep{ sutton1988learning,pavse2020psectd}. 
We prove that each algorithm uses its certainty-equivalence estimates of the 
policy and transition dynamics to converge to its respective fixed-point. We
then empirically evaluate each algorithm's performance by measuring the 
mean-squared value error on Gridworld. Ultimately, we find that by reducing 
sampling error, an algorithm can produce significantly accurate action-value
estimations. 
  },
}

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