Several tasks fall under the heading of semantics:[ Semantics is the study of meaning. For our purposes, semantics means the process of determining the meaning of an input sentence.]

• Selecting correct word sense meanings.

• Removing ambiguity: choosing interpretations that ``make sense'' when many interpretations are syntactically possible.

  John saw my dog driving to work this morning.

• Resolving pronoun references.

  Bill wanted John's bike.
  He stole it.

• Resolving other references.

  ... a ladder ...
  A man is 10 ft from the top.

  A bridge is supported at each end.

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