Perception

Machine Vision:
It is easy to interface a TV camera to a computer and get an image into memory; the problem is understanding what the image represents. Vision takes lots of computation; in humans, roughly 10% of all calories consumed are burned in vision computation.

Speech Understanding:
Speech understanding is available now. Some systems must be trained for the individual user and require pauses between words. Understanding continuous speech with a larger vocabulary is harder.

Touch ( tactile or haptic) Sensation:
Important for robot assembly tasks.

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